Seasonality of enteric viruses in groundwater-derived public water sources

The variability of environmental water samples impacts the allowance of one method to be universally ideal for all water types and volumes. Surface and reclaimed waters can be used for crop irrigation and may be referred to as non-traditional irrigation waters as these water types may be associated with a higher risk of microbial contamination compared to groundwater. These waters are typically more microbially and chemically complex than groundwater and have a higher risk of viral contamination. To detect viruses in these water types, an infinite number of variations can be made to traditional recovery methods. This protocol was developed based on a commonly used virus adsorption and elution (VIRADEL) method. Additional steps were included to simplify and efficiently reduce particulates in the viral concentrate and remove DNA from eluted nucleic acids prior to detection. Method alterations allow for volumes up to 40 liters to be processed with consistent recovery of enteric viruses including Aichi virus, hepatitis A virus, and noroviruses belonging to genogroups GI and GII. No inhibition was observed among either surface or reclaimed water samples. This protocol could be utilized in the monitoring of a wide array of irrigation water sources throughout irrigation processes.

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Quantitative PCR Detection of Enteric Viruses in Wastewater and Environmental Water Sources by the Lisbon Municipality: A Case Study

Water ◽

10.3390/w12020544 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 544 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Pedro Teixeira ◽

Sílvia Costa ◽

Bárbara Brown ◽

Susana Silva ◽

Raquel Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Reuse ◽

Enteric Viruses ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Environmental Water ◽

Underground Water ◽

Water Sources ◽

Pcr Detection ◽

Fecal Coliforms ◽

Untreated Wastewater ◽

Treated Effluent

Current regulations and legislation require critical revision to determine safety for alternative water sources and water reuse as part of the solution to global water crisis. In order to fulfill those demands, Lisbon municipality decided to start water reuse as part of a sustainable hydric resources management, and there was a need to confirm safety and safeguard for public health for its use in this context. For this purpose, a study was designed that included a total of 88 samples collected from drinking, superficial, underground water, and wastewater at three different treatment stages. Quantitative Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) detection (qPCR) of enteric viruses Norovirus (NoV) genogroups I (GI) and II (GII) and Hepatitis A (HepA) was performed, and also FIB (E. coli, enterococci and fecal coliforms) concentrations were assessed. HepA virus was only detected in one untreated influent sample, whereas NoV GI/ NoV GI were detected in untreated wastewater (100/100%), secondary treated effluent (47/73%), and tertiary treated effluent (33/20%). Our study proposes that NoV GI and GII should be further studied to provide the support that they may be suitable indicators for water quality monitoring targeting wastewater treatment efficiency, regardless of the level of treatment.

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Assessment of Various Cell Lines (Including Mixed-Cell Cultures) for the Detection of Enteric Viruses in Different Water Sources

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1989.0126 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 311-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. Tougianidou ◽

M. Jacob ◽

K. Herbold ◽

T. Hahn ◽

B. Flehmig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Lines ◽

Cell Cultures ◽

Enteric Viruses ◽

Water Sources ◽

Mixed Cell ◽

Different Water Sources

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Enteric viruses in New Zealand drinking-water sources

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2011.117 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 63 (8) ◽

pp. 1744-1751 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

W. M. Williamson ◽

A. Ball ◽

S. Wolf ◽

J. Hewitt ◽

S. Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

New Zealand ◽

Enteric Viruses ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Water Sources ◽

Hollow Fibre ◽

Drinking Water Sources ◽

Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽

Pathogenic Viruses

This study determined whether human pathogenic viruses are present in two New Zealand surface waters that are used as drinking-water sources. Enteric viruses were concentrated using hollow-fibre ultrafiltration and detected using PCR for adenovirus (AdV), and reverse transcription PCR for norovirus (NoV) genogroups I-III, enterovirus, rotavirus (RoV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV). Target viruses were detected in 106/109 (97%) samples, with 67/109 (61%) samples positive for three or more viral types at any one time. AdV, NoV and RoV were detected the most frequently, and HEV the least frequently. Human NoV was not usually associated with animal NoV. Our results suggest that New Zealand would be well served by assessing the ability of drinking-water treatment plants to remove viruses from the source waters, and that this assessment could be based on the viral concentration of AdV-NoV-RoV. The long-term aim of our work is to use this information to estimate the risk of waterborne viral infection.

