Anthelmintic activity of Cymbopogon citratus against Haemonchus contortus

Parasitic nematodes are of major economic importance in livestock. An alternative for the control of parasites is phytotherapy. This study evaluated the efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus decoction (CcD), C. citratus essential oil (CcEo) and citral against Haemonchus contortus using in vitro egg hatch test (EHT) and larval development test (LDT) and an in vivo test using a Meriones unguiculatus (gerbil) model. The effect of 800 mg/kg CcEo was evaluated in gerbils that had been artificially infected with 5,000 third-stage H. contortus larvae. The effective concentrations required to inhibit 50% (EC50) of egg hatching were 0.46, 0.14 and 0.13 mg/mL for CcD, CcEo and citral, respectively. The EC50 values in the LDT were 5.04, 1.92 and 1.37 mg/mL for CcD, CcEo and citral, respectively. H. contortus population in the group treated with C. citratus essential oil was reduced by 38.5% (P< 0.05) in comparison to the control group. These results suggest that it may be possible to use C. citratusessential oil to control of H. contortus parasite of small ruminant.

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Evaluation of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil on goat gastrointestinal nematodes

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612011000300009 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 223-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo ◽

Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua ◽

Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira ◽

Ana Lourdes Fernandes Camurça-Vasconcelos ◽

Luiz da Silva Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Larval Development ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Eucalyptus Citriodora ◽

Egg Hatching

Phytotherapy may be an alternative strategy for controlling gastrointestinal parasites. This study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil (EcEO). The in vitro effects of EcEO were determined through testing the inhibition of egg hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus. EcEO was subjected to acute toxicity testing on mice, orally and intraperitoneally. The in vivo effects of EcEO were determined by the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in goats infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The results showed that 5.3 mg.mL-1 EcEO inhibited egg hatching by 98.8% and 10.6 mg.mL-1 EcEO inhibited H. contortus larval development by 99.71%. The lethal doses for 50% of the mice were 4153 and 622.8 mg.kg-1, for acute toxicity orally and intraperitoneally. In the FECRT, the efficacy of EcEO and ivermectin was 66.25 and 79.16% respectively, on goat gastrointestinal nematodes eight days after treatment. EcEO showed in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity.

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Comparative anthelmintic efficacy of Arundo donax, Areca catechu, and Ferula assa-foetida against Haemonchus contortus

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612021028 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Syed Nadeem Badar ◽

Zafar Iqbal ◽

Muhammad Sohail Sajid ◽

Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan ◽

Muhammad Shareef ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Egg Hatch ◽

Faecal Egg Count ◽

Areca Catechu ◽

Better Than

Abstract In the present study, anthelmintic activities of Arundo (A.) donax L., Areca (Ar.) catechu L., and Ferula (F.) assa-foetida L. were determined. Leaves of A. donax L., latex of F. assa-foetida L. and seeds of Ar. catechu L. in different solvent fractions were subjected to in vitro (egg hatch assay; EHA, and adult motility assay; AMA) and in vivo (faecal egg count reduction test; FECRT) tests of anthelmintic activity using Haemonchus contortus model. In the AMA, crude aqueous methanol extracts (CAME) and ethyl acetate fractions of F. assa-foetida at 10 hr post-treatment showed maximum mortality of H. contortus at 12.5-50 mg mL-1. In the EHA, CAME of F. assa-foetida was identified as a potent ovicide based on its low LC50 (16.9 µg mL-1), followed in order by Ar. catechu and A. donax. Results from the FECRT also showed the extract of F. assa-foetida L. to be more effective than those of Ar. catechu L. and A. donax L., against the gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed better anthelmintic activities against the adult worms in vitro, while CAME of these plants were better than their crude powders in vivo. It is recommended to document and investigate indigenous knowledge of possible medicinal plants to plan scientific trials that may justify their endorsement.

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Anthelmintic Activity of Hymenodictyon pachyanta Stem Bark Extracts against Haemonchus Contortus

Folia Veterinaria ◽

10.2478/fv-2019-0016 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 30-36

Author(s):

D. O. Olayemi ◽

M. M. Onakpa ◽

O. C. Jegede

Keyword(s):

