S1911 Ghrelin Secretion is Altered in Sleep and Enforced Sleep Deprivation in Cirrhosis Compared to Controls: Association With Sleep Disturbances?

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. S-815
Author(s):  
Jasmohan S. Bajaj ◽  
Christine Schubert ◽  
Muhammad Hafeezullah ◽  
Joan A. Pleuss ◽  
Glenn Krakower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Ghrelin Secretion

Sleep, health, and society

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco P. Cappuccio ◽  
Michelle A. Miller ◽  
Steven W. Lockley ◽  
Shantha M. W. Rajaratnam
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Health And Wellbeing

Sleep disturbances are common in modern society. Since the beginning of the century, populations have shown a decline in sleep duration, owing to changes in environmental and social conditions. Industry was the first to appreciate the detrimental effects of sleep disturbances on health and wellbeing. It has taken, however, many decades to understand the implications for individuals and populations of sustained sleep deprivation.

scholarly journals Circadian and sleep/wake-dependent variations in tau phosphorylation are driven by temperature

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Guisle ◽  
Maud Gratuze ◽  
Séréna Petry ◽  
Françoise Morin ◽  
Rémi Keraudren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Tau Phosphorylation ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Hyperphosphorylated Tau Protein ◽  
Phosphatase 2A ◽  
Acute Sleep Deprivation

Abstract Study Objectives Aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Sleep disturbances are common in AD patients, and insufficient sleep may be a risk factor for AD. Recent evidence suggests that tau phosphorylation is dysregulated by sleep disturbances in mice. However, the physiological regulation of tau phosphorylation during the sleep–wake cycle is currently unknown. We thus aimed to determine whether tau phosphorylation is regulated by circadian rhythms, inherently linked to the sleep–wake cycle. Methods To answer these questions, we analyzed by Western blotting tau protein and associated kinases and phosphatases in the brains of awake, sleeping, and sleep-deprived B6 mice. We also recorded their temperature. Results We found that tau phosphorylation undergoes sleep-driven circadian variations as it is hyperphosphorylated during sleep but not during acute sleep deprivation. Moreover, we demonstrate that the mechanism behind these changes involves temperature, as tau phosphorylation was inversely correlated with circadian- and sleep deprivation-induced variations in body temperature, and prevented by housing the animals at a warmer temperature. Notably, similar changes in tau phosphorylation were reproduced in neuronal cells exposed to temperatures recorded during the sleep–wake cycle. Our results also suggest that inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) may explain the hyperphosphorylation of tau during sleep-induced hypothermia. Conclusion Taken together, our results demonstrate that tau phosphorylation follows a circadian rhythm driven mostly by body temperature and sleep, and provide the physiological basis for further understanding how sleep deregulation can affect tau and ultimately AD pathology.

One night of partial sleep deprivation affects habituation of hypothalamus and skin conductance responses

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 1267-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja C. Peters ◽  
Jens Blechert ◽  
Philipp G. Sämann ◽  
Ines Eidner ◽  
Michael Czisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Partial Sleep Deprivation

Sleep disturbances are prevalent in clinical anxiety, but it remains unclear whether they are cause and/or consequence of this condition. Fear conditioning constitutes a valid laboratory model for the acquisition of normal and pathological anxiety. To explore the relationship between disturbed sleep and anxiety in more detail, the present study evaluated the effect of partial sleep deprivation (SD) on fear conditioning in healthy individuals. The neural correlates of 1) nonassociative learning and physiological processing and 2) associative learning (differential fear conditioning) were addressed. Measurements entailed simultaneous functional MRI, EEG, skin conductance response (SCR), and pulse recordings. Regarding nonassociative learning, partial SD resulted in a generalized failure to habituate during fear conditioning, as evidenced by reduced habituation of SCR and hypothalamus responses to all stimuli. Furthermore, SCR and hypothalamus activity were correlated, supporting their functional relationship. Regarding associative learning, effects of partial SD on the acquisition of conditioned fear were weaker and did not reach statistical significance. The hypothalamus plays an integral role in the regulation of sleep and autonomic arousal. Thus sleep disturbances may play a causal role in the development of normal and possibly pathological fear by increasing the susceptibility of the sympathetic nervous system to stressful experiences.

