The Effect of the Dutch Building Materials Decree on the By-Products from Coal-Fired Power Stations

Because the production of aggregates for mortar and concrete is no longer sustainable, many attempts have been made to replace natural aggregates (NA) with recycled aggregates (RA) sourced from factories, recycling centers, and human activities such as construction and demolition works (C&D). This article reviews papers concerning mortars with fine RA from C&D debris, and from the by-products of the manufacturing and recycling processes of building materials. A four-step methodology based on searching, screening, clustering, and summarizing was proposed. The clustering variables were the type of aggregate, mix design parameters, tested properties, patents, and availability on the market. The number and the type of the clustering variables of each paper were analysed and compared. The results showed that the mortars were mainly characterized through their physical and mechanical properties, whereas few durability and thermal analyses were carried out. Moreover, few fine RA were sourced from the production waste of construction materials. Finally, there were no patents or products available on the market. The outcomes presented in this paper underlined the research trends that are useful to improve the knowledge on the suitability of fine RA from building-related processes in mortars.

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Comprehensive Characterization of Agricultural By-Products for Bio-Aggregate Based Concrete

10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.77 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Herinjaka Haga Ratsimbazafy ◽

Aurélie Laborel-Préneron ◽

Camille Magniont ◽

Philippe Evon

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Building Materials ◽

Complete Characterization ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Dry Density ◽

Characterization Methods ◽

Manufacturing Method ◽

West Part ◽

Hemp Shiv ◽

By Products

The valorization of available agricultural by-products is important for the development of bio-aggregate based concretes as eco-friendly solutions for building materials. However, their diversity requires to assess their potential of use in vegetal concretes. This study aims to propose simple and relevant multi-physical characterization methods for plant aggregates. Basic and complementary characterizations were carried out on hemp shiv as a reference plant aggregate, and nine by-products available in the South-West part of France, i.e., oleaginous flax shiv, sunflower pith and bark, coriander straw, wheat straw, wheat chaff, corn shuck, miscanthus stem and vine shoot. The basic characterizations performed were those recommended by the TC-RILEM 236 BBM, i.e., particle size distribution, bulk density, water absorption and thermal conductivity. Complementary characterizations have also been proposed, taking into account the possible environment of the binder and the vegetal concrete manufacturing method. The additional tests developed or adapted from previous research assess the following properties: the content of water-soluble compounds at pH 7 and 12, the dry density of plant aggregates compacted in wet state, the real water absorption after compaction and the compression behavior of these compacted aggregates. This complete characterization highlights the distinct behavior of the different agroresources and allows to correlate these characteristics to the use properties of hardened composites.

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The Latest Research in Mongolia on the Utilization of Coal Combustion By-Products

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.323.8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 323 ◽

pp. 8-13

Author(s):

Jadambaa Temuujin ◽

Damdinsuren Munkhtuvshin ◽

Claus H. Ruescher

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Coal Combustion ◽

Power Plants ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Thermal Power Plants ◽