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High prevalence of enteric viruses in untreated individual drinking water sources and surface water in Slovenia

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health ◽

10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.05.006 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 214 (5) ◽

pp. 392-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Andrej Steyer ◽

Karmen Godič Torkar ◽

Ion Gutiérrez-Aguirre ◽

Mateja Poljšak-Prijatelj

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Surface Water ◽

Enteric Viruses ◽

Water Sources ◽

Drinking Water Sources ◽

Untreated Individual ◽

High Prevalence

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Occurrence of Human Enteric Viruses in Water Sources and Shellfish: A Focus on Africa

Food and Environmental Virology ◽

10.1007/s12560-020-09456-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1-31

Author(s):

Nicole S. Upfold ◽

Garry A. Luke ◽

Caroline Knox

Keyword(s):

Enteric Viruses ◽

Water Sources ◽

Human Enteric Viruses

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Electron Microscopic Detection and Characterization of Nonhuman Primate Enteric Viruses

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100054145 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 306-307

Author(s):

G. C. Smith ◽

R. L. Heberling ◽

S. S. Kalter

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Animal Model ◽

Nonhuman Primate ◽

Clinical Condition ◽

Intestinal Tract ◽

Enteric Viruses ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Microscopic Detection

A number of viral agents are recognized as and suspected of causing the clinical condition “gastroenteritis.” In our attempts to establish an animal model for studies of this entity, we have been examining the nonhuman primate to ascertain what viruses may be found in the intestinal tract of “normal” animals as well as animals with diarrhea. Several virus types including coronavirus, adenovirus, herpesvirus, and picornavirus (Table I) were detected in our colony; however, rotavirus, astrovirus, and calicivirus have not yet been observed. Fecal specimens were prepared for electron microscopy by procedures reported previously.

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Brief history and ways of further development of the department of hydraulic engineering and hydraulics FSBI «VNIIGiM named after A.N. Kostyakov»

Melioration and Water Management ◽

10.32962/0235-2524-2019-5-18-23 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 18-23

Author(s):

Alexey Shcherbakov ◽

Valentin Zhezmer

Keyword(s):

Land Reclamation ◽

Water Source ◽

Water Sources ◽

Hydraulic Engineering ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Extensive Experience ◽

Safety Level ◽

Theoretical Substantiation ◽

Wide Range ◽

Construction Operation

Department of hydraulic engineering and hydraulics FGBNU «VNIIGiM them. A.N. Kostyakova «has a long history. For many years, the department’s staff has been such scientists and water engineers with extensive experience as M.A. Volynov, V.S. Verbitsky, S.S. Medvedev, N.V. Lebedev, B.C. Panfilov, T.G. Voynich-Syanozhentsky, V.A. Golubkova, G.V. Lyapin and others. The department solved a wide range of tasks, the main areas of research were the following: – theoretical and applied hydrodynamics and hydraulics, with reference to the open channel flows that affect the state and level of safety of the hydraulic structures; – integrated use and protection of water bodies – water sources and water sources of water resources used in land reclamation; – development of measures and technical solutions for the protection of objects from the negative effects of water; – theoretical substantiation of works to improve the safety level of the GTS (declaration); – development and implementation of digitalization methods for solving design, construction, operation and control of landreclamation facilities. Currently, promising areas of research is the development of a decision-making algorithm in the designation of measures to rationalize the provision of resources to water amelioration. The algorithm is developed on the basis of a detailed study, systematization and processing of data both on safety and on the efficiency of systems and structures, ensuring the delivery of irrigation water of the required quality and in sufficient quantity from a water source to the field.

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