597 Racial Differences in Birth Defects in a Low Income Minority Population. A Review of 67,349 Deliveries

Academics largely define gentrification based on changes in the class demographics of neighborhood residents from predominately low-income to middle-class. This ignores that gentrification always occurs in spaces defined by both class and race. In this article, I use the lens of racial capitalism to theorize gentrification as a racialized, profit-accumulating process, integrating the perspective that spaces are always racialized to class-centered theories. Using the prior literature on gentrification in the United States, I demonstrate how the concepts of value, valuation, and devaluation from racial capitalism explain where and how gentrification unfolds. Exposure to gentrification varies depending on a neighborhood’s racial composition and the gentrification stakeholders involved, which contributes to racial differences in the scale and pace of change and the implications of those changes for the processes of displacement. Revising our understanding of gentrification to address the racialization of space helps resolve seemingly contradictory findings across qualitative and quantitative studies.

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Abstract P316: Multiple Vulnerabilities to Health Disparities and Incident Coronary Heart Disease in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.p316 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Monika M Safford ◽

Laura Pinheiro ◽

Madeline Sterling ◽

Joshua Richman ◽

Paul Muntner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Disparities ◽

Racial Differences ◽

Low Income ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Health Management ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Southeastern Us ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Regards Study

Social determinants contribute to disparities in incident CHD but it is not known if they have an additive effect. We hypothesized that having more socially determined vulnerabilities to health disparities is associated with increased risk of incident CHD in the REGARDS study, a large biracial prospective cohort with physiological and survey measures. Experts adjudicated incident fatal and nonfatal CHD over 10 years of follow-up. Vulnerabilities included black race, low education, low income, and Southeastern US residence. The risks for CHD outcomes associated with 1, 2, and 3+ vs 0 vulnerabilities were calculated with Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for medical conditions, functional status, health behaviors, and physiologic variables. Of the 19,645 participants free of CHD at baseline (mean age 64 years, 57% women), 16% had 0 vulnerabilities, 36% had 1, 29% had 2, and 18% had 3+. Increasing numbers of vulnerabilities were associated with higher incidence (Figure) and risk of CHD that attenuated somewhat after multivariable adjustment (Table). These findings may provide a method of risk stratification useful for population health management.

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Latina and African American Women: Continuing Disparities in Health

International Journal of Health Services ◽

10.2190/mncj-nb8e-m0wa-1fgm ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 555-584 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Marsha Lillie-Blanton ◽

Rose Marie Martinez ◽

Andrea Kidd Taylor ◽

Betty Garman Robinson

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Social Class ◽

Health Services ◽

African American Women ◽

Racial Differences ◽

Family Income ◽

Work Conditions ◽

Social Conditions ◽

Minority Population ◽

American Women

Women of all races have faced incredible challenges as they sought to realize the promises of America. For women of color, these challenges were compounded by the second-class citizenship of U.S. racial and ethnic minority population groups. In an effort to assess the quality of life experienced by Latina and African American women, this article provides descriptive information on racial/ethnic differences in women's social conditions, health status, exposure to occupational and environmental risks, and use of health services. When possible, indices are stratified by family income to limit the effects of social class on the comparison of racial differences. The authors provide evidence that Latina and African American women are more likely than nonminority women to encounter social environments (e.g., poverty, densely populated neighborhoods, hazardous work conditions) that place them at risk for ill-health and injury. Although persistent racial disparities in health are often attributed to the lifestyle behaviors of racial minority populations, they are undoubtedly a consequence of poorer social conditions as well as barriers in access to quality health services. To achieve further gains, public policies must reduce social inequalities (i.e., by gender, race, and social class) and assure greater equity in access to resources that facilitate healthier environments and lifestyles. Public health initiatives should be community-based, reflecting a shared partnership that actively engages minority women in decision-making about their lives.

