In vitro and in vivo action of Piptadenia viridiflora (Kunth) Benth against Haemonchus contortus in sheep

The aim of the study was to investigate the longitudinal changes of exsheathment of ovine and bovine 3rd-stage strongylid larvae in an artificial rumen (RUSITEC) and to compare the results with in vivo data obtained from rumen-fistulated sheep. Infective larvae were incubated in nylon mesh bags in the sheep rumen or the RUSITEC apparatus for periods of 1, 6 and 12 h, respectively. The 12 h exsheathment rates in the rumen and the RUSITEC apparatus (in parentheses) were as follows: Haemonchus contortus: 100% (100%), Ostertagia circumcincta: 100% (76%), O. leptospicularis: 100% (100%), O. ostertagi: 53% (59%), Trichostrongylus axei: 100% (100%), T. colubriformis: 37% (36%), Cooperia curticei: 94% (76%), C. oncophora: 95% (89%), Nematodirus filicollis: 0% (N.D.), N. spathiger: 11% (15%), N. battus: 7% (5%), Oesophagostomum venulosum: 17% (9%), Chabertia ovina: 7% (2%), Dictyocaulus filaria: 1% (N.D.). Larvae of Nematodirus spp. and T. colubriformis showed a quick rise of the exsheathment rate 2 h after transfer into the abomasum. These results confirm that exsheathment generally occurs in the part of the gastrointestinal tract immediately anterior to the habitat of the adult parasite. The overall similar course of exsheathment in both systems indicates that the essential stimuli for exsheathment were generated and maintained under in vitro conditions of the artificial rumen. In both systems, the bicarbonate concentration and the pH reflected a similar status of the H2CO3/HCO buffer system, which is known to provide the essential stimuli for larval exsheathment of the abomasal species. These results give evidence that the RUSITEC system represents a valid system for studying the kinetics of exsheathment of strongylid nematodes under in vitro conditions. For 7 of the species investigated the obtained results represent the first data on larval exsheathment in vivo and in vitro.

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Efficiency of the Bioverm® (Duddingtonia flagrans) fungal formulation to control in vivo and in vitro of Haemonchus contortus and Strongyloides papillosus in sheep

3 Biotech ◽

10.1007/s13205-019-2042-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fábio Ribeiro Braga ◽

Carolina Magri Ferraz ◽

Edir Nepomuceno da Silva ◽

Jackson Victor de Araújo

Keyword(s):

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Duddingtonia Flagrans

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Comparison of two in vitro methods for the detection of ivermectin resistance in Haemonchus contortus in sheep

Helminthologia ◽

10.1515/helmin-2015-0002 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 120-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Urda Dolinská ◽

A. Königová ◽

M. Babják ◽

M. Várady

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Anthelmintic Resistance ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Migration Inhibition ◽

In Vitro Methods ◽

Parasitic Helminths

SummaryGastrointestinal parasitic nematodes in sheep cause severe economic losses. Anthelmintics are the most commonly used drugs for prophylaxis and therapy against parasitic helminths. The problem of drug resistance has developed for all commercially available anthelmintics in several genera and classes of helminths. In vitro and in vivo tests are used to detect anthelmintic resistance. Two in vitro methods (larval migration inhibition test and micromotility test) for the detection of ivermectin (IVM) resistance were compared using IVM-resistant and IVM-susceptible isolates of Haemonchus contortus. The degree of resistance for each test was expressed as a resistance factor (RF). The micromotility test was more sensitive for quantitatively measuring the degree of resistance between susceptible and resistant isolates. The RFs for this test for IVM and eprinomectin ranged from 1.00 to 108.05 and from 3.87 to 32.32, respectively.

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In vitro nematicidal effect of Chenopodium ambrosioides and Castela tortuosa n-hexane extracts against Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda) and their anthelmintic effect in gerbils

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x18000433 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 93 (04) ◽

pp. 434-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Zamilpa ◽

C. García-Alanís ◽

M.E. López-Arellano ◽

V.M. Hernández-Velázquez ◽

M.G. Valladares-Cisneros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Adult Stage ◽

Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽

Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽

Hexane Extracts ◽

Parasitic Burden ◽

The Individual ◽

Anthelmintic Effect

AbstractThe in vitro nematicidal effect of Chenopodium ambrosioides and Castela tortuosa n-hexane extracts (E-Cham and E-Cato, respectively) on Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3) and the anthelmintic effect of these extracts against the pre-adult stage of the parasite in gerbils were evaluated using both individual and combined extracts. The in vitro confrontation between larvae and extracts was performed in 24-well micro-titration plates. The results were considered 24 and 72 h post confrontation. The in vivo nematicidal effect was examined using gerbils as a study model. The extracts from the two assessed plants were obtained through maceration using n-hexane as an organic agent. Gerbils artificially infected with H. contortus L3 were treated intraperitoneally with the corresponding extract either individually or in combination. The results showed that the highest individual lethal in vitro effect (96.3%) was obtained with the E-Cham extract at 72 h post confrontation at 40 mg/ml, followed by E-Cato (78.9%) at 20 mg/ml after 72 h. The highest combined effect (98.7%) was obtained after 72 h at 40 mg/ml. The in vivo assay showed that the individual administration of the E-Cato and E-Cham extracts reduced the parasitic burden in gerbils by 27.1% and 45.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the anthelmintic efficacy increased to 57.3% when both extracts were administered in combination. The results of the present study show an important combined nematicidal effect of the two plant extracts assessed against L3 in gerbils.

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Haemonchus contortus: In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Hedera helix

Experimental Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.exppara.2007.01.019 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 116 (4) ◽

pp. 340-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

T. Eguale ◽

G. Tilahun ◽

A. Debella ◽

A. Feleke ◽

E. Makonnen

Keyword(s):

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Hedera Helix

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Anthelmintic activity of Cymbopogon citratus against Haemonchus contortus

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612015059 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 268-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo ◽

Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira ◽

Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro ◽

Jessica Maria Leite dos Santos ◽

Kaline das Chagas Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Meriones Unguiculatus ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Control Group ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Egg Hatching

Parasitic nematodes are of major economic importance in livestock. An alternative for the control of parasites is phytotherapy. This study evaluated the efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus decoction (CcD), C. citratus essential oil (CcEo) and citral against Haemonchus contortus using in vitro egg hatch test (EHT) and larval development test (LDT) and an in vivo test using a Meriones unguiculatus (gerbil) model. The effect of 800 mg/kg CcEo was evaluated in gerbils that had been artificially infected with 5,000 third-stage H. contortus larvae. The effective concentrations required to inhibit 50% (EC50) of egg hatching were 0.46, 0.14 and 0.13 mg/mL for CcD, CcEo and citral, respectively. The EC50 values in the LDT were 5.04, 1.92 and 1.37 mg/mL for CcD, CcEo and citral, respectively. H. contortus population in the group treated with C. citratus essential oil was reduced by 38.5% (P< 0.05) in comparison to the control group. These results suggest that it may be possible to use C. citratusessential oil to control of H. contortus parasite of small ruminant.

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Terminalia catappa : Chemical composition, in vitro and in vivo effects on Haemonchus contortus

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.09.006 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 246 ◽

pp. 118-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

L.M. Katiki ◽

A.C.P. Gomes ◽

A.M.E. Barbieri ◽

P.A. Pacheco ◽

L. Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Terminalia Catappa ◽

In Vivo Effects

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In vitro activity of essential oils of free and nanostructured Melaleuca alternifolia and of terpinen-4-ol on eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x15000401 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 377-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

T.H. Grando ◽

M.F. de Sá ◽

M.D. Baldissera ◽

C.B. Oliveira ◽

M.E. de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Promising Line ◽

New Compounds ◽

Eggs And Larvae ◽

Production Losses

AbstractHaemonchus contortus is one of the major gastrointestinal nematodes responsible for significant economic and production losses of sheep. Diseases caused by this species lack effective anthelmintic products, and the search for new compounds to replace synthetic anthelmintics has been extensive. The present investigation assesses the in vitro activity of the essential oil of melaleuca (Melaleuca alternifolia), both free (TTO) and nanostructured (nanoTTO), and terpinen-4-ol (terp-4-ol) on eggs and larvae of H. contortus. Tests of egg hatching (EHT) and inhibition of larval migration (LMIT) were used to assess the in vitro efficacy of TTO, nanoTTO and terp-4-ol. Using EHT, at a concentration of 3.5 mg/ml, 100% inhibition occurred using TTO and terp-4-ol, with LC50 values of 0.43 and 0.63 mg/ml, and LC90 values of 1.75 mg/ml and 3.12 mg/ml, respectively. NanoTTO had lower activity, with 82.6% inhibition at the same concentration. Using LMIT, TTO and nanoTTO had a similar activity with 88.0% and 84.8% inhibition, respectively, at a concentration of 56 mg/ml. Terp-4-ol had a greater effect on larvae, with 85.7% inhibition at a concentration of 56 mg/ml and 82.4% at 3.5 mg/ml, demonstrating high activity at the lowest concentration tested. Therefore, the results indicate that all substances tested showed ovicidal and larvicidal activity against H. contortus. TTO, terp-4-ol and, mainly, nanoTTO may be targeted in in vivo studies, besides being a promising line of research into the control and treatment of veterinary important helminths.

