The Role of Knowledge in Discourse Comprehension: A Construction-Integration Model

1991 ◽  
pp. 107-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Kintsch
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Comprehension ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Construction Integration

Failures to Detect Contradictions in a Text: What Readers Believe versus what they Read

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Otero ◽  
Walter Kintsch
Keyword(s):  
Recall Test ◽  
Normal Component ◽  
Discourse Comprehension ◽  
Prior Beliefs ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Construction Integration ◽  
Differential Weighting ◽  
Subsequent Recall

Subjects read brief paragraphs containing contradictory statements. Many of the subjects failed to notice the contradiction. On a subsequent recall test, nondetectors frequently either recalled only one or neither of the contradictory statements or explained the contradiction away. The construction-integration model of discourse comprehension is used to simulate these results. Failures to detect contradictions are accounted for by assuming that nondetectors believe too strongly in the global text interpretations they create or in their prior beliefs. In the model, this means that their comprehension processes are normal, except that one normal component of comprehension—differential weighting of important statements—is exaggerated.

Inference processing in discourse comprehension

2007 ◽  
pp. 342-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Singer
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Discourse Comprehension ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Central Focus ◽  
Construction Integration ◽  
Discourse Understanding ◽  
Inference Processing

Discourse understanding has been systematically studied within the framework of modern cognitive psychology for fewer than forty years. The inferences that accompany discourse comprehension have been a central focus of this field. One reason for this is that virtually every aspect of language comprehension is inferential. This article describes inferential phenomena that involve augmenting explicitly stated discourse ideas with implied concepts and relations. The term “discourse” refers to coherent messages in either of these modalities. In practice, however, a majority of the research has scrutinised reading comprehension. It is also noted that researchers have inspected numerous genres of discourse, including narratives, expositions, recipes, instruction lists, and poetry. The article first discusses the construction-integration model of inference processing in discourse comprehension, coherence and its impact on inference processing, and elaborative inferences.

scholarly journals Alterations in heart-brain interactions under mild stress during a cognitive task are reflected in entropy of heart rate dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Blons ◽  
Laurent M. Arsac ◽  
Pierre Gilfriche ◽  
Heather McLeod ◽  
Veronique Lespinet-Najib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Heart Rate Dynamics ◽  
Healthy Participants

AbstractMany people experience mild stress in modern society which raises the need for an improved understanding of psychophysiological responses to stressors. Heart rate variability (HRV) may be associated with a flexible network of intricate neural structures which are dynamically organized to cope with diverse challenges. HRV was obtained in thirty-three healthy participants performing a cognitive task both with and without added stressors. Markers of neural autonomic control and neurovisceral complexity (entropy) were computed from HRV time series. Based on individual anxiety responses to the experimental stressors, two subgroups were identified: anxiety responders and non-responders. While both vagal and entropy markers rose during the cognitive task alone in both subgroups, only entropy decreased when stressors were added and exclusively in anxiety responders. We conclude that entropy may be a promising marker of cognitive tasks and acute mild stress. It brings out a new central question: why is entropy the only marker affected by mild stress? Based on the neurovisceral integration model, we hypothesized that neurophysiological complexity may be altered by mild stress, which is reflected in entropy of the cardiac output signal. The putative role of the amygdala during mild stress, in modulating the complexity of a coordinated neural network linking brain to heart, is discussed.

scholarly journals Migrant enclaves: disempowering economic ghettos or sanctuaries of opportunities for migrants?

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-437
Author(s):  
Dieu Hack-Polay
Keyword(s):  
Community Support ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Community Networks ◽  
Ethnic Enclaves ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
Duality Approach ◽  
The One

Purpose This paper aims to examine the migrant dilemma about operating extensively in migrant enclaves vs integration in host communities. Design/methodology/approach The paper is a critical literature review contrasting views and perspectives of the role of migrant enclaves in migrant integration and contribution in new societies. Research in the area of ethnic enclaves has been polarised: on the one hand, the optimists argue the critical benefits of migrant and ethnic community networks, thus downplaying potential drawbacks of such networks and the disadvantage externally imposed on migrants; on the other hand, the pessimists overemphasise the disadvantages of ethnic enclaves, portraying them as ghettos of alienation. Findings Based on the social solidarity integration model and immigrant-host and social interaction theory, the paper posits that migrant community networks could intentionally or unintentionally engender cultural alienation, worsening an already precarious educational, cultural and economic exclusion. Thus, migrants could remain in lower societal roles and experience limited upward social mobility if they operate exclusively within migrant and ethnic networks. However, ethnic enclaves, at the same time, offer the initial psychological nurturing on which future successful socialisation work with migrant communities can be built. Research limitations/implications From a research angle, the theorisation of migrant enclave requires a new approach, which identifies dynamism and contextualisation as central to the debate. Practical implications From a policy perspective, the research suggests the rethinking of the role of community support systems (and the wider enclave debate). The organisational implications the research suggests a shift of the organisational paradigm in the way migrant organisations manage themselves and support members in the enclave. Originality/value This paper’s contribution is to take a duality approach to studying the ethnic enclave and posits that this will engender effective social policy that helps reduce economic inequality.

Theoretical Perspectives on Listening

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Language Skills ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Discourse Comprehension ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Research into listening over the past three decades has, above all, highlighted the fundamental intricacy of the processes involved. In order to make sense of spoken messages, listeners may need to integrate information from a range of sources: phonetic, phonological, prosodic, lexical, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic. The fact that we achieve all this in real time as the message unfolds makes listening “complex, dynamic, and fragile” (Celce-Murcia 1995:366). In this review I consider research into four aspects of these complexities: processes (e.g., speech recognition, discourse comprehension, and memory); the role of context; factors influencing listening; and the relationship of listening with other language skills. Finally I suggest likely directions for future research into listening.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document