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COVID-19’s Socioeconomic Impact on Low-Income Benefit Recipients: Early Evidence from Tracking Surveys

Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World ◽

10.1177/2378023120970794 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 237802312097079

Author(s):

Diana Enriquez ◽

Adam Goldstein

Keyword(s):

Survey Data ◽

Racial Differences ◽

Low Income ◽

Census Bureau ◽

Socioeconomic Impact ◽

Data Sets ◽

Online Surveys ◽

Assistance Program ◽

Early Evidence ◽

The Impact

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has introduced manifold dislocations in Americans’ lives. Using novel survey data samples of Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP) recipients and U.S. Census Bureau Household Pulse Survey data, the authors examine the incidence of COVID-19-induced hardships among low-income/benefits-eligible households during the early months of the crisis. Five repeated online surveys of SNAP recipients measured perceived and realized housing insecurity, food scarcity, new debt accrual, and recent job loss. These data were supplemented by creating parallel measures among all low-income households from Household Pulse Survey. Food insecurity and debt accrual grew more prevalent between from April to June 2020, and job losses compounded. Although the magnitude of racial differences varies across indicators and data sources, black respondents fared consistently worse than non-Hispanic whites in both survey data sets, and Latinx respondents fared worse than whites in the Household Pulse Survey. These results provide early systematic evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on poor Americans and racial disparities therein.

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Racial Differences in Mental Health Service Utilization Among Low-Income Women

Social Work in Public Health ◽

10.1080/19371910802151747 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 23 (2-3) ◽

pp. 89-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daniel Rosen ◽

Richard M. Tolman ◽

Lynn A. Warner ◽

Kyaien Conner

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Service ◽

Health Service ◽

Racial Differences ◽

Service Utilization ◽

Low Income ◽

Health Service Utilization ◽

Mental Health Service Utilization ◽

Low Income Women

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Differences in overall survival for patients with cholangiocarcinoma: Racial/ethnic disparity or socioeconomic factors?

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2019.37.4_suppl.380 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (4_suppl) ◽

pp. 380-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rachel M Lee ◽

Yuan Liu ◽

Mohammad Yahya Zaidi ◽

Adriana Carolina Gamboa ◽

Maria C. Russell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Overall Survival ◽

Socioeconomic Factors ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Racial Differences ◽

Low Income ◽

Census Data ◽

Private Insurance ◽

Cancer Data ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Racial Ethnic

380 Background: Inequities in cancer survival are well documented. Whether disparities in overall survival (OS) result from inherent racial differences in underlying disease biology or socioeconomic factors (SEF) is not known. Our aim was to define the association of race/ethnicity and SEF with OS in pts with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Methods: Pts with CCA of all sites and stages in the National Cancer Data Base (2004-14) were included. Racial/ethnic groups were defined as non-Hispanic White (NH-W), non-Hispanic Black (NH-B), Asian, and Hispanic. Income and education were based on census data for pts’ zip code. Income was defined as high (³$63,000) vs low ( < $63,000). Primary outcome was OS. Results: 27,151 pts were included with a mean age of 68 yrs; 51% were male. 78% were NH-W, 8% NH-B, 6% Asian, and 6% Hispanic. 56% had Medicare, 33% private insurance, 7% Medicaid, and 4% were uninsured. 67% had high income. 21% lived in an area where > 20% of adults did not finish high school. NH-B and Hispanic pts had more unfavorable SEF including uninsured status, low income, and less formal education than NH-W and Asian pts (all p < 0.001). They were also younger, more likely to be female and to have metastatic disease (all p < 0.001). Despite this, NH-B race and Hispanic ethnicity were not associated with decreased OS. Male sex, older age, non-private insurance, low income, lower education, non-academic facility, location outside the Northeast, higher Charlson-Deyo score, worse grade, larger tumor size, and higher stage were all associated with decreased OS (all p < 0.001). On MV analysis, along with adverse pathologic factors, type of insurance (p = 0.003), low income (p < 0.001), and facility type and location of treatment (p < 0.001) remained associated with decreased OS; non-white race/ethnicity was not. Conclusions: Disparities in survival exist in CCA, however they are not driven by race/ethnicity. Non-privately insured and low-income pts had decreased OS, as did pts treated at non-academic centers and outside the Northeast. This suggests that decreased ability to access and afford care results in worse outcomes, rather than biological differences amongst racial/ethnic groups.

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