Larval Development ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract The development of host resistance to anthelmintics and the increasing cost of commercial anthelmintics have encouraged the need for the in vitro anthelmintic evaluation of crude extract and fractions of Hymenodictyon pachyanta plant as alternative drugs against Haemonchus contortus. H. contortus is one of the most prevalent and highly pathogenic parasitic nematodes in small ruminant farming globally. H. pachyanta stem bark is a prospective plant used by the local and indigenous farmers of Nsukka, Enugu state, Nigeria. The stem bark of H. pachyanta were collected, dried, pulverized and extracted with 80 % methanol. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro anthelmintic effects of these crude extract and fractions against H. contortus in sheep and goats. The two extracts (crude and fractions) of H. pachyanta were tested by the egg hatch assay (EHA) and the larval development inhibition assays (LDIA) and to compared the results with albendazole (as the positive control). The concentrations for the crude extract and albendazole used for this study were 0.78, 1.56, 3.125, 6.25 and 12.5 mg.ml−1. The results demonstrated that the crude extracts, fractions and albendazole all at the concentration doses of 12.5 mg.ml−1 produced 100 % inhibition of egg hatching and larval development. Statistically, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the mean percentage inhibition of egg hatching and larval development inhibition of the crude extracts and fractions when compared with albendazole. However, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed with n-butanol fraction which inhibited 96.17 % of egg hatchability. All of the extracts and albendazole showed ovicidal and larvicidal effects and were able to induce over 50 % of the egg hatching and mortality of larvae at the concentration ranges of 0.78—12.5 mg.ml−1. The results obtained from our study suggest that H. pachyanta had ovicidal and larvicidal activity against H. contortus and that the bioactive plants compounds responsible for this effect could be attributed to the presence of tannins, alkaloids and the saponins contained in the crude extracts.

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In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Methanolic Extract from Caesalpinia coriaria J. Willd Fruits against Haemonchus contortus Eggs and Infective Larvae

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/7375693 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

X. De Jesús-Martínez ◽

A. Olmedo-Juárez ◽

J. Olivares-Pérez ◽

A. Zamilpa ◽

P. Mendoza de Gives ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Lethal Effect ◽

Positive Control ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Infective Larvae

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro lethal effect of a methanolic extract (ME) from Caesalpinia coriaria fruits against Haemonchus contortus eggs and infective larvae. The anthelmintic activity was assessed using the egg hatching inhibition assay (EHI) and the mortality test. The ME was assessed using five concentrations as follows: 6.15, 3.12, 1.56, and 0.78 mg/mL to eggs and 150, 100, 75, and 50 mg/mL to larvae, respectively. Ivermectin (5 mg/mL) was used as positive control and 4% methanol and distilled water were used as negative controls. The data of ovicidal and larvicidal effect were analyzed with a completely randomized design through ANOVA analysis using the general linear model (GLM) and lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) were estimated through a Probit analysis using the SAS program. A clear ME increased concentration dependence effect was observed in the EHI and mortality tests. The highest activity of the methanolic extract was observed at the highest concentration (P < 0.05) to obtain a similar effect to the positive control (ivermectin), with LC50 = 78.38 and 0.00064 mg/mL and LC90 =235.63 and 0.024 mg/mL, respectively, for larvae and eggs. The results indicate that the C. coriaria fruit ME possesses in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal properties (gallotannins: methyl gallate) against H. contortus that needs to be investigated more in vivo for the control of gastroenteric nematodes in ruminants.

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Chemical characterization and in vitro anthelmintic activity of Citrus bergamia Risso and Citrus X paradisii Macfad essential oil against Haemonchus contortus Kirby isolate

Acta Tropica ◽

10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105869 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 217 ◽

pp. 105869

Author(s):

Vivien Patricia Garbin ◽

Beatriz Munguía ◽

Jenny Carolina Saldaña ◽

Cícero Deschamps ◽

Roger Raupp Cipriano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Citrus Bergamia

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Anthelmintic activity in vitro of Citrus sinensis and Melaleuca quinquenervia essential oil from Cuba on Haemonchus contortus

Industrial Crops and Products ◽

10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.07.056 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 76 ◽

pp. 647-652 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yousmel Aleman Gaínza ◽

Luciana Ferreira Domingues ◽

Oriela Pino Perez ◽

Márcio Dias Rabelo ◽

Eugenio Roque López ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Citrus Sinensis ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Melaleuca Quinquenervia

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In vitro anthelmintic activity of Lippia gracilis Schauer essential oil against egg-hatching of goat gastrointestinal nematodes

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico ◽

10.1590/1808-1657000522019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 87 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Lopes da Costa Souza ◽

Cristina Karine de Oliveira Rebouças ◽

Cynthia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque ◽

Cristiane de Carvalho Ferreira Lima Moura ◽

Taffarel Melo Torres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Effective Concentration ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Hatching Process ◽

Vitro Effect

ABSTRACT Since drug-resistant nematodes became a common problem in sheep and goat industries, alternative methods using natural products have emerged as a viable and sustainable anthelmintic treatment option. Here, the in vitro effect of essential oil extracted from Lippia gracilis Schauer was assessed on the hatching process of nematodes recovered from naturally infected goats. Essential oil at concentrations of 0.08% (0.008 μL/mL), 0.12% (0.012 μL/mL), and 0.16% (0.016 μL/mL) was able to induce an average inhibition of 74.7, 84 and 93%, respectively. The effective concentration required to inhibit egg hatching in 50% of eggs (EC50) was 0.03452%. Therefore, essential oil of L. gracilis showed promisor in vitro anthelmintic results against egg-hatching of goat gastrointestinal nematodes.

