Effects of Caulophyllum on the uteri and ovaries of adult rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 70 (03) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Anil Kumar Srivastava ◽  
K. Chandrasekhar
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Mitotic Division ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Luminal Epithelium ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Cell Height

SummaryAdult female rats were given the 200th and 10,000th potency of Caulophyllum orally on alternate days for ten days. The vehicle used was 90 per cent. alcohol.The 200th potency brought about a significant increase in ovarian and uterine weight and also in cell height of the endometrium and luminal epithelium. Increased mitotic division was also discernible. Simultaneously the stromal cells became smaller in size and exhibited retardation in mitotic division.In addition, the 200th potency treated groups showed marked retardation in the maturation of ova, with the number of maturing ova minimized. Increased atresia was noted and a perceptible decrease in the number and diameter of functional corpora lutea. The controls and animals treated with the 10,000th potency of the same drug exhibited only insignificant changes.

scholarly journals GLP-1 Increases Preovulatory LH Source and the Number of Mature Follicles, As Well As Synchronizing the Onset of Puberty in Female Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (11) ◽  
pp. 4226-4237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Outeiriño-Iglesias ◽  
Marina Romaní-Pérez ◽  
Lucas C. González-Matías ◽  
Eva Vigo ◽  
Federico Mallo
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Control of estrous cycle and reproductive capacity involves a large number of central and peripheral factors, integrating numerous nutritional and metabolic signals. Here we show that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a peptide with anorexigenic and insulinotropic actions, and the GLP-1 receptor agonist Exendin-4 (Ex4) exert a regulatory influence on the gonadal axis, in both adult and prepubertal female rats. In adult rats, Glp-1 receptor expression varies during the estrous cycle at the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary. Furthermore, acute treatment with GLP-1 in the morning proestrus doubled the amplitude of the preovulatory LH surge, as well as influencing estradiol and progesterone levels along the estrous cycle. These changes provoked an important increase in the number of Graafian follicles and corpora lutea, as well as in the litter size. Conversely, Ex4 diminished the levels of LH, later producing a partial blockade at the preovulatory surge, yet not affecting either the number of mature follicles or corpora lutea. Chronic administration of low doses of GLP-1 to prepubertal rats synchronized vaginal opening and increased LH levels on the 35th day of life, yet at these doses it did not modify their body weight, food intake, or ovarian and uterine weight. By contrast, chronic exposure to Ex4 produced a significant reduction in ovarian and uterine weight, and serum LH, and the animals treated chronically with Ex4 showed no vaginal opening in the period studied. Overall, our results demonstrate that GLP-1 and Ex4 act on the gonadal axis, involving the hypothalamic kisspeptin system, to influence reproductive efficiency in female rats.

METABOLISM OF 20β-HYDROXY-4-PREGNEN-3-ONE IN UTERINE TISSUE OF NON-PREGNANT RATS IN VITRO

1976 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Lisboa ◽  
M. Holtermann
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Uterine Tissue ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Progesterone Metabolites ◽  
Ovariectomized Adult Rats

ABSTRACT In vitro experiments carried out with uterus preparations of ovariectomized adult rats indicate the presence in this tissue of a 20β-hydroxysteroid-oxidoreductase which catalyzes the conversion of 20β-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one to progesterone. Since a hepatic 20β-hydroxysteroid-oxidoreductase is absent in adult female rats, the myometrial enzyme can be responsible for the biological activity of 20β-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one in these animals. Besides progesterone five metabolites were isolated and identified after incubation of [4-14C]20β-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one with uterine tissue: 20β-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-3-one, 20β-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-3-one, 5α-pregnane-3α,20β-diol, 4-pregnene-3α,20β-diol and 4-pregnene-3β,20β-diol. The conversion of 20β-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one to progesterone permits us to regard all five steroids isolated as progesterone metabolites in the rat uterus. 20β-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-3-one is the first C21-metabolite with a 5β(H)-configuration isolated in the rat uterus, which indicates the presence of 5β-reductase in this tissue.