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Characterization of a Rhodanese Homologue from Haemonchus Contortus and its Immune-Modulatory Effects on Goat Immune Cells in Vitro

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34082/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yujian Wang ◽

Muhammad Ehsan ◽

Jianmei Huang ◽

Kalibixiati Aimulajiang ◽

RuoFeng Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

Nematode Parasites ◽

Wide Range

Abstract Background: Suppression and modulation of the immune response of the host by nematode parasites have been reported widely. Rhodaneses or thiosulfate: cyanide sulfurtransferases are present in a wide range of organisms, such as archea, bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. Previously, it was reported that a rhodanese homology could bind by goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vivo.Results: In the present study, we cloned and produced recombinant rhodanese protein originated from Haemonchus contortus (rHCRD), which was one of the parasitic nematodes of small ruminants. The effect of this protein on modulating the immunity of goat PBMC and monocyte was studied in the current work. The predominant localization of the natural HCRD protein was verified as the bowel wall and body surface of worms, according to the immunohistochemical tests. It was proved in this study that the serum produced by artificially infecting goats with H. contortus successfully recognized rHCRD which conjugated goat PBMCs. The rHCRD was co-incubated with goat PBMCs to observe the immunomodulatory effect on proliferation, apoptosis and secretion of cytokines exerted by HCRD. The results showed that the interaction of rHCRD suppressed proliferation of goat PBMCs stimulated by ConA but did not induce the apoptosis of goat PBMCs. After rHCRD exposure, the production of TNF-α and IFN-γ were significantly decreased, however, it significantly increased the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in goat PBMCs. Phagocytotic assay by FITC-dextran internalization showed that rHCRD inhibited the phagocytosis of goat monocytes. Moreover, rHCRD could down-regulate the expression of MHC-II on goat monocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: These discoveries proposed a possible target as immunomodulator, which was potentially beneficial to illuminate the interaction between parasites and hosts in the molecular level and hunt for innovative protein species as candidate targets of drug and vaccine.

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Effect of in vitro aqueous extract of fresh cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) on the larvae of Haemonchus contortus as intestinal parasite of sheep

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1025015/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Flávia Lopes Medeiros ◽

Marney Pascoli Cereda Cereda ◽

Gabriel Furrer Matos Braz

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Water Extract ◽

Live Weight ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽

Cassava Leaves ◽

Cassava Plant

Abstract Animals feeding with cassava is frequent. In the case of sheep, the producer relates consumption to a reduction in the parasite load. The literature has proven the effect of phenolic compounds as an anthelmintic in vivo, but no evidence for cyanogenic compounds, also present in all parts of the cassava plant, was found. A controlled in vitro bioassay was used to evaluate the aqueous extract of fresh cassava leaves. The efficiency parameter was the imobility of Haemonchus contortus larvae at stage L3, also used to evaluate commercial anthelmintics. Culture plates with 100 active L3 larvae per well were used, constituted a replicate of a total of three. It was placed in these wells, water extract of fresh cassava leaves (FCL) macerated in water, Ivomec® 0.01% (PCI) as positive control and distilled water as negative one (NCW). By considering the immobility of the larvae as a positive anthelmintic effect, the results showed that in NCW all larvae were mobile, while in PCI all 300 larvae were immobile. FCL produced a gradient of larval inactivation correlation (r2 0.996). The best fit equation was y = -33.39ln(x) + 40.517, a logarithmic one, which allowed to calculate the Lethal Concentration (CL) of 3. 44µg.CN-.ml, or 80.0 mg of fresh cassava leaves per milliliter, with performance equivalent to ivermectin. This concentration of free cyanide is compatible with safe consumption of fresh leaves by live weight of sheep. The exact amount of cassava roots, leaves or shoots consumed to provide an effective dose for controlling Haemonchus contort should be established in vivo. Although phenolic compounds must also be present in the extract, immobility was attributed to cyanogenic compounds since the correlation was proportional to the increase in cyanide concentration. It can be concluded that the consumption of fresh cassava leaves has potential as an anthelmintic agent to be evaluated in vivo by feeding sheep and goats. Local use could also add value to the production of fresh cassava leaves, with an average potential production of 2.5 t/ha, available throughout the year, with greater production at the beginning of cultivation and in the summer months. These leaves could be used after the roots harvesting or even in pruning for this purpose. Currently, this volume of good quality protein material is in the field, unused.

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