scholarly journals Sleep Disruption Worsens Seizures: Neuroinflammation as a Potential Mechanistic Link

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12531
Author(s):  
Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime ◽  
Helena Zeleke ◽  
Asheebo Rojas ◽  
Claudia Espinosa-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Related Mortality

Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and daytime sleepiness, are common in people diagnosed with epilepsy. These disturbances can be attributed to nocturnal seizures, psychosocial factors, and/or the use of anti-epileptic drugs with sleep-modifying side effects. Epilepsy patients with poor sleep quality have intensified seizure frequency and disease progression compared to their well-rested counterparts. A better understanding of the complex relationship between sleep and epilepsy is needed, since approximately 20% of seizures and more than 90% of sudden unexpected deaths in epilepsy occur during sleep. Emerging studies suggest that neuroinflammation, (e.g., the CNS immune response characterized by the change in expression of inflammatory mediators and glial activation) may be a potential link between sleep deprivation and seizures. Here, we review the mechanisms by which sleep deprivation induces neuroinflammation and propose that neuroinflammation synergizes with seizure activity to worsen neurodegeneration in the epileptic brain. Additionally, we highlight the relevance of sleep interventions, often overlooked by physicians, to manage seizures, prevent epilepsy-related mortality, and improve quality of life.

scholarly journals EPILEPTIC SEIZURE TRIGGERS IN CHILDREN FROM ROMANIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Anca Adriana Arbune ◽  
◽  
Oana Tarta Arsene ◽  
Lacramioara Brinduse ◽  
Dana Craiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Medication Administration ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Neuropsychological Development ◽  
Predicting Factors ◽  
Triggering Factors

Objectives. The identification of the types, characteristics and correlations of epileptic seizure triggers in children with epilepsy from Romania. Material and methods. Transversal observational study on 278 children with epilepsy using the questionnaire method, containing questions regarding seizure characteristics, demographical information and medical history. Results. The lot characteristics were average age 9.74 years; 57.2% males; 19.4% positive epilepsy family history; 48.2% late psychomotor development; 54% deficitary neuropsychological development; 25.2% treatment resistant epilepsies; 59.7% of children had focal epileptic seizures, 35.3% had generalized. Average number of triggering factors was 3 and 20.1% of children had no seizure trigger. The most frequently reported factors were: sleep deprivation 39.57%, anxiety 23%, sleep disturbances 22.66%, fever 20.50%, anger 19%, light stimulation 17.27%, crying 16.19%, interrupting antiepileptic medication administration 14.39%, watching too much TV 14.39%, physical fatigue 12.59%. The number of seizure triggers can be mathematically modelled according to age and treatment resistance. Unresponsiveness to treatment of the epilepsy has a few predictors: timing of the seizure occurrence, imaging alterations, late psychomotor development, IQ, the number of seizure triggering factors. Conclusions. There was at least one seizure trigger identified in 79.9% of children with epilepsy. The most frequent reported trigger was sleep deprivation. The number of seizure triggers can be estimated through mathematical modelling. Treatment resistance of epileptic seizures has more predicting factors.

scholarly journals Sleep disturbances and related occupational diseases in Ukrainian firefighters

2018 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
A. N. Sukholentsev ◽  
A. I. Кraisvitniy ◽  
V. B. Kovalchuk ◽  
V. P. Cherniy ◽  
N. D. Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Rescue Service

Sleep deprivation is one of the main professionally determined factors for firefighters which can decrease their executive functioning and contribute to an array of health problems in them, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and depression mood disorders. The aim of this research is to gather preliminary data regarding the health of Ukrainian, with a focus on sleep quality indicators. Sleep-deprived participants in our research study were identified using such questionnaires as PSQI, ISI, ESS, SSS, FSS, and BQSA. Statistical processing of the data was carried out with the aid of Fisher's exact test, a statistical tool which is widely used in medical researches when the expected numbers are small. The obtained results confirm the presence of certain regularities. First, typical for the firefighting profession sleep disorders were detected among workers of operatively rescue service of Kropyvnitskiy city: including daytime fatigue, low sleep quality, insomnia, apnea, restless leg syndrome, low alertness, daytime sleepiness. Secondly, individuals suffering from sleep deprivation are at a higher risk for developing certain cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, depressive disorders, including increased impulsivity and overall lack of executive functioning. Thirdly, the importance of early detection and treatment for sleep disorders as a protective measure against the development of the aforementioned diseases has been stressed in our study. Sleep hygiene education should be provided to Ukrainian firefighters. It could influence them to make better choices related to their sleep, which would subsequently impact other areas of their health and wellbeing. Annual research studies concerning firefighters' sleep quality should be conducted in Ukraine on a regular basis with the aim to accumulate relevant statistics on the topic under consideration.

