Electrochemical identification of metal ions in archaeological ceramic glazes by stripping voltammetry at graphite/polyester composite electrodes

The widely spread use of the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) for multi-ion analysis is primarily ascribed to the following reasons: (i) excellent reproducibility owing to the easy renewal of the electrode surface avoiding any hysteresis effect (i.e., a new identical drop is generated for each measurement to be accomplished); (ii) a wide cathodic potential window originating from the passive hydrogen evolution and solvent electrolysis; (iii) the ability to form amalgams with many redox-active metal ions; and (iv) the achievement of (sub)nanomolar limits of detection. On the other hand, the main controversy of the HMDE usage is the high toxicity level of mercury, which has motivated the scientific community to question whether the HMDE deserves to continue being used despite its unique capability for multi-metal detection. In this work, the simultaneous determination of Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ using the HMDE is investigated as a model system to evaluate the main features of the technique. The analytical benefits of the HMDE in terms of linear range of response, reproducibility, limit of detection, proximity to ideal redox behavior of metal ions and analysis time are herein demonstrated and compared to other electrodes proposed in the literature as less-toxic alternatives to the HMDE. The results have revealed that the HMDE is largely superior to other reported methods in several aspects and, moreover, it displays excellent accuracy when simultaneously analyzing Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ in such a complex matrix as digested soils. Yet, more efforts are required towards the definitive replacement of the HMDE in the electroanalysis field, despite the elegant approaches already reported in the literature.

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Post‐Transition Metal Electrodes for Sensing Heavy Metal Ions by Stripping Voltammetry

Advanced Materials Technologies ◽

10.1002/admt.202100760 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2100760

Author(s):

Jiewei Zheng ◽

Md. Arifur Rahim ◽

Jianbo Tang ◽

Francois‐Marie Allioux ◽

Kourosh Kalantar‐Zadeh

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Transition Metal ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Heavy Metal Ions ◽

Stripping Voltammetry ◽

Metal Electrodes

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Electrokinetic Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Using Permeable Reactive Composite Electrodes

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.361 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 361-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rong Bing Fu ◽

Xin Xing Liu ◽

Fang Liu ◽

Jin Ma ◽

Yu Mei Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Heavy Metal Ions ◽

Metal Removal ◽

Heavy Metal Removal ◽

Ph Control ◽

Electrokinetic Remediation ◽

Composite Electrodes ◽

Remediation Process

A new permeable reactive composite electrode (PRCE) attached with a permeable reactive layer (PRL) of Fe0 and zeolite has been developed for soil pH control and the improved removal efficiency of heavy metal ions (Cd, Ni, Pb, Cu) from soil in electrokinetic remediation process. The effects of different composite electrodes on pH control and heavy metal removal efficiency were studied, and changes in the forms of heavy metals moved onto the electrodes were analyzed. The results showed that with acidic/alkaline zeolite added and renewed in time, the composite electrodes could effectively neutralize and capture H+ and OH- produced from electrolysis of the anolyte and catholyte, avoiding or delaying the formation of acidic/alkaline front in tested soil, preventing premature precipitation of heavy metal ions and over-acidification of soil, and thus significantly improved the heavy metal removal efficiency. Fe0 in composite electrodes could deoxidize and stabilize the heavy metal ions. After that capture and immobilization of the pollutants were achieved. The results also showed that, using "Fe0 + zeolite" PRCE in the cathode with timely renewal, after 15-day remediation with a DC voltage of 1.5 V/cm, the total removal rates of Cd, Pb, Cu and Ni were 49.4%, 47.1%, 36.7% and 39.2%, respectively.

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Stripping voltammetry study of ultra-trace toxic metal ions on highly selectively adsorptive porous magnesium oxide nanoflowers

The Analyst ◽

10.1039/c2an15939b ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 137 (9) ◽

pp. 2183 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

Yan Wei ◽

Ran Yang ◽

Xin-Yao Yu ◽

Lun Wang ◽

Jin-Huai Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metal Ions ◽

Magnesium Oxide ◽

Toxic Metal ◽

Stripping Voltammetry ◽

Toxic Metal Ions ◽

Porous Magnesium ◽

Ultra Trace

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Electrochemistry of vanadium-doped tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO2 attached to graphite/polyester composite electrodes

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry ◽

10.1007/s10008-002-0264-9 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 443-450 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Antonio Doménech ◽

