Mo1074 THE ROLE OF USTEKINUMAB IN COLORECTAL ADENOMA, SESSILE SERRATED POLYP, AND CANCER INCIDENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. S-779-S-780
Author(s):  
Charles W. McDaniel ◽  
Carol A. Burke ◽  
Benjamin H. Click ◽  
James Bena ◽  
Pooja Lal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Adenoma ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Serrated Polyp

scholarly journals Aromatase and breast cancer susceptibility.

1999 ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
N M Probst-Hensch ◽  
S A Ingles ◽  
A T Diep ◽  
R W Haile ◽  
F Z Stanczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Latina Women ◽  
Repeat Polymorphism ◽  
Cyp19 Gene ◽  
Functional Relevance

Based on experimental and epidemiological evidence it is hypothesized that estrogen increases breast cancer risk by increasing mitotic activity in breast epithelial cells. Aromatase is crucial to the biosynthesis of estrogens and may therefore play a role in breast cancer development. Supporting data for an etiological role of aromatase in breast tumor biology are several-fold. First, the association between weight and postmenopausal breast cancer risk may be mediated by aromatase. Secondly, a pilot study found a higher aromatase expression in normal breast adipose tissue from breast cancer cases as opposed to healthy women. Thirdly, experimental data in animals suggest that aromatase activity predisposes mammary tissue to preneoplastic and neoplastic changes. In a multiethnic cohort study conducted in Los Angeles and on Hawaii we investigated (i) whether the plasma estrone to androstenedione (E1/A) ratio in different ethnic groups was associated with ethnic differences in breast cancer incidence, and (ii) whether genetic variation in the CYP19 gene encoding the P450 aromatase protein was associated with breast cancer risk. The age- and weight-adjusted ethnic specific E1/A ratios x 100 among women without oophorectomy were 7.92 in African-Americans, 8.22 in Japanese, 10.73 in Latinas and 9.29 in non-Latina Whites (P=0.09). The high E1/A ratio in Latina women was not associated with a high breast cancer incidence; in fact Latina women had the lowest breast cancer incidence in the cohort observed so far. We found no consistent association of an intronic (TTTA)n repeat polymorphism with breast cancer risk in different ethnic groups. This polymorphism was not associated with differences in the plasma E1/A ratio in a way that would predict its functional relevance. We describe a newly identified TTC deletion in intron 5 of the CYP19 gene that is associated with the (TTTA)n repeat polymorphism. Neither this polymorphism, nor a polymorphism at codon 264 in exon VII of the CYP19 gene, was associated with breast cancer. We did not identify any genetic variation in exon VIII in 54 African-American subjects. We identified rare genetic variants of unknown functional relevance in the promoter 1.4 of the CYP19 gene in 3 out of 24 Latina women. Further investigation into the role of aromatase in breast cancer etiology is important, given that the potential use of aromatase inhibitors as breast cancer chemopreventives depends on these results.

Rising Cancer Incidence and Role of the Evolving Diet in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey K. Maiyoh ◽  
Vivian C. Tuei
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence

scholarly journals Microcytosis as a risk marker of cancer in primary care: a cohort study using electronic patient records

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (696) ◽  
pp. e457-e462
Author(s):  
Rhian Hopkins ◽  
Sarah ER Bailey ◽  
William T Hamilton ◽  
Elizabeth A Shephard
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Risk Marker ◽  
Patient Records ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Electronic Patient Records

BackgroundMicrocytosis (smaller than normal red blood cells) has previously been identified as a possible early risk marker for some cancers. However, the role of microcytosis across all cancers has not been fully investigated.AimTo examine cancer incidence in a cohort of patients with microcytosis, with and without accompanying anaemia.Design and settingCohort study of patients aged ≥40 years using UK primary care electronic patient records.MethodThe 1-year cancer incidence was compared between cohorts of patients with a mean red cell volume of <85 femtolitres (fL) (low) or 85–101 fL (normal). Further analyses examined sex, age group, cancer site, and haemoglobin values.ResultsOf 12 289 patients with microcytosis, 497 had a new cancer diagnosis within 1 year (4.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.7 to 4.4), compared with 1465 of 73 150 without microcytosis (2.0%, CI = 1.9 to 2.1). In males, 298 out of 4800 with microcytosis were diagnosed with cancer (6.2%, CI = 5.5 to 6.9), compared with 940 out of 34 653 without (2.7%, CI = 2.5 to 2.9). In females with microcytosis, 199 out of 7489 were diagnosed with cancer (2.7%, CI = 2.3 to 3.1), compared with 525 out of 38 497 without (1.4%, CI = 1.3 to 1.5). In patients with microcytosis but normal haemoglobin, 86 out of 2637 males (3.3%, CI = 2.6 to 4.0) and 101 out of 5055 females (2.0%, CI = 1.6 to 2.4) were diagnosed with cancer.ConclusionMicrocytosis is a predictor of underlying cancer even if haemoglobin is normal. Although a benign explanation is more likely, clinicians in primary care should consider simple testing for cancer on encountering unexplained microcytosis, particularly in males.

The expression of frizzled-3 receptor in colorectal cancer and colorectal adenoma.

