Sleep, health, and society

Sleep disturbances are common in modern society. Since the beginning of the century, populations have shown a decline in sleep duration, owing to changes in environmental and social conditions. Industry was the first to appreciate the detrimental effects of sleep disturbances on health and wellbeing. It has taken, however, many decades to understand the implications for individuals and populations of sustained sleep deprivation. This second edition follows in the footsteps of the first edition published in 2010. It maintains the focus on sleep disturbances as a universal behaviour that affects health and wellbeing in the short and long term, from childhood to adulthood to older age. It provides updates on new topics, such as sleep and cognition, epilepsy, pregnancy, cancer, pain, drowsy driving, built environment, and school times, with historical perspectives and a personal account. It is written in an accessible prose for a general readership, yet maintaining scientific rigour

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534 Food Insecurity and Sleep Health by Race/Ethnicity and Age Group in the United States

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.532 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A211-A211

Author(s):

Nyree Riley ◽

Dana Alhasan ◽

W Braxton Jackson ◽

Chandra Jackson

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

The United States ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

High Food ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Falling Asleep

Abstract Introduction Food insecurity may influence sleep through poor mental health (e.g., depression) and immune system suppression. Although prior studies have found food insecurity to be associated with poor sleep, few studies have investigated the food security-sleep association among racially/ethnically diverse participants and with multiple sleep dimensions. Methods Using National Health Interview Survey data, we examined overall, age-, sex/gender-, and racial/ethnic-specific associations between food insecurity and sleep health. Food security was categorized as very low, low, marginal, and high. Sleep duration was categorized as very short (<6 hours), short (<7 hours), recommended (7–9 hours), and long (≥9 hours). Sleep disturbances included trouble falling and staying asleep, insomnia symptoms, waking up feeling unrested, and using sleep medication (all ≥3 days/times in the previous week). Adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and other confounders, we used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for sleep dimensions by very low, low, and marginal vs. high food security. Results The 177,435 participants’ mean age was 47.2±0.1 years, 52.0% were women, 68.4% were Non-Hispanic (NH)-White. Among individuals reporting very low food security, 75.4% had an annual income of <$35,000 and 60.3% were ≥50 years old. After adjustment, very low vs. high food security was associated with a higher prevalence of very short (PR=2.61 [95%CI: 2.44–2.80]) and short (PR=1.66 [95% CI: 1.60–1.72]) sleep duration. Very low vs. high food security was associated with both trouble falling asleep (PR=2.21 [95% CI: 2.12–2.30]) and trouble staying asleep (PR=1.98 [95% CI: 1.91–2.06]). Very low vs. high food security was associated with higher prevalence of very short sleep duration among Asians (PR=3.64 [95% CI: 2.67–4.97]), Whites (PR=2.73 [95% CI: 2.50–2.99]), Blacks (PR=2.03 [95% CI: 1.80–2.31]), and Hispanic/Latinxs (PR=2.65 [95% CI: 2.30–3.07]). Conclusion Food insecurity was associated with poor sleep in a diverse sample of the US population. Support (if any):

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Characterizing psychiatric hypersomnia on campus: contributions of chronotype, insomnia, and tiredness

10.31234/osf.io/64etq ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Louise Beattie ◽

Georgios Rigas ◽

Stephany Biello

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Young Adults ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Preliminary Report ◽

Severity Index ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Future Studies ◽

Health And Wellbeing ◽

Sleep Propensity

Study Objectives: The sleep of students contains several features rendering it worthy of independent investigation. Sleep duration is an important aspect of sleep health and wellbeing, however the assessment of psychiatric hypersomnia has been hampered by the absence of a single unitary scale of this construct. With the recent publication of the Hypersomnia Severity Index, research can now examine this condition in greater detail.Methods: Here we consider how the candidate variables of sleep propensity, fatigue, chronotype and insomnia may be associated with hypersomnia scores in a sample of 140 students. Results suggest that hypersomnia was significantly predicted by these measures, but not age or gender. We then model a pathway from chronotype to hypersomnia, including these factors as potential mediators.Results: Results suggest that hypersomnia was significantly predicted by these measures, but not age or gender. The proposed pathway from chronotype to hypersomnia warrants further study.Conclusions: Future studies should expand upon this preliminary report and consider longitudinally and prospectively how hypersomnia is linked to poor mental health in well-characterized samples of students and other young adults.

