05/01676 Lord of the winds. New Zealand now host to oneof the largest wind farms in the southern hemisphere

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 248
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Wind Farms

scholarly journals A palaeoenvironmental record of the Southern Hemisphere last glacial maximum from the Mount Cass loess section, North Canterbury, Aotearoa/New Zealand

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Peter C. Almond ◽  
Sándor Gulyás ◽  
Pál Sümegi ◽  
Balázs P. Sümegi ◽  
Stephen Covey-Crump ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Event Stratigraphy ◽  
Westerly Winds

Abstract Calcareous loess in North Canterbury, eastern South Island, New Zealand (NZ), preserves subfossil bird bone, terrestrial gastropods, and eggshell, whose abundances and radiocarbon ages allowed us to reconstruct aspects of palaeoenvironment at high resolution through 25 to 21 cal ka BP. This interval includes millennial-scale climatic variability during the extended last glacial maximum (30–18 ka) of Australasia. Our loess palaeoclimatic record shows good correspondence with stadial and interstadial climate events of the NZ Climate Event Stratigraphy, which were defined from a pollen record on the western side of South Island. An interstade from 25.4 to 24 cal ka BP was warm but also relatively humid on eastern South Island, and loess grain size may indicate reduced vigour of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds. The subsequent stade (24–22.6 cal ka BP) was drier, colder, and probably windier. The next interstade remained relatively dry on eastern South Island, and westerly winds remained vigorous. The 25.4–24 ka interstade is synchronous with Heinrich stade 2, which may have driven a southward migration of the subtropical front, leading to warming and wetting of northern and central South Island and retreat of Southern Alps glaciers at ca. 26.5 ka.

Holocene temperature, humidity and seasonality in northern New Zealand linked to Southern Hemisphere summer insolation

2018 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie van den Bos ◽  
Andrew Rees ◽  
Rewi Newnham ◽  
Marcus Vandergoes ◽  
Janet Wilmshurst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Summer Insolation

scholarly journals Is there any Evidence for Regional Atmospheric 14C Offsets in the Southern Hemisphere?

Radiocarbon ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 2029-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Hogg ◽  
Chris Turney ◽  
Jonathan Palmer ◽  
Ed Cook ◽  
Brendan Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Common Time ◽  
Lagarostrobos Franklinii

Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS) Tasmanian Huon pine (Lagarostrobos franklinii) decadal measurements for the interval AD 745–855 suggest a mean interhemispheric radiocarbon offset (20 ± 5 yr), which is considerably lower than the previously reported mean interhemispheric offset for the last 2 millennia (44 ± 17 yr). However, comparable University of Waikato (Wk) New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis) measurements show significantly higher values (56 ± 6 yr), suggesting the possibility of a temporary geographic (intrahemispheric) offset between Tasmania, Australia, and Northland, New Zealand, during at least 1 common time interval. Here, we report 9 new Wk Tasmanian Huon pine measurements from the decades showing the largest Huon/kauri difference. We show statistically indistinguishable Wk Huon and Wk kauri 14C ages, thus dispelling the suggestion of a 14C geographic offset between Tasmania and Northland.

scholarly journals Sixty years of radiocarbon dioxide measurements at Wellington, New Zealand 1954–2014

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn C. Turnbull ◽  
Sara E. Mikaloff Fletcher ◽  
India Ansell ◽  
Gordon Brailsford ◽  
Rowena Moss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Cape Grim

Abstract. We present 60 years of Δ14CO2 measurements from Wellington, New Zealand (41° S, 175° E). The record has been extended and fully revised. New measurements have been used to evaluate the existing record and to replace original measurements where warranted. This is the earliest atmospheric Δ14CO2 record and records the rise of the 14C "bomb spike", the subsequent decline in Δ14CO2 as bomb 14C moved throughout the carbon cycle and increasing fossil fuel CO2 emissions further decreased atmospheric Δ14CO2. The initially large seasonal cycle in the 1960s reduces in amplitude and eventually reverses in phase, resulting in a small seasonal cycle of about 2 ‰ in the 2000s. The seasonal cycle at Wellington is dominated by the seasonality of cross-tropopause transport, and differs slightly from that at Cape Grim, Australia, which is influenced by anthropogenic sources in winter. Δ14CO2 at Cape Grim and Wellington show very similar trends, with significant differences only during periods of known measurement uncertainty. In contrast, Northern Hemisphere clean air sites show a higher and earlier bomb 14C peak, consistent with a 1.4-year interhemispheric exchange time. From the 1970s until the early 2000s, the Northern and Southern Hemisphere Δ14CO2 were quite similar, apparently due to the balance of 14C-free fossil fuel CO2 emissions in the north and 14C-depleted ocean upwelling in the south. The Southern Hemisphere sites show a consistent and marked elevation above the Northern Hemisphere sites since the early 2000s, which is most likely due to reduced upwelling of 14C-depleted and carbon-rich deep waters in the Southern Ocean. This developing Δ14CO2 interhemispheric gradient is consistent with recent studies that indicate a reinvigorated Southern Ocean carbon sink since the mid-2000s, and suggests that upwelling of deep waters plays an important role in this change.

