Biologically active polymers: synthesis and antimicrobial activity of modified glycidyl methacrylate polymers having a quaternary ammonium and phosphonium groups

1998 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Kenawy
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Methacrylate Polymers

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Bark and Leaf Extracts of Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus phoenicea Grown in Al- Jabel Al-Akhdar Region, Libya

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-279
Author(s):  
Mohamed E.I. Badawy ◽  
Ibrahim E.A. Kherallah ◽  
Ahmed S.O. Mohareb ◽  
Mohamed. Z.M. Salem ◽  
Hameda A. Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Juniperus Phoenicea ◽  
The Impact

Background:Plant extracts are important products in the world and have been widely used for isolation of important biologically active products. Because of their significant environmental impact, extensive research has been explored to determine the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts.Methods:Acetone extracts of the bark and leaf of Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus phoenicea, collected from three different altitudes (125, 391, and 851 m high of sea level) at Al- Jabel Al-Akhdar area, Libya were obtained and analyzed by GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was further evaluated against plant bacteria Rhizobium radiobacter, Erwinia carotovora, Rhodococcus fascians and Ralstonia solanacearum and fungus Botrytis cinerea.Results:The impact of the altitude from the sea level on the quantity and chemical constituents of the extracts was investigated. The yield was largely dependent on tree species and the highest yield (6.50%) was obtained with C. sempervirens L bark of altitude III (851 m of the sea level), while the lowest (1.17%) was obtained with the leaf extract of C. sempervirens L from altitude I (125 m). The chemical composition analyzed by GC/MS confirmed that the leaf extracts of C. sempervirens and J. phoenicea contained a complex mixture of monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, diterpenoids, terpenophenolic, steroids and phthalates. However, the bark extracts of both trees contained a mixture of sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, diterpenoids, terpenophenolics, phthalates, retinol and steroids. These constituents revealed some variability among the extracts displaying the highest interesting chemotype of totarol (terpenophenolic) in all extracts (14.63-78.19% of the total extract). The extracts displayed a noteworthy antifungal potency with varying degrees of inhibition of growth with EC50 values ranged from 78.50 to 206.90 mg/L. The extracts obtained from the leaves of C. sempervirens showed that the highest inhibitory activity was obtained with the extract of altitude II (391 m) with MIC 565, 510, 380 and 710 mg/L against E. carotovora, R. fascians, and R. radiobacter and R. solanacearum, respectively.Conclusion:Based on antimicrobial activity, raw plant extracts can be a cost-effective way to protect crops from microbial pathogens. Because plant extracts contain several antimicrobial compounds, the development of resistant pathogens can be delayed.

scholarly journals From antimicrobial activity to mechanism of resistance: the multifaceted role of simple quaternary ammonium compounds in bacterial eradication

Tetrahedron ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (25) ◽  
pp. 3559-3566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin P.C. Minbiole ◽  
Megan C. Jennings ◽  
Laura E. Ator ◽  
Jacob W. Black ◽  
Melissa C. Grenier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Bacterial Eradication ◽  
Mechanism Of Resistance ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

scholarly journals Primary Structure Analysis of Antifungal Peptides from Cultivated and Wild Cereals

Plants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Rogozhin ◽  
Dmitry Ryazantsev ◽  
Alexey Smirnov ◽  
Sergey Zavriev
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Primary Structure ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Wild Cereals ◽  
Determining Factor

