Theoretical Perspectives on Listening

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Language Skills ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Discourse Comprehension ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Research into listening over the past three decades has, above all, highlighted the fundamental intricacy of the processes involved. In order to make sense of spoken messages, listeners may need to integrate information from a range of sources: phonetic, phonological, prosodic, lexical, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic. The fact that we achieve all this in real time as the message unfolds makes listening “complex, dynamic, and fragile” (Celce-Murcia 1995:366). In this review I consider research into four aspects of these complexities: processes (e.g., speech recognition, discourse comprehension, and memory); the role of context; factors influencing listening; and the relationship of listening with other language skills. Finally I suggest likely directions for future research into listening.

scholarly journals Tocopherols and Tocotrienols—Bioactive Dietary Compounds; What Is Certain, What Is Doubt?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6222
Author(s):  
Kacper Szewczyk ◽  
Aleksandra Chojnacka ◽  
Magdalena Górnicka
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Tocopherols and tocotrienols are natural compounds of plant origin, available in the nature. They are supplied in various amounts in a diet, mainly from vegetable oils, some oilseeds, and nuts. The main forms in the diet are α- and γ-tocopherol, due to the highest content in food products. Nevertheless, α-tocopherol is the main form of vitamin E with the highest tissue concentration. The α- forms of both tocopherols and tocotrienols are considered as the most metabolically active. Currently, research results indicate also a greater antioxidant potential of tocotrienols than tocopherols. Moreover, the biological role of vitamin E metabolites have received increasing interest. The aim of this review is to update the knowledge of tocopherol and tocotrienol bioactivity, with a particular focus on their bioavailability, distribution, and metabolism determinants in humans. Almost one hundred years after the start of research on α-tocopherol, its biological properties are still under investigation. For several decades, researchers’ interest in the biological importance of other forms of vitamin E has also been growing. Some of the functions, for instance the antioxidant functions of α- and γ-tocopherols, have been confirmed in humans, while others, such as the relationship with metabolic disorders, are still under investigation. Some studies, which analyzed the biological role and mechanisms of tocopherols and tocotrienols over the past few years described new and even unexpected cellular and molecular properties that will be the subject of future research.

Fire, people and ecosystem change in Pleistocene Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Ecosystem Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Since the 1960s, Australian scientists have speculated on the impact of human arrival on fire regimes in Australia, and on the relationship of landscape fire to extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna of Australia. These speculations have produced a series of contrasting hypotheses that can now be tested using evidence collected over the past two decades. In the present paper, I summarise those hypotheses and review that evidence. The main conclusions of this are that (1) the effects of people on fire regimes in the Pleistocene were modest at the continental scale, and difficult to distinguish from climatic controls on fire, (2) the arrival of people triggered extinction of Australia’s megafauna, but fire had little or no role in the extinction of those animals, which was probably due primarily to hunting and (3) megafaunal extinction is likely to have caused a cascade of changes that included increased fire, but only in some environments. We do not yet understand what environmental factors controlled the strength and nature of cascading effects of megafaunal extinction. This is an important topic for future research.

scholarly journals The Moderating Role of Intellectual Capital between Relationship of Bank Specific Factors and Credit Risk of Islamic Banks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nawaz ◽  
Alias Mat Nor ◽  
Habibah Tolos
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose-The Objective of this study is to investigate the moderating role of Intellectual Capital between the relationship of Bank internal factor and Credit Risk in Islamic banks of Pakistan. Design/Methodology-Panel data are obtained from annual reports of 4 Islamic banks of Pakistan from the period 2006 to 2017. These are analyzed using hierarchical regression techniques, via Eviews 9 software. Findings-The results showed that intellectual capital significantly moderates the relationship of bank internal variable and credit risk in Islamic banks in Pakistan. Practical Implications-The study found that Intellectual Capital is a very important driver for credit risk. The investment in Intellectual Capital may lower the credit risk which will further help in the growth and sustainability of the bank and hence the growth in the economy. The results of the study will be useful for bank management, policy maker, and regulator and academia for future research.

Virtual Reality from the Standpoint of Complexity Science

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-260
Author(s):  
Helena Knyazeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The Past ◽  
Extended Approach ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
The Future ◽  
Latent Potential ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

An extended approach to the comprehension of virtual reality is developed in the article. Virtual reality is understood not only as a logically possible or cybernetically constructed reality but also as continuous turbulence of potencies of the complex natural and social world we live in, the wandering of complex systems and organizations over a field of possibilities, such a realization of forms and structures in which many formations remain in latent, potential forms, and are in the permanent process of making and multiplying a spectrum of possibilities, lead to the growth of the evolutionary tree of paths of development. It is shown that such an understanding of virtual reality corresponds to concepts and notions developed in the modern science of complexity. The most significant concepts are considered, such as the nonlinearity of time, the relationship of space and time, the uncertainty of the past and the openness of the future, the choice and construction of the future at the moments of passing the bifurcation points. Some cultural and historical prototypes of these modern ideas of virtual reality are given. It is substantiated that the vision of virtual reality being developed today can play the role of a heuristic tool for understanding the functioning and stimulation of human creativity.