Dissimilar Anxiety-like Behavior in Prepubertal and Young Adult Female Rats on Acute Exposure to Aluminium

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trina Sengupta ◽  
Sutirtha Ghosh ◽  
Archana Gaur T. ◽  
Prasunpriya Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Plus Maze

Background: Puberty is a developmental transition in which an estrogenic surge occurs, mediating the release of xenoestrogens, like aluminium. Aluminium’s effect on anxiety in rodents at the different developmental stages is inconsistent. Aims: This study aimed at investigating the effect of the metalloestrogenic property of aluminium on anxiety-like behavioral changes in prepubertal and young adult female rats. Objective: Considering this aim, our objective was to evaluate the anxiety-like behavior by the elevated plus maze in prepubertal and young adult female rats with or without acute exposure to aluminium. Methods: To address this property of aluminium, 5mg/Kg body weight (Al-5) and 10 mg/Kg body weight (Al-10) of aluminium was administered intraperitoneally to female rats at two developmental stages, prepubertal (PP; n = 8 for each dose) and young adult (YA; n = 6 for each dose) for two weeks. Post-treatment, three days behavioral assessment of the rats was done employing elevated plus maze. Results: Reduced escape latency was seen in Al-5, Al-10 pre-pubertal rats, and Al-5 young-adult rats on day 3. A significant reduction in open arm time was seen in the Al-5 young-adult rats. Aluminium treatment in the pre-pubertal rats reduced their head dipping and grooming. Reduced sniffing, head dipping, and stretch-attended posture in the treated young-adult female rats showed that they had impaired risk-taking tendency. Conclusion: Differential effect on the anxiety-like behavior in the pre-pubertal and young-adult female rats might be due to the metalloestrogenic property of aluminium, acting differently on the two age groups.

Regrowth of atrophied skeletal muscle in adult rats after ending immobilization

1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Wet Weight

The recovery time course of muscle atrophied by immobilization was followed after removal of hindlimb casts from adult female rats. Increases of only 9% in body weight, 4% in gastrocnemius weight, and 10% in soleus weight occurred in controls during the 78-day duration of the experiment. There were no increases in the amounts of total protein or of citrate synthase activities in gastrocnemius or soleus during the first 3 days after removal of hindlimb casts; thereafter, there were increases in these paramters. Citrate synthase activities per mg of gastrocnemius protein were significantly higher at the 16th and 50th day of recovery. No significant differences for citrate synthase activity per mg of soleus occurred during recovery. Until the 50th day of recovery, no significant differences for total protein in soleus and for total protein and wet weight of gastrocnemius were observed between control and recovery values. However, the wet weight of the soleus returned rapidly during recovery and was not significantly different from control during recovery.

Attenuated responses of muscle protein synthesis to fasting and insulin in adult female rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (1) ◽  
pp. E1-E5 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Baillie ◽  
P. J. Garlick
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Fractional Rate ◽  
The Individual

One-year-old adult female rats were fasted for 12 or 36 h followed by a 30-min infusion of insulin. The responses of the fractional rate of protein synthesis (Ks) in the individual muscles (measured in vivo) to fasting were small and mostly nonsignificant. After 12 h of fasting, only the epitrochlearis muscle (ET) showed a significant decrease in Ks, and, even after 36 h of fasting, a significant decrease in Ks was seen in only ET, extensor digitorum longus, and tensor fasciae latae (TFL). After the 36-h fast, infusion of insulin restored the fed Ks in all muscles except TFL. The fiber-type composition of the individual muscles appeared to influence the muscles' responsiveness to the fasting, since the highly glycolytic TFL was the most sensitive (particularly after 36 h of fasting), whereas the highly oxidative adductor longus and soleus muscles were unaffected by either fasting or insulin. In a second experiment, refeeding of fasted adult rats also had little effect on Ks, consistent with the low sensitivity to fasting shown by the first experiment. The parallel results in the two experiments confirmed that the low responsiveness to fasting and insulin infusion in these adult rats was not a result of failure to absorb in “fed” animals or insufficient levels of insulin during insulin infusions. In contrast, a third experiment showed that muscle protein synthesis in the gastrocnemius muscle from young adult (5-mo-old) female rats was significantly reduced after only 12 h of fasting.

