scholarly journals Negative consequences of early-life adversity on substance use as mediated by corticotropin-releasing factor modulation of serotonin activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina L. Forster ◽  
Eden M. Anderson ◽  
Jamie L. Scholl ◽  
Jodi L. Lukkes ◽  
Michael J. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Early Life Adversity

Addiction, inequality and recovery

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Svanberg
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Health Equality ◽  
Societal Inequality ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the impact of health inequalities on addiction and how the recommendations of the Marmot Review could influence recovery from addiction. The Marmot Review was tasked with devising strategies to reduce health inequalities in England, and rightly recognised that health equality requires a debate about what kind of society we want to live in. When considering societies as a whole, there is a clearer relationship between poor health outcomes and societal inequality; rich countries with a steep social gradient do worse than poorer, but more equal, countries. The chapter first provides an overview of factors that cause substance use and addiction before discussing the role of early life adversity in addiction and the link between inequality and addiction. More specifically, it explains how unequal societies lead to addiction and goes on to consider how society can support recovery from addiction.

scholarly journals PERCEIVED DISCRIMINATION, ANGER CONTROL, AND INFLAMMATION IN MIDLIFE: THE ROLE OF EARLY-LIFE ADVERSITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S826-S826
Author(s):  
Chioun Lee ◽  
Jennifer Coons ◽  
Lexi Harari
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Family Instability ◽  
Anger Control ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Biological Health

Abstract Early life adversity has severe consequences for adult biological health particularly in minority group individuals. Two ways in which it may be possible to reduce these negative consequences on adult health are individual differences in perceived discrimination due to early life adversities and learning internal skills (i.e. anger control) to help cope with early life adversities and perceived discrimination. The current study utilized 2,118 participants (55% female) from the MIDUS Projects. Early life adversities included three constructs: low socioeconomic status, family instability, and abuse (sexual, physical, and emotional). The best-fitting model from the latent class analyses revealed four distinct groups: 1) no early life adversities group, 2) low socioeconomic status only group, 3) low socioeconomic status and family instability group, and 4) all three early life adversities group. Minority groups were more likely to reside in the all three early life adversities group. Perceived discrimination was measured via two pathways: lifetime discrimination and daily discrimination. Anger control (one measure of an internal skill one learns to cope with early life adversities and perceived discrimination) was assessed with an anger-control scale. Inflammation markers were used as an indicator of biological health. Experiencing more early life adversities was related to greater inflammation and this relationship was partially explained via the pathway of greater early life adversities, greater perceived lifetime/daily discrimination, worse anger control, and greater inflammation. The findings support the need for a more holistic measure of early life adversities as it has a clear impact on adult inflammation.

scholarly journals Working memory reflects vulnerability to early life adversity as a risk factor for substance use disorder in the FKBP5 cortisol cochaperone polymorphism, rs9296158

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. e0218212 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Lovallo ◽  
Ashley Acheson ◽  
Andrew J. Cohoon ◽  
Kristen H. Sorocco ◽  
Andrea S. Vincent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Adversity

Resilience in Adolescence: Prospective Self Moderates the Association of Early Life Adversity with Psychopathology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Elizabeth Zinn ◽  
Edward Huntley ◽  
Daniel Keating
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Early Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Externalizing Behavior Problems ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Latent Construct

Introduction. Early life adversity (ELA) can result in negative health-outcomes, including psychopathology. Evidence suggests that adolescence is a critical developmental period for processing ELA. Identity formation, which is crucial to this developmental period, may moderate the effect between ELA and psychopathology. One potential moderating variable associated with identity formation is Prospective Self, a latent construct comprised of future-oriented attitudes and behaviors.Methods. Participants are from the first wave of an ongoing longitudinal study designed to characterize behavioral and cognitive correlates of risk behavior trajectories. A community sample of 10th and 12th grade adolescents (N = 2017, 55% female) were recruited from nine public school districts across eight Southeastern Michigan counties in the United States. Data were collected in schools during school hours or after school via self-report, computer-administered surveys. Structural equation modeling was used in the present study to assess Prospective Self as a latent construct and to evaluate the relationship between ELA, psychopathology, and Prospective Self.Results. Preliminary findings indicated a satisfactory fit for the construct Prospective Self. The predicted negative associations between Prospective Self and psychopathology were found and evidence of moderation was observed for externalizing behavior problems, such that the effects of ELA were lower for individuals with higher levels of Prospective Self. Conclusion. These results support the role of Prospective Self in conferring resilience against externalizing behavior problems associated with ELA among adolescents. Keywords: Adolescence, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Psychopathology, Self-concept, Adolescent Health, Early Life Adversity

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