LICHENS AND LICHENICOLOUS FUNGI NEW FOR ISRAEL AND OTHER COUNTRIES

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.L. Navrotskaya ◽  
S.Y. Kondratyuk ◽  
S.P. Wasser ◽  
E. Nevo ◽  
S.D. Zelenko
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
European Countries ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Lichenicolous Fungi ◽  
First Time

Thirteen lichen species (Arthopyrenia punctiformis, Bactrospora patellarioides, Caloplaca saxicola, C. ulcerosa, Lempholemma chalazanellum, Lichenothelia scopularia, Maronea constans, Micarea nitschkeana, Opegrapha rufescens, O. vulgata var. subsiderella, Physcia caesia, Schismatomma pericleum, and Thelenella modesta), one nonlichenized ascomycetes (Peridiothelia fuliguncta), and 5 species of lichenicolous fungi (Arthonia molendoi, Endococcus parietinarius, Guignardia Olivieri, Opegrapha physciaria, and Zwackhiomyces coepulonus) are recorded as new for Israel. Lichenochora wasseri S.Kondr. sp. nov. from Caloplaca species from Israel and Sweden is described. Lichenochora xanthoriae is reported for the first time from Austria for Europe as well as from Auckland Islands, New Zealand, for the Southern Hemisphere. Seven taxa mentioned (Caloplaca ulcerosa, Endococcus parietinarius, Guignardia olivieri, Micarea nitschkeana, Opegrapha physciaria, Peridiothelia fuliguncta, Zwackhiomyces coepulonus) are reported here for the first time for Asia as well. Guignardia Olivieri is first reported here from some European countries (Finland, Russia, Ireland, Germany, Portugal, Italy, Ukraine), and Zwackhiomyces coepulonus from North America and Africa as well. Synonyms, references to a modern description, ecological peculiarities, locations and dates of collection in Israel, general distribution, as well as taxonomical remarks regarding the foregoing lichens and lichenicolous fungi species are given.

scholarly journals Prochelator tupuhi sp. nov., the first record of Desmosomatidae Sars, 1897 (Crustacea: Isopoda) from New Zealand waters

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1866 (1) ◽  
pp. 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
SASKIA BRIX ◽  
NIEL L. BRUCE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Lateral Lobe ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Family

Prochelator tupuhi sp. nov. is the first record of the genus Prochelator Hessler, 1970 from Southern Hemisphere waters, and the first record of the family Desmosomatidae from New Zealand. The new species can be distinguished from all other species of the genus by the following characters: body elongate, without spine-like ventral elongations on pereonites 1–4, pereonite 1 as high as pereonite 5, mesial lobe of the maxilla much shorter than in the other species of the genus, reaching only half the length of the lateral lobe, carpus of pereopod 1 distinctly produced at the base of the claw, propodus broadest at the articulation to the carpus, tapering distally.

scholarly journals Synoptic climate change as a driver of late Quaternary glaciations in the mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Rother ◽  
J. Shulmeister
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Synoptic Climatology ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Regional Flow ◽  
Quaternary Glaciations ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract. The relative timing of late Quaternary glacial advances in mid-latitude (40-55° S) mountain belts of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) has become a critical focus in the debate on global climate teleconnections. On the basis of glacial data from New Zealand (NZ) and southern South America it has been argued that interhemispheric synchrony or asynchrony of Quaternary glacial events is due to Northern Hemisphere (NH) forcing of SH climate through either the ocean or atmosphere systems. Here we present a glacial snow-mass balance model that demonstrates that large scale glaciation in the temperate and hyperhumid Southern Alps of New Zealand can be generated with moderate cooling. This is because the rapid conversion of precipitation from rainfall to snowfall drives massive ice accumulation at small thermal changes (1-4°C). Our model is consistent with recent paleo-environmental reconstructions showing that glacial advances in New Zealand during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the Last Glacial Interglacial Transition (LGIT) occurred under very moderate cooling. We suggest that such moderate cooling could be generated by changes in synoptic climatology, specifically through enhanced regional flow of moist westerly air masses. Our results imply that NH climate forcing may not have been the exclusive driver of Quaternary glaciations in New Zealand and that synoptic style climate variations are a better explanation for at least some late Quaternary glacial events, in particular during the LGIT (e.g. Younger Dryas and/or Antarctic Cold Reversal).

Correction - The Australasian genera of pericomoid Psychodidae (Diptera) and the status of related Enderlein genera in the neotropics

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
DA Duckhouse
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
New Genera ◽  
The Status ◽  
Taxonomic Problem ◽  
Actual Relationship ◽  
Made In

Australasian pericomoids, psychodids resembling northern hemisphere species of Pericoma Walker (tribe Pericomini), are mostly members of the tribe Maruinini, here re-defined. Amongst Maruinini, they are like several neotropical genera named by Enderlein (1937), but their actual relationship to Enderlein's genera, and hence their identity, has been a long-standing taxonomic problem. Consideration of extensive new collections and observations made in the southern hemisphere now shows that they consist of the following: Genus Notiocharis Eaton. Tribe Maruinini: genus Didicrum Enderlein, and five new genera, Eremolobulosa, Rotundopteryx, Alloeodidicrurn, Satchellomyia and Ancyroaspis. Of these, the Australian Eremolobulosa is the possible sister group of the European Lobulosa Szabo, and the New Zealand genera Satchellomyia and Ancyroaspis are possible sister groups. Of Enderlein's neotropical genera, five classified by Quate (1963) as synonyms, or in one case a subgenus, of Pericoma (Didicrum, Desmioza, Synmormia, Syntomolaba and Podolepria) are recognised as full genera. A key to Australasian pericomoid genera is provided.

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