Teacher Leadership

2015 ◽  
pp. 257-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Servet Özdemir ◽  
Ali Çağatay Kılınç
Keyword(s):  
School Improvement ◽  
Teacher Leadership ◽  
School Context ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter focuses on teacher leadership, an important variable in the classroom and school improvement literature. The concept of teacher leadership has attracted increased attention in the past two decades. Teachers are assuming more responsibility for leadership roles and functions within schools. Despite the considerable amount of scholarly effort and time spent on investigating the teacher leadership concept, less is known about how it flourishes in the school context and how it relates to classroom and school improvement. Therefore, this chapter tries to shed some light on the teacher leadership concept and discusses its meaning, teacher leadership roles, factors influencing teacher leadership, the relationship between teacher leadership and classroom and school improvement, and future research areas on teacher leadership. Offering a framework for teacher leadership, this chapter is expected to contribute well to the guidance of further research on teacher leadership.

scholarly journals A Review of the Concepts and Measurements for Connection to Nature and Environmentally Responsible Behaviour—a Call for Research on Human-Forest Relationships

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-338
Author(s):  
Liina Häyrinen ◽  
Sari Pynnönen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Connection To Nature ◽  
Environmental Behaviour ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmentally Responsible ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose of Review The review examines recent scientific discussion on the concepts and measurements of human connection to nature (CTN) and pro-environmental behaviour (PEB). In addition to that, we explore the environmental contexts in which study populations are exposed to nature or nature experiences, particularly the contexts in which forests emerge from these studies, and lastly outline gaps in research. Recent Findings Outlining the association between CTN and PEB has been widely researched over the past 5 years. The concepts and measurements referring to these terms vary, but a few commonly used concepts were identified. The review classifies the approaches used for exploring the relationship between CTN and PEB into four categories. The review indicates that the interconnection between CTN and PEB is mostly studied as a part of the wider concept. Approximately half of the reviewed articles explored the actual exposure to some natural environment or nature activity either directly or indirectly. Forests only played a small role as a natural environment in the reviewed articles. Summary Forests appear to be of very little weight or under-represented in CTN and PEB literature as an explicitly identified natural environment. Results also indicate that the human-forest relationship has not been defined precisely in empirically based scientific literature. The paper discusses implications for the future research focusing on emphasizing the role of forests as natural environments in the research of CTN and PEB.

scholarly journals HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: The Relationship of HIV Infection with Physical and Social Comorbidities

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen M. Tedaldi ◽  
Nancy L. Minniti ◽  
Tracy Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The prevalence of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) will undoubtedly increase with the improved longevity of HIV-infected persons. HIV infection, itself, as well as multiple physiologic and psychosocial factors can contribute to cognitive impairment and neurologic complications. These comorbidities confound the diagnosis, assessment, and interventions for neurocognitive disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of several key comorbid factors that may contribute significantly to the development and progression of HIV-related neurocognitive impairment, as well as the current status of diagnostic strategies aimed at identifying HIV-infected individuals with impaired cognition and future research priorities and challenges.

scholarly journals Relationship of Personality Traits and Gender Role Attitudes: A Comparison of Traditional and non- Traditional Professionals

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
Khaizran Zahra ◽  
Rubina Hanif .
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study was conducted to examine the relationship of personality traits (i.e., dominance, self-acceptance, self-control, flexibility, sociability, capacity for status and communality) and Gender Role attitudes among professionals of traditional and non-traditional occupations using selected scales from Urdu Version of California Personality Inventory (CPI) and Gender Role Attitudes Scale. A sample of 152 professionals from traditional and non-traditional occupations (criteria of defining traditional and nontraditional professions were based on literature). The findings suggested positive relationship among personality traits and gender role attitudes. The linear Regression analysis showed predicting role of personality traits for gender role attitudes. The significant differences were found on personality traits, gender role attitudes among traditional and non-traditional professionals, and gender as well. In addition, implications and limitations, as well as directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals INTENTION TO CONTINUE PARTICIPATING: SYSTEM INTERACTIVITY, VIRTUAL SITES, COMMUNITY COMMITMENT IN ONLINE HIJABS COMMUNITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
Nindria Untarini ◽  
◽  
Teofilus Teofilus ◽  
Timotius F.C.W Sutrisno ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Community ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Marketing Theory ◽  
Member Commitment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Intention To Continue ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to examine system interactivity affecting member commitment and intention to continue participating in the online hijabs community. At the same time, testing how the role of virtual sites in the form of posting in strengthening the relationship (moderate) system interactivity to continue to participate in the online hijabs community. An online hijabs community was researched because the problem observed in the research was relevant to the virtual community. Based on 358 valid responses from students in Surabaya who actively joined the online hijabs community obtained from questionnaires at each university in Surabaya, structural equations modeling (SEM) was used to test the research model. The results show that system interactivity affects commitment to the community, but does not affect the intentions of members to continue their participation in online hijabs communities. Likewise, commitment to the community does not stimulate the intentions of members to remain actively participating in online hijabs communities. Although, an interesting form of posting can strengthen the system’s interactivity relationship of members’ intentions to continue their participation in online communities. Implications for both marketing theory and practice, limitations, and future research on video storytelling in social media are discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of Execution Planning on Agile Project Success with Mediating and Moderating Mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S) ◽  
pp. 668-672
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Project Success ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Agile Methodology ◽  
Organization Effectiveness ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The present study investigated the impact of execution planning on agile project success with the mediating role of information sharing and moderating role of organization effectiveness because of the highlighted importance of agile methodology in the project industry due to its interactive customer collaborative approach. For this purpose, data were collected from software industry in Pakistan who utilize agile methodology in their projects. 300 completed questionnaires were received from the distributed and 280 were utilized for data analysis. The results delineated that execution planning has positive and significant relationship with agile project success. Similarly, the results indicated that information sharing mediates the relationship between execution planning and agile project success. Furthermore, the data showed that organization effectiveness moderates the relationship of execution planning and information sharing. Lastly, we conclude with theoretical and practical implications as well as future research directions.

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