Relationships between sleep quality and glucose regulation in normal humans

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (2) ◽  
pp. E261-E270 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Scheen ◽  
M. M. Byrne ◽  
L. Plat ◽  
R. Leproult ◽  
E. Van Cauter
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Glucose Regulation ◽  
Nocturnal Sleep ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Recovery Sleep

To define the effects of sleep on glucose regulation, we analyzed plasma glucose levels, insulin secretion rates (ISR), and plasma growth hormone and cortisol levels in normal subjects receiving a constant glucose infusion during nocturnal sleep, nocturnal sleep deprivation, and daytime recovery sleep. Plasma glucose and ISR markedly increased during early nocturnal sleep and returned to presleep levels during late sleep. These changes in glucose and ISR appeared to reflect the predominance of slow-wave (SW) stages in early sleep and of rapid-eye-movement and wake stages in late sleep. Major differences in glucose and ISR profiles were observed during sleep deprivation as glucose and ISR remained essentially stable during the first part of the night and then decreased significantly, despite the persistence of bed rest and constant glucose infusion. During daytime recovery sleep, SW stages were increased, glucose levels peaked earlier than during nocturnal sleep, and the decreases of glucose and ISR in late sleep were reduced by one-half. Thus sleep has important effects on brain and tissue glucose utilization, suggesting that sleep disturbances may adversely affect glucose tolerance.

scholarly journals Sleep Deprivation from the Perspective of a Patient Hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit—Qualitative Study

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Lewandowska ◽  
Wioletta Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska ◽  
Dorota Pilch ◽  
Krystyna Wach ◽  
Antonietta Fortunato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
Chronic Anxiety

(1) Introduction: Sleep architecture of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients is altered, with over 60% of them reporting sleep disorders or even sleep deprivation during their stay. The aim of the study was to describe the experiences related to sleep and nighttime rest of patients hospitalized in the ICU. (2) Method: the study used a qualitative project based on phenomenology as a research method. A semi-structured interview was used as the method to achieve the goal. The patients’ answers were recorded and transcribed. The data were coded and cross-processed. (3) Results: twenty-three patients were surveyed, fifteen men and eight women. The average age was 49.7 years. The average time of hospitalization was 34.3 days. During the ICU stay, patients required mechanical ventilation through the tracheostomy tube. Five themes were identified from the interview as factors disturbing sleep: fear, noise, light, medical staff, and at home best. (4) Conclusions: chronic anxiety appears to contribute to sleep disturbances in the ICUs, psychological support, and individualized approach to the hospitalized patient seem necessary. By raising the awareness of the essence of sleep among medical staff, environmental factors can be reduced as disturbing sleep. Based on the participants’ comments, it is possible that repeated actions could also increase the patients’ sense of security.

scholarly journals Neural Plasticity Is Involved in Physiological Sleep, Depressive Sleep Disturbances, and Antidepressant Treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Qi Zhang ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Yi-Qun Wang ◽  
Zhi-Li Huang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Low Mood ◽  
Antidepressant Treatments ◽  
Physiological Sleep

Depression, which is characterized by a pervasive and persistent low mood and anhedonia, greatly impacts patients, their families, and society. The associated and recurring sleep disturbances further reduce patient’s quality of life. However, therapeutic sleep deprivation has been regarded as a rapid and robust antidepressant treatment for several decades, which suggests a complicated role of sleep in development of depression. Changes in neural plasticity are observed during physiological sleep, therapeutic sleep deprivation, and depression. This correlation might help us to understand better the mechanism underlying development of depression and the role of sleep. In this review, we first introduce the structure of sleep and the facilitated neural plasticity caused by physiological sleep. Then, we introduce sleep disturbances and changes in plasticity in patients with depression. Finally, the effects and mechanisms of antidepressants and therapeutic sleep deprivation on neural plasticity are discussed.

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