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Assessing Sleep Quality and Its Effects on Academic Performance among University Students

Journal of Sleep sciences ◽

10.18502/jss.v5i2.5614 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Md Moyazzem Hossain ◽

Md Habibur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Modern Society ◽

Primary Data ◽

Subjective Sleep Quality ◽

Learning Abilities ◽

Rest Time

Background and Objective: Insufficient sleep duration as well as quality is becoming endemic in our modern society. The time of going to bed and sleep quality and quantity are linked with students’ learning abilities and academic accomplishment. Therefore, this paper firstly opted to measure the level of sleep quality of the students of Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh, and finally detect the association between quality of sleep and academic achievement among the students. Materials and Methods: The primary data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from 334 students with a response rate about 84 percent during February to March 2019. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure the sleep quality of the students. The percent distribution, descriptive statistics, and multiple regression were employed to identify the influence of the components of sleep quality on academic performance. Results: Only the sleep quality of one-fourth of the students was good. Moreover, sleep duration, subjective sleep quality, and daytime dysfunction were positively related to the academic performance; however, sleep latency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medications, and habitual sleep efficiency were inversely associated with the academic performance of the students. Conclusion: Academic performance of a student was related to the components of sleep quality. Thus, this study indicates that students with poor academic performance have problems regarding sleep issues. Medical advice should be followed to maintain a healthier lifestyle including adequate rest time.

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1159 Sleep Traits And Incident Delirium During A Decade Of Follow-up In 173,000 Participants

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1153 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A442-A442

Author(s):

L Gao ◽

P Li ◽

L Cui ◽

O Johnson-Akeju ◽

K Hu

Keyword(s):

Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Self Report ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Icd 10

Abstract Introduction Delirium is an acute decline in attention and cognition that is with associated long-term cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients. Accumulating evidence points to strong associations between sleep health and disorders of the brain. We tested whether baseline sleep duration, chronotype, daytime dozing, insomnia or sleep apnea predict incident delirium during hospitalization. Methods We studied participants from the UK Biobank who have been followed for up to 10 years until 2017. We included 173,221 participants (mean age 60±5; range 50-71 at baseline) who had at least one episode of hospitalization/surgery and were free from prior episodes of delirium. Delirium diagnosis, hospitalization and surgical events were derived using ICD-10 coding. Multivariate logistic regression models were performed to examine the associations of self-reported baseline sleep duration (<6hrs/6-9h/>9h), daytime dozing (often/rarely), insomnia (often/rarely) and presence of sleep apnea (ICD-10 and self-report) with incident delirium during follow-up. Models were adjusted for demographics, education, Townsend deprivation index, and major confounders (number of hospitalizations/surgical procedures, BMI, diabetes, major cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, major neurological diseases, major respiratory diseases, cancer, alcohol, depression/anxiety, sedatives/sleep aides, antipsychotics, steroids and opioids). Results In total, 1,023 (5.7 per 1,000 subjects) developed delirium. A prior diagnosis of sleep apnea (n=1,294) saw almost a two-fold increased odds (OR 1.96, 95% CI: 1.30-2.30 p=0.001) while those who often had daytime dozing were also at increased risk (OR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.02-1.80, p=0.025). Both these effects were independent of each other. No independent effects on incident delirium were observed from sleep duration, insomnia, or chronotype. Conclusion Certain sleep disturbances, in particular sleep apnea and daytime dozing, are independently associated with an increased risk for developing delirium. Further work is warranted to examine underlying mechanisms and to test whether optimizing sleep health can reduce the risk of developing delirium. Support This work was supported by NIH grants T32GM007592, RF1AG064312, and RF1AG059867.

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Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Sleep Health by Age, Sex/Gender, and Race/Ethnicity in the United States

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17249475 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (24) ◽

pp. 9475

Author(s):

Dana M. Alhasan ◽

Symielle A. Gaston ◽

W. Braxton Jackson ◽

Patrice C. Williams ◽

Ichiro Kawachi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Social Cohesion ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

The United States ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Short Sleep ◽

Neighborhood Social Cohesion ◽

Waking Up

Although low neighborhood social cohesion (nSC) has been linked with poor sleep, studies of racially/ethnically diverse participants using multiple sleep dimensions remain sparse. Using National Health Interview Survey data, we examined overall, age, sex/gender, and racial/ethnic-specific associations between nSC and sleep health among 167,153 adults. Self-reported nSC was categorized into low, medium, and high. Very short sleep duration was defined as <6 hours; short as <7 h, recommended as 7–9 h, and long as ≥9 h. Sleep disturbances were assessed based on trouble falling and staying asleep, waking up feeling unrested, and using sleep medication (all ≥3 days/times in the previous week). Adjusting for sociodemographics and other confounders, we used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for sleep dimensions by low and medium vs. high nSC. The mean age of the sample was 47 ± 0.1 years, 52% of those included were women, and 69% were Non-Hispanic (NH)-White. Low vs. high nSC was associated with a higher prevalence of very short sleep (PR = 1.29; (95% CI = 1.23–1.36)). After adjustment, low vs. high nSC was associated with very short sleep duration among NH-White (PR = 1.34 (95% CI = 1.26–1.43)) and NH-Black (PR = 1.14 (95% CI = 1.02–1.28)) adults. Low nSC was associated with shorter sleep duration and sleep disturbances.

