31P NMR of tissue phospholipids: a comparison of three tissue pre-treatment procedures.

AbstractThe goal of our research is to study the potential treatment options for the relatively contaminated greywater fraction from washing, in order to use this fraction as an alternative water source. During the research to compare the purification efficiency of different greywater treatment solutions we have created a constant composition synthetic laundry greywater, based on tap water, which represents the real laundry water in the terms of quality. As greywater treatment solutions, in terms of physical pre-treatment procedure we used a sand filtering method, and in terms of chemical processes we used coagulation and oxidation. Based on treatment efficiencies, we can say that the treatment procedures can achieve significant quality improvements, but none of the methods can achieve the required cleaning efficiency by itself. In order to reach the optimum quality parameters, the use of combined methods is required.

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Optimum conditions of rice puffing – review

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/3365-cjfs ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

K. Hoke ◽

J. Houšová ◽

M. Houška

Keyword(s):

Optimum Composition ◽

Raw Material ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Dry Heat ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Treatment Procedures

The presented paper reviews the existing literature dealing with rice puffing and optimum conditions of this process. The rice pre-treatment procedures and puffing conditions (dry heat, microwave, gun-puffing) are considered. The optimum composition of the raw material is also mentioned.      

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Investigation of Interfaces Between Steel and Vapor Phase Deposited Tungsten by Optical and Electron Microscopy and by Electron Probe Microanalysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100101724 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 394-395

Author(s):

Karl H. Meyer ◽

Klemens Stulpe ◽

John P. Lehner

Keyword(s):

Vapor Phase ◽

Erosion Resistance ◽

High Temperature Strength ◽

Tungsten Coating ◽

Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽

Operational Life ◽

Expansion Coefficients ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Mechanical Bonds ◽

Treatment Procedures

Specific materials requirements such as high temperature strength in combination with corrosion and erosion resistance and limitations in cost and weight often can only be satisfied when a composite material is utilized. A typical example is shown in the form of a thin tungsten layer deposited by the vapor phase process onto the bore of gun barrels to increase their operational life. Initial attempts to plate 4140 steel resulted in flaking-off of the tungsten coating from the substrate but after development of proper pre-treatment procedures of the substrate and of specified deposition temperature, flow ratios and flow rates, firm mechanical bonds between tungsten and substrate were obtained. Requirements for firm bonds are the absence of surface oxide films, small differences in thermal expansion coefficients, interdiffusion of the two metals into each other and other factors.

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Study on different pre-treatment procedures for metal determination in Orujo spirit samples by ICP-AES

Analytica Chimica Acta ◽

10.1016/j.aca.2008.08.029 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 628 (1) ◽

pp. 33-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Julia Barciela ◽

Manuela Vilar ◽

Sagrario García-Martín ◽

Rosa M. Peña ◽

Carlos Herrero

Keyword(s):

Metal Determination ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Treatment Procedures

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Deferoxamine–paper for iron(III) and vanadium(V) sensing

Chemical Papers ◽

10.1515/chempap-2015-0112 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 69 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Giancarla Alberti ◽

Federico Quattrini ◽

Roberta Colleoni ◽

Valeria M. Nurchi ◽

Raffaela Biesuz

Keyword(s):

Solid Phase ◽

Solid Support ◽

Complete Characterization ◽

Good Sensitivity ◽

Real Samples ◽

Colorimetric Measurements ◽

Colored Complexes ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Treatment Procedures

AbstractThe development of a sensor based on the functionalization of common filter paper with deferoxamine (DFO) is proposed with the prospect to produce a solid phase for iron(III) and vanadium(V) sensing. The main features of this sensor are the simplicity of operation, good sensitivity and feasible applicability to real samples without the need of pre-treatment procedures. DFO was selected not only for it is easily anchored to the solid support, but also because it forms colored complexes with iron(III) and vanadium(V); hence, the developing of a simple colorimetric sensor can be considered. In particular, an innovative and economic way to perform colorimetric measurements using a desktop scanner is described. A complete characterization of the functionalized material is also reported.

