Determination of α-dicarbonyl compounds in cigarette smoke

The present study examines the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarettes and sidestream cigarette smoke. Nine PAHs were determined in sidestream cigarette smokes for five types of cigarettes. The volume of the experimental room is approximately 66 m3. The air samples in the room were collected before and after smoking. The total PAH concentrations were approximately 1.0 ng/m3 before smoking, but the median concentration and the range of PAHs were 29.1 ng/m3 and from 7.62 to 57.6 ng/m3 after smoking. The relationship between suspended particulate matter (SPM) and total PAHs after smoking is significant and proportional. This may indicate that the SPM formation is associated with PAH formation during smoking. Furthermore, nine PAHs were determined in the cigarettes. Median PAH contents in the five brands of cigarettes ranged from 221 to 936 ng per cigarette before smoking and from 66.9 to 266 ng per cigarette after smoking. Mean PAH emissions from cigarettes while smoking ranged from 257 to 1490 ng per cigarette. The results show that PAHs in the cigarettes, and those generated during smoking, were emitted into the air.

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Simultaneous determination of volatile organic compounds and carbonyls in mainstream cigarette smoke using a sorbent cartridge followed by two-step elution

Journal of Chromatography A ◽

10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.019 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1314 ◽

pp. 31-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Shigehisa Uchiyama ◽

Takuya Tomizawa ◽

Yohei Inaba ◽

Naoki Kunugita

Keyword(s):

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Simultaneous Determination ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Mainstream Cigarette Smoke

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A murine model of elastase- and cigarette smoke-induced emphysema

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia ◽

10.1590/s1806-37562016000000179 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 95-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Rubia Rodrigues ◽

Clarice Rosa Olivo ◽

Juliana Dias Lourenço ◽

Alyne Riane ◽

Daniela Aparecida de Brito Cervilha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Murine Model ◽

Respiratory Mechanics ◽

Lung Parenchyma ◽

Time Frame ◽

Significant Degree ◽

Mean Linear Intercept ◽

Distal Lung ◽

Intranasal Instillation

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe a murine model of emphysema induced by a combination of exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) and instillation of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE). Methods: A total of 38 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control (one intranasal instillation of 0.9% saline solution); PPE (two intranasal instillations of PPE); CS (CS exposure for 60 days); and CS + PPE (two intranasal instillations of PPE + CS exposure for 60 days). At the end of the experimental protocol, all animals were anesthetized and tracheostomized for calculation of respiratory mechanics parameters. Subsequently, all animals were euthanized and their lungs were removed for measurement of the mean linear intercept (Lm) and determination of the numbers of cells that were immunoreactive to macrophage (MAC)-2 antigen, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12, and glycosylated 91-kDa glycoprotein (gp91phox) in the distal lung parenchyma and peribronchial region. Results: Although there were no differences among the four groups regarding the respiratory mechanics parameters assessed, there was an increase in the Lm in the CS + PPE group. The numbers of MAC-2-positive cells in the peribronchial region and distal lung parenchyma were higher in the CS + PPE group than in the other groups, as were the numbers of cells that were positive for MMP-12 and gp91phox, although only in the distal lung parenchyma. Conclusions: Our model of emphysema induced by a combination of PPE instillation and CS exposure results in a significant degree of parenchymal destruction in a shorter time frame than that employed in other models of CS-induced emphysema, reinforcing the importance of protease-antiprotease imbalance and oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in the pathogenesis of emphysema.

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The Use of Cryogenic Temperature Gas Chromatography for the Determination of Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide in Cigarette Smoke

Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research ◽

10.2478/cttr-2013-0289 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G.P. Morie ◽

C.H. Sloan

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Liquid Nitrogen ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Cryogenic Temperature ◽

Chromatographic Method ◽

Porapak Q ◽

Gas Chromatographic Method

AbstractA gas chromatographic method for the determination of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in cigarette smoke was developed. A column containing Porapak Q packing and a cryogenic temperature programmer which employed liquid nitrogen to cool the column to subambient temperatures was used. The separation of N

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The Determination of Nitric Oxide in Gas Phase Cigarette Smoke by Non-dispersive Infrared Analysis

Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research ◽

10.2478/cttr-2013-0474 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. B. Williams

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Relative Error ◽

Dead Volume ◽

High Yield ◽

Infrared Analysis ◽

Colorimetric Analysis ◽

Standard Gas

AbstractNitric oxide in cigarette smoke was conveniently determined by non-dispersive infrared analysis (NDIR). Recoveries of 95 % were obtained with standard gas-air mixtures but recoveries from smoke increased from 87% for high-yield to 91 % for low-yield cigarettes. Relative error was about 4 %. A reduction in the dead volume of Cambridge filter cassettes, to reduce the amount of NO reacted between puffs, increased NO deliveries of cigarettes by 4%. Deliveries of NO were estimated to average 4 % lower due to oxidation, but reaction with other smoke components reduced them further depending upon concentrations. The NO deliveries of cigarettes increased as blend nitrate increased and as the flow of air around cigarettes decreased. Nitric oxide in smoke and in standard gas-air mixtures, determined by non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopy, was substantiated by an automated colorimetric analysis. Interfering smoke species were determined and circumvented in both methods.

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Determination of Trace Metals in Cigarette Smoke by Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research ◽

10.2478/cttr-2013-0450 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. A. Perinelli ◽

N. Carugno

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Atomic Absorption ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Total Particulate Matter ◽

Flameless Atomic Absorption ◽

Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Quick Determination

Abstract A flameless atomic absorption method has been developed which permits the quick determination of the levels of trace metals in cigarette smoke. The total particulate matter (TPM) was collected by electrostatic precipitation and dissolved in methanol before analysis. In order to trap the last remaining traces of metals, the gas phase was passed through microporous filters which were analysed direct. The sensitivity of this method for the metals studied (Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni) is good in both the particulate and gas phase samples, with the sole exception of Ni in the gas phase. Results obtained by the flame and flameless methods are compared.

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