scholarly journals The 38-amino acid form of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide stimulates dual signaling cascades in PC12 cells and promotes neurite outgrowth.

1992 ◽  
Vol 267 (8) ◽  
pp. 5108-5113
Author(s):  
P.J. Deutsch ◽  
Y Sun
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Pc12 Cells ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Acid Form ◽  
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Amino Acid Form

scholarly journals Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide 38-Mediated Rin Activation Requires Src and Contributes to the Regulation of Hsp27 Signaling during Neuronal Differentiation

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (16) ◽  
pp. 4940-4951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geng-Xian Shi ◽  
Ling Jin ◽  
Douglas A. Andres
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase

ABSTRACT Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 38 (PACAP38) is a potent neuropeptide that acts through G-protein-coupled receptors. While it is well established that PACAP mediates both neurotrophic and neurodevelopmental effects, the signaling cascades that underlie these diverse actions remain incompletely characterized. Here we show that the Ras-related Rin GTP-binding protein, a GTPase that is expressed predominantly in neurons, is regulated by PACAP38 signaling, and loss-of-function analysis demonstrates that Rin makes an essential contribution to PACAP38-mediated pheochromocytoma cell differentiation. Rin is activated following stimulation of both Gsα and Giα cascades but does not rely upon cyclic AMP (cAMP)-, Ca2+-, or Epac-dependent signaling pathways. Instead, Rin is activated in a Src kinase-dependent manner. Surprisingly, Rin knockdown significantly inhibits PACAP38-mediated neurite outgrowth, without affecting mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades. Instead, Rin loss attenuates PACAP38-mediated HSP27 activation by disrupting a cAMP-protein kinase A cascade. RNA interference-mediated HSP27 silencing suppresses both PACAP38- and Rin-mediated neurite outgrowth, while expression of a constitutively active Rin mutant increases both HSP27 protein and phospho-HSP27 levels, supporting a role for Rin-HSP27 signaling in neuronal differentiation. Together, these observations identify an unsuspected role for Rin in neuronal PACAP signaling and establish a novel Gα-Src-Rin-HSP27 signal transduction pathway as a critical element in PACAP38-mediated neuronal differentiation signaling.

scholarly journals Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) and Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) Induce PACAP Expression in PC12 Cells

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Nami Hagihara ◽  
Hitoshi Hashimoto ◽  
Kyohei Yamamoto ◽  
Takashi Fujita ◽  
Norihito Shintani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Pc12 Cells ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase

(S)-2,2,5,5-Tetramethylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid: a compound which exists in the amino acid rather than the zwitterion form

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 2411-2419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Elaine Howard-Lock ◽  
Colin James Lyne Lock ◽  
Philip Stuart Smalley
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Cooh Group ◽  
Infrared And Raman Spectra ◽  
Acid Form ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Amino Acid Form ◽  
C Nmr

The X-ray crystal structure of (S)-2,2,5,5-tetramethylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, 1, has been determined. Crystals are monoclinic, P21, with cell dimensions a = 11.351(4) b = 8.303(2), c = 11.969(3) Å, β = 116.69(2)°, and Z = 4. The structure was solved by standard methods and refined to R1 = 0.0774, R2 = 0.0670 for 2388 independent reflections. Compound 1 exists in the amino-acid form as shown by two distinctly different C—O bond lengths, 1.209 and 1.309 Å, typical of the COOH group, and by the positions of the hydrogen atoms. The amino-acid form of 1 found in the solid also exists in solution as shown by infrared and Raman spectra. The mass spectra, and 1H and 13C nmr spectra are reported, as well as detailed infrared and Raman spectra for the title compound and several deuterated species.

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