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Sleep Schedule Regularity Is Associated with Sleep Duration in Older Australian Adults: Implications for Improving the Sleep Health and Wellbeing of Our Aging Population

Clinical Gerontologist ◽

10.1080/07317115.2017.1358790 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 113-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jessica L. Paterson ◽

Amy C. Reynolds ◽

Drew Dawson

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Aging Population ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Health And Wellbeing ◽

Sleep Schedule

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699 Sleep Health Traits and COVID-19: Mortality Risk from the UK Biobank

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.697 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A273-A273

Author(s):

Xi Zheng ◽

Ma Cherrysse Ulsa ◽

Peng Li ◽

Lei Gao ◽

Kun Hu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sex Education ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Self Report ◽

Severe Illness ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Sleep Health ◽

The Uk

Abstract Introduction While there is emerging evidence for acute sleep disruption in the aftermath of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is unknown whether sleep traits contribute to mortality risk. In this study, we tested whether earlier-life sleep duration, chronotype, insomnia, napping or sleep apnea were associated with increased 30-day COVID-19 mortality. Methods We included 34,711 participants from the UK Biobank, who presented for COVID-19 testing between March and October 2020 (mean age at diagnosis: 69.4±8.3; range 50.2–84.6). Self-reported sleep duration (less than 6h/6-9h/more than 9h), chronotype (“morning”/”intermediate”/”evening”), daytime dozing (often/rarely), insomnia (often/rarely), napping (often/rarely) and presence of sleep apnea (ICD-10 or self-report) were obtained between 2006 and 2010. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to adjust for age, sex, education, socioeconomic status, and relevant risk factors (BMI, hypertension, diabetes, respiratory diseases, smoking, and alcohol). Results The mean time between sleep measures and COVID-19 testing was 11.6±0.9 years. Overall, 5,066 (14.6%) were positive. In those who were positive, 355 (7.0%) died within 30 days (median = 8) after diagnosis. Long sleepers (>9h vs. 6-9h) [20/103 (19.4%) vs. 300/4,573 (6.6%); OR 2.09, 95% 1.19–3.64, p=0.009), often daytime dozers (OR 1.68, 95% 1.04–2.72, p=0.03), and nappers (OR 1.52, 95% 1.04–2.23, p=0.03) were at greater odds of mortality. Prior diagnosis of sleep apnea also saw a two-fold increased odds (OR 2.07, 95% CI: 1.25–3.44 p=0.005). No associations were seen for short sleepers, chronotype or insomnia with COVID-19 mortality. Conclusion Data across all current waves of infection show that prior sleep traits/disturbances, in particular long sleep duration, daytime dozing, napping and sleep apnea, are associated with increased 30-day mortality after COVID-19, independent of health-related risk factors. While sleep health traits may reflect unmeasured poor health, further work is warranted to examine the exact underlying mechanisms, and to test whether sleep health optimization offers resilience to severe illness from COVID-19. Support (if any) NIH [T32GM007592 and R03AG067985 to L.G. RF1AG059867, RF1AG064312, to K.H.], the BrightFocus Foundation A2020886S to P.L. and the Foundation of Anesthesia Education and Research MRTG-02-15-2020 to L.G.

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A Systematic Review on Cross-Cultural Comparative Studies of Sleep in Young Populations: The Roles of Cultural Factors

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18042005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 2005

Author(s):

Mina Jeon ◽

Dagmara Dimitriou ◽

Elizabeth J. Halstead

Keyword(s):

Cultural Values ◽

Cultural Differences ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Psychological Functioning ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Cultural Factors ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Cross Cultural Differences ◽

Age Related ◽

Systematic Understanding

Recent studies have shown that sleep is influenced and shaped by cultural factors, including cultural values, beliefs and practices. However, a systematic understanding of how cultural factors in countries may influence sleep duration and sleep disturbances is still lacking. Therefore, we focused on a comparison of sleep duration and disturbances in young populations between countries. We report cross-cultural differences between the child, parent and environmental factors, and their association with sleep duration and disturbances. The review is based on literature searches of seven databases published until December 2020. Studies were included if they investigated sleep duration and disturbances of individuals up to 18 years across at least two or more countries. The results of this review have shown that sleep duration and disturbances vary between countries and regions and certain factors (e.g., bedtime routines, sleeping arrangement, physical activity and psychological functioning) have been associated with sleep duration or disturbances. This review also demonstrates that certain factors which were associated with sleep duration or disturbances in one country, were not shown in other countries, suggesting a need for recommendations for age-related sleep duration and sleep interventions to consider cultural differences that influence sleep duration or disturbances in individual countries or regions.

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