HORMONAL ACTION ON MONOAMINE OXIDASE ACTIVITY IN RATS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ho-Van-Hap ◽  
L. M. Babineau ◽  
L. Berlinguet
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase Activity ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Mao Activity ◽  
Hormonal Action

Male young and adult rats were injected with thyroxin, hydrocortisone and puromycin. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was studied in liver, brain, kidney, and heart with L-tryptamine-2-14C as substrate. After thyroxin treatment, heart MAO increased in young animals but decreased in adult animals. Thyroxin decreased liver MAO in adult animals. Brain MAO remained constant in all experiments, whereas kidney MAO showed a slight decrease after thyroxin injection. In young rats, puromycin did not prevent the increase in heart MAO caused by thyroxin injection. Hydrocortisone did not enhance MAO activity in liver, brain and heart. Of all organs studied, only the heart showed a marked increase of MAO with age. In female rats, thyroxin has little effect on brain and liver MAO, whereas it increases MAO activity in the heart of young and adult animals by 67% and 32% respectively. Adult female rats have twice as much heart MAO as males.

THE SENSITIVITY OF ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS TO GONADOTROPHINS

1954 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANITA M. MANDL
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Normal Reaction ◽  
Normal Response ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

SUMMARY The sensitivity of adrenalectomized, control-operated and unoperated rats to pregnant mare serum (PMS) and chorionic gonadotrophin (CG) has been studied. A total of 638 mature and immature female rats was used. The ovaries of adrenalectomized rats were found to contain fewer large follicles and corpora lutea than those of control-operated litter-mates, and the slight ovarian hypertrophy which occurs after surgical trauma was found to be due to an increase in the number of Graafian follicles and corpora lutea. Further experiment showed that, as judged by the weight of the ovaries, adrenalectomy reduces the ovarian reaction to injected PMS (10 i.u./day) in both adult and immature rats. Replacement therapy with DCA (1 mg/day) failed to re-establish the normal response in adults. Treatment with cortisone (1 mg/day) restored the normal reaction in both adult and immature adrenalectomized rats. Adrenalectomized adult rats responded to injected CG (10 i.u./day) as vigorously as their operated and unoperated litter-mates. On the other hand, immature adrenalectomized animals did not respond fully to CG. Treatment with cortisone again fully restored the normal reaction.

EFFECTS OF NEONATAL EXPOSURE TO MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ON THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF NEURONES IN THE MEDIOBASAL HYPOTHALAMUS, AND ON THE PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE AND PROLACTIN, FOLLOWING STIMULATION OF THE ROSTRAL HYPOTHALAMUS IN ADULT FEMALE RATS

1981 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. SAPHIER ◽  
R. G. DYER
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Mediobasal Hypothalamus ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Rostral Hypothalamus ◽  
Stimulation Of