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Evaluating nitrite oxidizing organism survival under different nitrite concentrations

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2020.138 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bing Liu ◽

Yifan Li ◽

Jinzhu Wu ◽

Yuanyuan Shao ◽

Feiyong Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reaction Rate ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Dead Cell ◽

Bacterial Survival ◽

Decay Stage ◽

Uptake Rates ◽

Rate Calculation ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Complete Cell ◽

Treatment Procedures

Abstract The objective of this study is to explore the optimal pre-treatment procedures and statistics methods for live/dead bacterial staining using nitrite oxidizing organism (NOO) as the research aim. This staining method was developed and widely utilized to evaluate activated bacterial survival situation, because it is direct and convenience to count live and dead bacteria amount by colour distinguishes (green/red) from pictures taken by microscope. The living cell (green colour) percentage and initial bacterial chemical oxygen demand (COD) could be used for accurate reaction rate calculation at the beginning of tests. While according to the physiological principles, the detection target was limited as the organism has a complete cell shape, that was applicable for the initial phase for decay stage (live cell → particulate dead cell), but it is impossible to evaluate the decayed soluble COD from particulate dead cell during whole reaction. To model the decay stage scientifically, a two-step decay model was developed to cater to the live/dead bacterial staining analysis of biological nitrite oxidizer under inhibition condition of high nitrite concentrations at 35 °C. As results of optimal pre-treatment, a three level ultrasonic wave with 45 seconds was explored, as a reasonable observed picture number, 30 sets with 95% confident interval for datasets statistics was summarized. A set of nitrite oxidizer inhibition test (total CODs and oxygen uptake rates) under high nitrite concentrations was simulated using the above model and obtained experimental schemes. Additionally, the disintegration enhancement from particulate dead cell to soluble COD by nitrite was inspected and modelled on the basis of experimental datasets.

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Rapid Determination of Fumonisin B1 in Food Samples by a Clean-Up Tandem Immunoassay Column

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.1568 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 488-489 ◽

pp. 1568-1573 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yan Wang ◽

Guang He Wu ◽

Wei Sheng ◽

Yan Zhang ◽

Meng Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Limit Of Detection ◽

Rapid Determination ◽

Enzymatic Reaction ◽

Simultaneous Detection ◽

Fumonisin B1 ◽

Food Samples ◽

Promising Tool ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Treatment Procedures

An immunochemistry-based assay for non-instrumental simultaneous detection of fumonisins in food was developed. The method was based upon the direct competitive immuno-reaction and the horse radish peroxidase enzymatic reaction. The assay was developed to show a visual detection result, according to a yes/no response to the LOD of fumonisins. The limit of detection (LOD) was 40 μg L-1. The assay could be accomplished within 15 min in all and 4 min for chromogenic substrate application. The fumonisin contaminations in different kinds of food were analyzed by the proposed method and the results were confirmed by ELISA. Avoiding time-consuming reaction steps and complicated pre-treatment procedures, this assay was demonstrated as a promising tool for on-site sample detections.

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Binary Simplification as an Effective Tool in Metabolomics Data Analysis

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11110788 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 788

Author(s):

Francisco Traquete ◽

João Luz ◽

Carlos Cordeiro ◽

Marta Sousa Silva ◽

António E. N. Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Small Molecules ◽

Background Noise ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Metabolomics Data ◽

Benchmark Datasets ◽

Clustering And Classification ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Treatment Procedures ◽

Better Than

Metabolomics aims to perform a comprehensive identification and quantification of the small molecules present in a biological system. Due to metabolite diversity in concentration, structure, and chemical characteristics, the use of high-resolution methodologies, such as mass spectrometry (MS) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), is required. In metabolomics data analysis, suitable data pre-processing, and pre-treatment procedures are fundamental, with subsequent steps aiming at highlighting the significant biological variation between samples over background noise. Traditional data analysis focuses primarily on the comparison of the features’ intensity values. However, intensity data are highly variable between experimental batches, instruments, and pre-processing methods or parameters. The aim of this work was to develop a new pre-treatment method for MS-based metabolomics data, in the context of sample profiling and discrimination, considering only the occurrence of spectral features, encoding feature presence as 1 and absence as 0. This “Binary Simplification” encoding (BinSim) was used to transform several benchmark datasets before the application of clustering and classification methods. The performance of these methods after the BinSim pre-treatment was consistently as good as and often better than after different combinations of traditional, intensity-based, pre-treatments. Binary Simplification is, therefore, a viable pre-treatment procedure that effectively simplifies metabolomics data-analysis pipelines.

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