Javier Alarcón

Keyword(s):

Composite Electrodes ◽

Monoclinic Zro2 ◽

Polyester Composite

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Functionalization of PET Track-Etched Membranes by UV-Induced Graft (co)Polymerization for Detection of Heavy Metal Ions in Water

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11111876 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1876 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Maxim V. Zdorovets ◽

Ilya V. Korolkov ◽

Arman B. Yeszhanov ◽

Yevgeniy G. Gorin

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Heavy Metal Ions ◽

Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽

Stripping Voltammetry ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Platinum Layer

Nowadays, water quality monitoring is an essential task since environmental contamination and human exposure to heavy metals increased. Sensors that are able to detect ever lower concentrations of heavy metal ions with greater accuracy and speed are needed to effectively monitor water quality and prevent poisoning. This article shows studies of the modification of flexible track-etched membranes as the basis for the sensor with various polymers and their influence on the accuracy of detection of copper, cadmium, and lead ions in water. We report the UV-induced graft (co)polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and 4-vinylpyridine (4-VPy) on poly(ethylene terephthalate) track-etched membrane (PET TeMs) and use them after platinum layer sputtering in square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SW-ASV) for detection of Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+. Optimal conditions leading to functionalization of the surface and retention of the pore structure were found. Modified membranes were characterized by SEM, FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and colorimetric analysis. The dependence of the modification method on the sensitivity of the sensor was shown. Membrane modified with polyacrylic acid (PET TeMs-g-PAA), poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PET TeMs-g-P4VPy), and their copolymer (PET TeMs-g-P4VPy/PAA) with average grafting yield of 3% have been found to be sensitive to µg/L concentration of copper, lead, and cadmium ions. Limits of detection (LOD) for sensors based on PET TeMs-g-PAA are 2.22, 1.05, and 2.53 µg/L for Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+, respectively. LODs for sensors based on PET TeMs-g-P4VPy are 5.23 µg/L (Cu2+), 1.78 µg/L (Pb2+), and 3.64 µg/L (Cd2+) µg/L. PET TeMs-g-P4VPy/PAA electrodes are found to be sensitive with LODs of 0.74 µg/L(Cu2+), 1.13 µg/L (Pb2+), and 2.07 µg/L(Cd2+). Thus, it was shown that the modification of membranes by copolymers with carboxylic and amino groups leads to more accurate detection of heavy metal ions, associated with the formation of more stable complexes.

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Copper Complexing Capacity and Trace Metal Content in Common and Balsamic Vinegars: Impact of Organic Matter

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25040861 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 861

Author(s):

Sotirios Karavoltsos ◽

Aikaterini Sakellari ◽

Vassilia J. Sinanoglou ◽

Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis ◽

Marta Plavšić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Metal Speciation ◽

Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽

Stripping Voltammetry ◽

Differential Pulse ◽

Transition Metal Ions ◽

Electrochemical Technique ◽

Mass Unit

Complex formation is among the mechanisms affecting metal bioaccessibility. Hence, the quantification of organic metal complexation in food items is of interest. Organic ligands in solutions of environmental and/or food origin function as buffering agents against small changes in dissolved metal concentrations, being able to maintain free metal ion concentrations below the toxicity threshold. Organic matter in vinegars consists of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, Maillard reaction endproducts, etc., capable of complexing metal ions. Furthermore, transition metal ions are considered as micronutrients essential for living organisms exerting a crucial role in metabolic processes. In this study, differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), a sensitive electrochemical technique considered to be a powerful tool for the study of metal speciation, was applied for the first time in vinegar samples. The concentrations of Cu complexing ligands (LT) in 43 vinegars retailed in Greece varied between 0.05 and 52 μM, with the highest median concentration determined in balsamic vinegars (14 μM), compared to that of common vinegars (0.86 μM). In 21% of the vinegar samples examined, LT values were exceeded by the corresponding total Cu concentrations, indicating the presence of free Cu ion and/or bound within labile inorganic/organic complexes. Red grape balsamic vinegars exhibited the highest density of Cu ligands per mass unit of organic matter compared to other foodstuffs such as herbal infusions, coffee brews, and beers. Among the 16 metals determined in vinegars, Pb is of particular importance from a toxicological point of view, whereas further investigation is required regarding potential Rb biomagnification.

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