Action potentials were recorded from 174 neurones in the mediobasal hypothalamus of ovariectomized adult female rats exposed neonatally to monosodium glutamate (MSG) and from 145 neurones in control rats. All of the animals, which were anaesthetized with urethane, had been ovariectomized for at least 3 weeks and received two injections of oestradiol benzoate (20 μg/100 g body weight, i.m.) 72 h and immediately before the recording experiments. The response of each neurone to electrical stimulation of the median eminence and rostral hypothalamus (preoptic and anterior hypothalamic areas; PO/AH) was analysed. The most striking feature of the results obtained was the significant (P < 0·001) loss of inhibitory responses in those neurones remaining in the adult rats after neonatal treatment with MSG. The loss of inhibitory responses applied to both stimulation sites. In each rat the response of one neurone, which was antidromically identified as projecting to the median eminence, was recorded before and during stimulation of the PO/AH at 50 Hz for 30 s in every min for 15 min. Before and after this stimulation blood was collected from a jugular vein for estimation by radioimmunoassay of concentrations of prolactin and TSH. In the MSG-treated rats significantly (P < 0·05) fewer neurones were inhibited by the 50 Hz stimulation than in control rats. In control rats the plasma concentrations of prolactin nearly quadrupled as an immediate consequence of this treatment, whereas in MSG-treated rats plasma concentrations barely doubled. However, in the MSG-treated rats plasma concentrations of prolactin continued to rise after stimulation ceased, possibly as a consequence of enhanced secretion of thyrotrophin releasing hormone.

EFFECTS OF SODIUM PENTOBARBITONE ADMINISTRATION ON GONADOTROPHIN RELEASE, FIRST OVULATION AND OVARIAN MORPHOLOGY IN PUBERTAL RATS

1976 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. OSMAN ◽  
H. M. A. MEIJS-ROELOFS
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Ovarian Morphology ◽  
Ovulatory Process

SUMMARY Pubertal female rats received sodium pentobarbitone (PB; 45 mg/kg body wt) at various hours on the day of first pro-oestrus. Maximal blockade of ovulation, in about 60% of the rats, occurred after PB treatment at 12.00, 13.00 and 14.00 h. The number of small antral follicles (100–499 × 105 μm3) was reduced 1 day after PB treatment in both blocked and ovulating rats. In the ovaries of non-ovulating rats signs of stimulation by LH such as dispersion of cumulus cells, oocyte maturation and early luteinization were sometimes present; in ovulating rats cystic corpora lutea with entrapped ova were found in addition to normal corpora lutea. Gonadotrophin measurements after PB treatment (14.00 h) in pubertal and adult rats showed (at 17.00 h) reduced levels of both LH and FSH, these levels being lower in the adults. Gonadotrophin levels of blocked and ovulating pubertal rats overlapped. In PB-treated, pubertal rats in which ovulation was postponed by 1 day, vaginal oestrus was prolonged by 1 day and the subsequent dioestrus by 2 days. The pubertal rat is thus less sensitive to PB treatment than the adult. PB treatment of the younger animal influences not only the ovulatory process but also follicular growth and, presumably, the length of the approaching cycle.

Postovulatory steroidogenesis after PMS-induced ovulation in immature female rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (3) ◽  
pp. E221-E225 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Taya ◽  
G. S. Greenwald
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Follicular Maturation ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Serum Lh

Thirty-day-old rats given a single subcutaneous injection of 5 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMS) at 0900 h ovulated on the morning of day 33 (= estrus). However, the second ovulation did not occur until 9.4 days later. To determine the mechanism responsible for the delay in the second ovulation, in vivo and in vitro determinations of steroid and peptide hormones were compared between PMS-primed immature rats and adult cyclic rats. In PMS-primed rats, the corpora lutea (CL) produced progesterone for 2 days longer (until day 36) than the CL of the adult rat. Serum levels of 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, testosterone, and estradiol in PMS-primed rats were significantly lower than the corresponding values in adult rats. Serum LH was consistently lower in the PMS-primed rats. An increase in serum FSH occurred on days 36–37, which may be responsible for maturation of the follicles destined to ovulate at the second ovulation. On day 37, the nonluteal ovary of the PMS-primed rats also began to produce in vitro appreciable amounts of testosterone and estradiol. These findings suggest that the greater levels of prolactin and/or low levels of luteinizing hormone during estrus in PMS-primed rats may be responsible for the prolonged secretion of progesterone by the CL. This in turn inhibits follicular maturation, indirectly by lowering serum LH, which is reflected in reduced ability of the follicles in vitro to produce testosterone and estradiol until the CL regress.

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