Power Stations ◽

Thermal Power Stations ◽

Coal Ashes ◽

By Products

With a geological reserve of over 170 billion tons, coal is the most abundant energy source in Mongolia with six operating thermal power stations. Moreover, in Ulaanbaatar city over 210000 families live in the Ger district and use over 800000 tons of coal as a fuel. The three thermal power plants in Ulaanbaatar burn about 5 million tons of coal, resulting in more than 500000 tons of coal combustion by-products per year. Globally, the ashes produced by thermal power plants, boilers, and single ovens pose serious environmental problems. The utilization of various types of waste is one of the factors determining the sustainability of cities. Therefore, the processing of wastes for re-use or disposal is a critical topic in waste management and materials research. According to research, the Mongolian capital city's air and soil quality has reached a disastrous level. The main reasons for air pollution in Ulaanbaatar are reported as being coal-fired stoves of the Ger residential district, thermal power stations, small and medium-sized low-pressure furnaces, and motor vehicles. Previously, coal ashes have been used to prepare advanced materials such as glass-ceramics with the hardness of 6.35 GPa, geopolymer concrete with compressive strength of over 30 MPa and zeolite A with a Cr (III) removal capacity of 35.8 mg/g. Here we discuss our latest results on the utilization of fly ash for preparation of a cement stabilized base layer for paved roads, mechanically activated fly ash for use in concrete production, and coal ash from the Ger district for preparation of an adsorbent. An addition of 20% fly ash to 5-8% cement made from a mixture of road base gave a compressive strength of ~ 4MPa, which exceeds the standard. Using coal ashes from Ger district prepared a new type of adsorbent material capable of removing various organic pollutants from tannery water was developed. This ash also showed weak leaching characteristics in water and acidic environment, which opens up an excellent opportunity to utilize.

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Characterization of Chlorination By-products in Cooling Effluents of Coastal Nuclear Power Stations

Marine Pollution Bulletin ◽

10.1016/s0025-326x(99)00168-x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 38 (12) ◽

pp. 1232-1241 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Anne-Sophie Allonier ◽

Michel Khalanski ◽

ValÉrie Camel ◽

Alain Bermond

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Stations ◽

By Products

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NORM waste, cements, and concretes. A review

Materiales de Construcción ◽

10.3989/mc.2021.13520 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (344) ◽

pp. e259

Author(s):

F. Puertas ◽

J. A. Suárez-Navarro ◽

M. M. Alonso ◽

C. Gascó

Keyword(s):

Natural Radioactivity ◽

Industrial Waste ◽

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Sustainable Construction ◽

Steel Mill ◽

Portland Cements ◽

Iron And Steel ◽

By Products

The use of industrial waste and/or by-products as alternative sources of raw materials in building materials has become standard practice. The result, more sustainable construction, is contributing to the institution of a circular economy. Nonetheless, all necessary precautions must be taken to ensure that the inclusion and use of such materials entail no new health hazard for people or their environment. Due to the processes involved in generating industrial waste/by-products, these alternative or secondary materials may be contaminated with heavy metals, other undesirable chemicals or high levels of natural radioactivity that may constrain their use. In-depth and realistic research on such industrial waste is consequently requisite to its deployment in building materials. This paper reviews the basic concepts associated with radioactivity and natural radioactivity, focusing on industrial waste/by-products comprising Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) used in cement and concrete manufacture. Updated radiological data are furnished on such waste (including plant fly ash, iron and steel mill slag, bauxite and phosphogypsum waste) and on other materials such as limestone, gypsum and so on. The paper also presents recent findings on radionuclide activity concentrations in Portland cements and concretes not bearing NORMs. The role of natural aggregate in end concrete radiological behaviour is broached. The radiological behaviour of alternative non-portland cements and concretes, such as alkali-activated materials and geopolymers, is also addressed.

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NTCC 2017: Long-Term Observation of the Resistance of Novel Hybrid Cement Exposed to Sulphate Solution

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.761.163 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 761 ◽

pp. 163-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michal Bačuvčík ◽

Pavel Martauz ◽

Ivan Janotka

Keyword(s):

Portland Cement ◽

Building Materials ◽

Sodium Sulphate ◽

Sulphate Solution ◽

Cement Clinker ◽

Portland Cement Clinker ◽

Specific Material ◽

Long Term Observation ◽

By Products

This work is aimed to investigate four-years impact of 5 % sodium sulphate solution on the mortar made of novel hybrid cement H-CEMENT, being prepared with maximal content of wastes and by-products and only 20 % wt. of Portland cement clinker, compared to that prepared with the reference CEM I 42.5 N (PC). H-CEMENT for its specific material composition does not meet the criteria for inclusion in the cement kinds reported in EN 197-1 but complies with all of the hygienic regulations and standards imposed on similar building materials.

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