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In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of extracts from Artemisia parviflora and A. sieversiana

Helminthologia ◽

10.1515/helm-2017-0028 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 218-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Irum ◽

H. Ahmed ◽

B. Mirza ◽

K. Donskow-Łysoniewska ◽

A. Muhammad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adult Worm ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Infective Larvae

SummaryIn the northern areas of Pakistan, the use of Artemisia based therapeutics is a common practice. Plants of genus Artemisia are known to possess anthelmintic and therapeutic effect. Infections caused by gastrointestinal nematodes are major threat to livestock industry across the world resulting in loss of production and indirect economic losses due to high cost of anthelmintic drugs. Present study was carried out to evaluate in vitro and in vivo effect of Artemisia sieversiana and Artemisia parviflora on Haemonchus contortus, a parasitic nematode of small ruminants. Methanolic plant extract was tested against three different developmental stages using an egg hatch assay, infective larvae and adult worm motility assay. Different concentrations were used for the bioassays and post exposure mortality was recorded after 8 hr for adult worms and infective larvae, while egg inhibition percentage was observed after 27 hr. A highly significant ability to inhibit the egg hatching (100 %) was recorded for both plant extracts while, the highest activity for adult worm assay and larvicidal assay was 90 % for A. sieversiana. The highest activity for adult motility and larvicidal assay for A. parviflora was 89 % and 86.6 % respectively. For in vivo trials maximum parentage reduction was 77.0 % for A. sieversiana and 73.6 % for A. parviflora. It is concluded that selected plant extracts were effective in reducing worm burden in animals.

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In vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activities of some saponins and flavonoids against parasitic nematodes of goats

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182018000689 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 145 (14) ◽

pp. 1884-1889 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Acidália Carine Vieira Santos ◽

Francianne Oliveira Santos ◽

Hélimar Gonçalves Lima ◽

Gisele Dias Da Silva ◽

Rosangela Soares Uzêda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Egg Hatch ◽

Low Toxicity ◽

Larvicidal Activities ◽

Hecogenin Acetate ◽

Active Substances

AbstractThis study assessed the anthelmintic activity of plant-derived compounds against gastrointestinal nematodes of goats using the egg hatch and larval motility assays. The compounds tested were saponins (digitonin and aescin) and their respective sapogenins (aglycones), hecogenin acetate and flavonoids (catechin, hesperidin, isocordoin and a mixture of isocordoin and cordoin). Additionally, cytotoxicity of active substances was analysed on Vero cell through 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl,2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and propidium iodide (PI) tests. Significant reduction on the egg hatching (P < 0.05) was seen only in the treatments with aescin (99%/EC50 = 0.67 mg mL−1) and digitonin (45%). The compounds that reduced the larval motility (P < 0.05) were digitonin (EC50 = 0.03 mg mL−1 and EC90 = 0.49 mg mL−1) and the hecogenin acetate (75%). The other sapogenins showed low anthelmintic activity. All the flavonoids showed low ovicidal (4–12%) and larvicidal (10–19%) effects. The aescin and digitonin showed low toxicity in PI test (viable cells >90%). Nevertheless, higher cytotoxicity was observed in the MTT assay, with IC50 of 0.20 mg mL−1 (aescin) and 0.0074 mg mL−1 (digitonin). Aescin and digitonin have a pronounced in vitro anthelmintic effect and the glycone portion of these saponins plays an important role in this activity.

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In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Crude Extracts of Artemisia herba-alba and Punica granatum against Haemonchus contortus

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2020/4950196 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aliyi Hassen Ahmed ◽

Mebrat Ejo ◽

Teka Feyera ◽

Dereje Regassa ◽

Bahar Mummed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Egg Hatch ◽

Inhibition Effect ◽

Crude Extracts

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are the major limiting factor for the successfulness of livestock production throughout the world. Emergence of resistance strains as well as scarcity and high cost of the currently available drugs has led to the evaluation of other alternative helminth control options, mainly from plants. The current study is aimed at investigating the in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of crude methanolic extracts of two traditionally important medicinal plants, Artemisia herba-alba and Punica granatum, against Haemonchus contortus using adult motility assay (AMA) and egg hatch inhibition assay (EHIA). Four graded concentrations of the extracts were tested for both the AMA (10, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 mg/mg) and EHIA (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL) in replicates. Albendazole and phosphate-buffered saline (AMA) or distilled water (EHIA) were used as the positive and negative controls, respectively. The crude extracts of A. herba-alba and P. granatum exhibited a potential anthelmintic activity at all dose levels in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. The highest concentration (10 mg/mL) of all the extracts caused a significantly (p<0.05) superior nematocidal activity compared to the negative control. Moreover, significant and concentration-dependent egg hatching inhibition effect was observed from both plant extracts. Maximal (98.67%) egg hatching inhibition effect was exhibited by the flower extract of A. herba-alba at 1 mg/mL concentration. The relative egg hatch inhibition efficacy indicated that both plants caused a significantly (p<0.05) greater egg hatch inhibition within 48 hr of exposure. The current study validated the traditional use of both plants as a natural anthelmintic against H. contortus justifying a need to undertake detail pharmacological and toxicological investigation on both plants.

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