Physical activity and stroke among women – A non-linear relationship

2021 ◽  
pp. 106485
Author(s):  
C.J. MacDonald ◽  
A.L. Madika ◽  
R. Gomes ◽  
G. Severi ◽  
Igor Sibon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Non Linear

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Exposure–Effect Relationship Between Physical Activity and Incident Atrial Fibrillation in the General Population: A Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of 16 Prospective Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Wan ◽  
Yue Zhou ◽  
Wengen Zhu ◽  
Xiao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
General Population ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exposure Effect ◽  
Non Linear

Background: Since evidence regarding the relationship between physical activity (PA) and atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence is inconsistent among studies, we performed a dose–response meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the exposure–effect association between PA and incident AF and the potential sex difference in the general population.Methods: The PubMed and Embase databases were searched for eligible studies published up to July 2020 (PROSPERO: CRD42018091692). The non-linear or linear exposure–effect relationship between PA and AF was examined using the robust error meta-regression method.Results: A total of 16 prospective studies involving 1,449,017 individuals and 39,884 AF cases were included. We observed an inverse non-linear association between PA level and incident AF (I2 = 0%, pnon−linearity < 0.001). In the linear model, a 5 metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-h/week increase in PA was associated with a decreased risk of AF [risk ratio (RR) = 0.992, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.988–0.996, I2 = 0%]. In the sex-stratified analysis, we observed an inverse non-linear relationship between PA level and AF risk in females (I2 = 90%, pnon−linearity < 0.0001) but not in males (I2 = 0%, pnon−linearity = 0.40). In the linear model, a 5 MET-h/week increase in PA was associated with a reduced risk of AF in females (RR = 0.982, 95% CI: 0.975–0.989, I2 = 71%) but not in males (RR = 0.998, 95% CI: 0.994–1.002, I2 = 0%), with a significant interaction observed between the two groups (pinteraction < 0.0001).Conclusion: There was an inverse non-linear relationship between PA level and incident AF in the general population. The beneficial effect of PA in reducing AF risk might be predominantly observed in females.

Linear and non-linear associations between physical activity, body composition and multimorbidity over 10 years among community-dwelling older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saliu A Balogun ◽  
Dawn Aitken ◽  
Feitong Wu ◽  
David Scott ◽  
Graeme Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Steps Per Day

Abstract Background This study aims to describe the relationships between physical activity (PA), body composition and multimorbidity over 10 years. Methods Participants (N=373; 49% women; average age 61.3±6.7 years) were followed for 10 years. Multimorbidity was defined by self-report as the presence of two or more of 12 listed chronic conditions. PA (steps-per-day) at baseline was assessed by pedometer, handgrip strength (HGS) by dynamometer and appendicular lean mass (ALM) and total body fat mass by dual x-ray absorptiometry . Relative HGS and ALM were calculated by dividing each body mass index (BMI). Regression cubic splines were used to assess evidence for a non-linear relationship. Results After 10 years, 45% participants had multimorbidity. There was a non-linear relationship between PA and multimorbidity – PA was associated with lower multimorbidity risk among individuals who engaged in <10,000 steps-per-day (RR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.97, per 1000 steps-per-day), but not among those who participated in ≥10,000 steps-per-day (RR=1.04, 95% CI: 0.93, 1.09, per 1000 steps-per-day). Higher BMI (RR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.08, per kg/m 2) and fat mass (RR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04, per kg), and lower relative HGS (RR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.94, per 0.1 psi/kg/m 2) and ALM (RR=0.93, 95% CI: 0.88, 0.98, per 0.1 kg/kg/m 2) were linearly associated with a higher risk of multimorbidity. Absolute HGS and ALM were not significantly associated with multimorbidity. Discussion These findings highlight the potential clinical importance of maintaining adequate levels of PA and of reducing adiposity and maintaining muscle function for minimising the risk of multimorbidity in older adults.

Type/Token Ratios: what do they really tell us?

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Richards
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Child Language ◽  
Lexical Diversity ◽  
Diversity Measure ◽  
Closed Class ◽  
Language Research ◽  
Non Linear

ABSTRACTType/Token Ratios have been extensively used in child language research as an index of lexical diversity. This paper shows that the measure has frequently failed to discriminate between children at widely different stages of language development, and that the ratio may in fact fall as children get older. It is suggested here that such effects are caused by a negative, though non-linear, relationship between sample size (i.e. number of tokens) and Type/Token Ratio. Effects of open and closed class items are considered and an alternative Verbal Diversity measure is examined. Standardization of the number of tokens before computing Type/Token Ratios is recommended.

scholarly journals Association between serum uric acid and triglycerides in Chinese children and adolescents with short stature

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuntian Chu ◽  
Qianqian Zhao ◽  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Bo Ban ◽  
Hongbing Tao
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Short Children ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Background Elevated triglyceride (TG) levels are a biomarker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The correlation between serum uric acid (SUA) and TG concentrations in adults or obese children is well established. However, studies on SUA and TG in children with short stature are limited. Aim To determine the relationship between SUA and TG levels in short children and adolescents. Method This was a cross-sectional evaluation of a cohort of 1095 patients with short stature (720 males and 375 females). The related clinical characteristics, including anthropometric and biochemical parameters, were determined. Results Smooth curve fitting, adjusted for potential confounders was performed, which indicated the existence of a non-linear relationship between these measures. Piecewise multivariate linear analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between SUA and TG at SUA concentrations over 7 mg/dL (β = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.05–0.22, P = 0.002) but no significant correlation at lower SUA levels (β = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.01–0.04, P = 0.799). Furthermore, a stratified analysis was performed to appraise changes in this relationship for different sexes and standard deviation levels of body mass index (BMI). The non-linear relationship remained consistent in males and females with BMI standard deviation scores (BMI SDS) ≥ 0, with inflection points of 6.71 mg/dL and 3.93 mg/dL, respectively. Within these two groups, SUA and TG levels showed a positive association when SUA levels were higher than the inflection point (β = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.11–0.31, P < 0.001 for males and β = 0.1, 95% CI: 0.03–0.17, P = 0.005 for females). However, a specific relationship was not observed at lower SUA levels. No significant relationships were found between SUA and TG levels in males and females with BMI SDS < 0. Conclusion The present study identified the non-linear association of SUA and TG levels with short children and adolescents. This relationship was based on BMI status. This finding suggests that health status should be considered for short stature children with high SUA levels, especially in children with a high BMI standard deviation score.

scholarly journals A Non-linear Relationship Between Selective Attention and Associated ERP Markers Across the Lifespan

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Reuter ◽  
Solveig Vieluf ◽  
Flora Koutsandreou ◽  
Lena Hübner ◽  
Henning Budde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Non Linear
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document