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 444-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. He ◽  
S. C. Wong ◽  
B. Ma ◽  
S. S. NG ◽  
M. Y. Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Colorectal Adenoma ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Queen Elizabeth Hospital ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Sw620 Cell

444 Background: Wnt signaling is well known for its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) formation through transcriptional activities of nuclear β-catenin. Although activation of Wnt signaling depends on specific Wnt/Frizzled receptors (FZD) combinations, the specificity of the interaction and the role of FZD in that particular interaction are still unknown. Among the 10 Wnt receptors of the FZD protein family, FZD-3 is involved in neurodevelopmental abnormalities and gastric cancer carcinogenesis. However, the expression of FZD-3 in CRC is not clear. Therefore in this study, we examined the expression of FZD-3 in CRC cell lines and CRC patient tissues with various pathological stages. The information obtained will be important for us to understand the role of FZD-3 in the development of CRC. Methods: FZD-3 mRNA expression was studied in CRC metastatic SW620, primary SW480 and normal CCD18co cell lines using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction with primers and a Taqman minor grove binder probe (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA). Moreover, paraffin-embedded specimens of 40 CRC patient tissues, 25 colorectal adenoma (CA) tissues were retrieved from the Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for FZD-3 immunostaining using an anti-FZD-3 antibody (Catalog no: MAB1001, R&D systems Inc., Minneapolis, USA) in an automatic Ventana Benchmark XT immunostainer (Ventana Medical Systems Inc., Tucson, USA). Results: FZD-3 mRNA was up-regulated in metastatic SW620 cell line (fold-change: 622) and in primary SW480 cell line (fold-change: 820) when compared to that in normal CCD18co cell line. Furthermore, immunostaining showed that FZD-3 protein was expressed in 100% (40/40) of CRC specimens and 84% (21/25) of CA specimens. Detailed analysis showed that FZD-3 protein was significantly up-regulated in CRC, CA when compared to their adjacent normal colorectal epithelial tissues (p < 0.0005, Wilcoxon matched pairs test). Conclusions: This study provided evidence that FZD-3 is involved in CRC carcinogenesis and it is a potential therapeutic target in CRC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Cancer incidence increasing globally: The role of relaxed natural selection

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenpeng You ◽  
Maciej Henneberg
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Cancer Incidence

scholarly journals Risk Modification of Colorectal Adenoma by CYP7A1 Polymorphisms and the Role of Bile Acid Metabolism in Carcinogenesis

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsy C. Wertheim ◽  
Jeffrey W. Smith ◽  
Changming Fang ◽  
David S. Alberts ◽  
Peter Lance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Colorectal Adenoma ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Risk Modification

scholarly journals Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome (NBS) is a Telomeropathy: Analysis of Telomere Length in NBS Homo- and Heterozygotes and Humanized Nbs Mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raneem Habib ◽  
Ryong Kim ◽  
Heidemarie Neitzel ◽  
Ilja Demuth ◽  
Krystyna Chrzanowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Genetic Instability ◽  
Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Cancer Rate ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
After Cancer

AbstractThe autosomal recessive genetic disorder Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is characterized by a defect in DNA double-strand break repair protein nibrin and chromosome instability associated with a high predisposition to cancer. Here we hypothesized that impaired nibrin/MRE11/RAD50 telomere maintenance complex may also affect telomere length and modulate the cancer phenotype.Telomere length was studied in blood from 38 homozygous and 27 heterozygous individuals, in one homozygous fetus, and in sex NBS lymphoblastoid cell lines (all with the founder mutation c.657_661del5), and in three humanized Nbs mice, using qPCR, TRF and Q-FISH.Telomere lengths were markedly but uniformly reduced to 20-40% of healthy controls. There was no correlation between telomere length and severity of clinical phenotype or age of death. By contrast, individual patients with very short telomeres displayed long survival times after cancer manifestation. Mildly accelerated telomere attrition was found in older NBS heterozygotes. In the NBS-fetus, the spinal cord, brain and heart had the longest telomeres, skin the shortest. Humanized Nbs mice (with much longer telo-meres than those in human beings) did not show accelerated telomere attrition.Our data clearly show that NBS is a secondary telomeropathy with unique features. Te- lomere attrition in NBS may cause genetic instability and contribute to the high cancer incidence in NBS. On the other hand, short telomeres may prevent an even worse pheno-type when a tumor has developed. These data may help to understand the high cancer rate in NBS and also the bifunctional role of telomere shortening in cancerogenesis.Author SummaryDNA damage is harmful because it leads to mutations in genes that initiate or accelerate cancerogenesis. The devastating consequences of DNA damage are manifested in diseases with non-functional repair pathways such as Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS). A common feature of these diseases is a high tumor incidence. However, cancer incidence varies and is not clear why it is highest for NBS. In a previous study, we have shown that the underlying nebrin mutation not only leads to defective DNA repair but also to higher degree of oxidative stress that generates further DNA lesions. Nibrin may play also an important role in protecting chromosome ends, the telomeres, from inap-propriate DNA repair. Therefore we examined the telomere length in NBS and show markedly reduced values in affected patients but not in NBC mice (with much milder phenotype and longer telomeres). Telomere attrition contributes to genetic instability and may thus contribute to the high cancer incidence in NBS. Individual patients with very short telomeres, however, displayed long survival times after cancer manifestation. Thus, short telomeres may also prevent an even worse phenotype when a tumor has developed. These data are fundamental to understanding the high cancer rate in NBS and also the bifunctional role of telomere shortening in cancer.

scholarly journals Abstract 4638: Colorectal adenoma-to-carcinoma progression: The role of miR-17-92 cluster

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne R. Martens-de Kemp ◽  
Malgorzata A. Komor ◽  
Rosa Hegi ◽  
Marianne Tijssen ◽  
Anne S. Bolijn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Adenoma
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