In situ extracting organic-bound calcium: A novel approach to mitigating organic fouling in forward osmosis treating wastewater via gradient diffusion thin-films

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Li ◽  
Xinhua Wang ◽  
Ming Xie ◽  
Zhiwei Wang ◽  
Xiufen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Gradient Diffusion ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Organic Fouling

In Situ Surface Chemical Modification of Thin-Film Composite Forward Osmosis Membranes for Enhanced Organic Fouling Resistance

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (21) ◽  
pp. 12219-12228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinglin Lu ◽  
Santiago Romero-Vargas Castrillón ◽  
Devin L. Shaffer ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
Menachem Elimelech
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Surface Chemical ◽  
Fouling Resistance ◽  
Film Composite ◽  
Thin Film Composite ◽  
Organic Fouling ◽  
Surface Chemical Modification

scholarly journals Direct Observations of the Structural Properties of Semiconducting Polymer: Fullerene Blends under Tensile Stretching

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3092
Author(s):  
Mouaad Yassine Aliouat ◽  
Dmitriy Ksenzov ◽  
Stephanie Escoubas ◽  
Jörg Ackermann ◽  
Dominique Thiaudière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Modified Polymer ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Impact

We describe the impact of tensile strains on the structural properties of thin films composed of PffBT4T-2OD π-conjugated polymer and PC71BM fullerenes coated on a stretchable substrate, based on a novel approach using in situ studies of flexible organic thin films. In situ grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) measurements were carried out to probe the ordering of polymers and to measure the strain of the polymer chains under uniaxial tensile tests. A maximum 10% tensile stretching was applied (i.e., beyond the relaxation threshold). Interestingly we found different behaviors upon stretching the polymer: fullerene blends with the modified polymer; fullerene blends with the 1,8-Diiodooctane (DIO) additive. Overall, the strain in the system was almost twice as low in the presence of additive. The inclusion of additive was found to help in stabilizing the system and, in particular, the π–π packing of the donor polymer chains.

scholarly journals Novel approach to the processing of meso-macroporous thin films of graphite and in situ graphite–noble metal nanocomposites

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (34) ◽  
pp. 17748-17752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Es-Souni ◽  
Dimitri Schopf ◽  
Claus-Henning Solterbeck ◽  
Matthias Dietze
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Noble Metal ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Metal Nanocomposites

On-substrate macro-mesoporous nanographite films as well as in situ graphite–noble metal nanocomposites are processed from porous PVDF precursors and were shown to possess outstanding supercapacitance properties.

Sub-nanometer expansions of redox responsive polymer films monitored by imaging ellipsometry

Nanoscale ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (20) ◽  
pp. 12089-12095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysegul Cumurcu ◽  
Xueling Feng ◽  
Lionel Dos Ramos ◽  
Mark A. Hempenius ◽  
Peter Schön ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Imaging Ellipsometry ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Redox Responsive ◽  
Responsive Polymer

We describe a novel approach to quantitatively visualize sub nm height changes occurring in thin films of redox active polymers upon reversible electrochemical oxidation/reduction in situ and in real-time with electrochemical imaging ellipsometry (EC-IE).

scholarly journals New insights into the organic fouling mechanism of an in situ Ca2+ modified thin film composite forward osmosis membrane

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (65) ◽  
pp. 38227-38234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiujuan Hao ◽  
Shanshan Gao ◽  
Jiayu Tian ◽  
Songxue Wang ◽  
Huizhong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Film Composite ◽  
Fouling Mechanism ◽  
Thin Film Composite ◽  
Organic Fouling ◽  
Tfc Membrane

In this study, the effect of organic substances on the fouling behavior of a thin film composite (TFC) membrane with in situ Ca2+ addition (TFC-Ca membrane) was evaluated.

Nucleation and Early Growth of Sputtered thin Films

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 516-517
Author(s):  
Dudley M. Sherman ◽  
Thos. E. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Lens Assembly ◽  
Microscope Technique ◽  
Ion Beam Sputter Deposition

The in situ electron microscope technique has been shown to be a powerful method for investigating the nucleation and growth of thin films formed by vacuum vapor deposition. The nucleation and early stages of growth of metal deposits formed by ion beam sputter-deposition are now being studied by the in situ technique.A duoplasmatron ion source and lens assembly has been attached to one side of the universal chamber of an RCA EMU-4 microscope and a sputtering target inserted into the chamber from the opposite side. The material to be deposited, in disc form, is bonded to the end of an electrically isolated copper rod that has provisions for target water cooling. The ion beam is normal to the microscope electron beam and the target is placed adjacent to the electron beam above the specimen hot stage, as shown in Figure 1.

Epitaxy and texture analysis of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin films on (100) MgO using Transmission Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
J. T. Sizemore ◽  
D. G. Schlom ◽  
Z. J. Chen ◽  
J. N. Eckstein ◽  
I. Bozovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Critical Currents ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cell Axis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Synthesis Procedure

Investigators observe large critical currents for superconducting thin films deposited epitaxially on single crystal substrates. The orientation of these films is often characterized by specifying the unit cell axis that is perpendicular to the substrate. This omits specifying the orientation of the other unit cell axes and grain boundary angles between grains of the thin film. Misorientation between grains of YBa2Cu3O7−δ decreases the critical current, even in those films that are c axis oriented. We presume that these results are similar for bismuth based superconductors and report the epitaxial orientations and textures observed in such films.Thin films of nominally Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox were deposited on MgO using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). These films were in situ grown (during growth oxygen was incorporated and the films were not oxygen post-annealed) and shuttering was used to encourage c axis growth. Other papers report the details of the synthesis procedure. The films were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

The use of transmission and analytical electron microscopy in studying reactions and phase transformations in thin film

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 842-843
Author(s):  
K. Barmak
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Multilayer Thin Films ◽  
Absolute Concentration ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Deposition Step

Generally, processing of thin films involves several annealing steps in addition to the deposition step. During the annealing steps, diffusion, transformations and reactions take place. In this paper, examples of the use of TEM and AEM for ex situ and in situ studies of reactions and phase transformations in thin films will be presented.The ex situ studies were carried out on Nb/Al multilayer thin films annealed to different stages of reaction. Figure 1 shows a multilayer with dNb = 383 and dAl = 117 nm annealed at 750°C for 4 hours. As can be seen in the micrograph, there are four phases, Nb/Nb3-xAl/Nb2-xAl/NbAl3, present in the film at this stage of the reaction. The composition of each of the four regions marked 1-4 was obtained by EDX analysis. The absolute concentration in each region could not be determined due to the lack of thickness and geometry parameters that were required to make the necessary absorption and fluorescence corrections.

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