Cereal-derived bioactive peptides with antimicrobial activity have been poorly explored compared to those from dicotyledonous plants. Furthermore, there are a few reports addressing the structural differences between antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from cultivated and wild cereals, which may shed light on significant varieties in the range and level of their antimicrobial activity. We performed a primary structure analysis of some antimicrobial peptides from wild and cultivated cereals to find out the features that are associated with the much higher antimicrobial resistance characteristic of wild plants. In this review, we identified and analyzed the main parameters determining significant antifungal activity. They relate to a high variability level in the sequences of C-terminal fragments and a high content of hydrophobic amino acid residues in the biologically active defensins in wild cereals, in contrast to AMPs from cultivated forms that usually exhibit weak, if any, activity. We analyzed the similarity of various physicochemical parameters between thionins and defensins. The presence of a high divergence on a fixed part of any polypeptide that is close to defensins could be a determining factor. For all of the currently known hevein-like peptides of cereals, we can say that the determining factor in this regard is the structure of the chitin-binding domain, and in particular, amino acid residues that are not directly involved in intermolecular interaction with chitin. The analysis of amino acid sequences of alpha-hairpinins (hairpin-like peptides) demonstrated much higher antifungal activity and more specificity of the peptides from wild cereals compared with those from wheat and corn, which may be associated with the presence of a mini cluster of positively charged amino acid residues. In addition, at least one hydrophobic residue may be responsible for binding to the components of fungal cell membranes.

scholarly journals Detection and antimicrobial activity of immobilized quaternary ammonium antimicrobial monolayers on porous and non-porous surfaces.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukasz Porosa
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Metal Surfaces ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Surface Attachment ◽  
Thin Film Coatings

This research describes the development of novel, environmentally-friendly, non-releasing contact-active thin film coatings by immobilizing the quaternary ammonium (QA) antimicrobial group on a multitude of surfaces. Various chemical anchors based on organosilanes (i.e. textiles, silica, oxide surfaces), organosulfur comprising of thiol (noble metals), organophosphorus comprising of phosphonate and phosphonic acid (i.e. stainless steel (SS), titanium (Ti)), and catechol (Ti, SS) monolayers are employed to attach the QA antimicrobial onto metal surfaces, while benzophenone photoactive crosslinkers containing QA groups are used to coat plastic surfaces (C-H surfaces, i.e. polyethylene (PE), silicone (Si), polyvinylchloride (PVC)). Surfaces treated with covalently attached antimicrobial coatings function by killing microbes on contact, preventing surface attachment, colonization and contamination without releasing the chemical into the environment. The advantages of this method of delivery of the antimicrobial include a lower cost of application, decreased antimicrobial resistance, lower toxicity and increased environmental safety. Samples prepared by an overnight immersion in an ethanolic solution of phosphorus containing quats followed by an overnight cure at 100oC showed the highest antimicrobial reduction versus electrospray application and no curing. Short chain phosphonic acid quats and the organosilane quat were inactive on titanium. Antimicrobial activity of long chain phosphonate quats prepared by dip coating and annealing on metal surfaces (Ti, SS, Al) was tested by growth enumeration in the dry state utilizing methods developed in the Wolfaardt lab. All samples showed a 100% reduction (106 cells) of viable Salmonella, Arthrobacter, S.aureus and P.aeroguinosa after 2 hrs of contact time and maintained their activity over 24 hrs versus the uncoated controls. To demonstrate the phosphonate quats were truly immobilized, Ti samples from the first trial were washed in distilled H2O, dried, and re-innoculated with 106 Anthrobacter colonies. No visible colonies of Anthrobacter remained after 2 hrs of contact time with the Ti surfaces indicating a contact killing mechanism at play.

scholarly journals The Search for Biologically Active Compounds in the Series of N-ethoxyethylpiperidine Derivatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
U.B. Issayeva ◽  
G.S. Akhmetova ◽  
U.M. Datkhayev ◽  
M.T. Omyrzakov ◽  
K.D. Praliyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Acylation Reaction ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Cyclopropanecarboxylic Acid ◽  
Yeast Fungus ◽  
Acid Esters

With the aim to introduce fragment of cyclopropane and fragments of p-, m-, o-fluorophenyls into the structures of N-ethoxyethylpiperidines, acylation of oxime and phenylacetylenic alcohol of 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-4-ketopiperidine by cyclopropanecarbonylchloride was carried out; on the basis of 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-4-ethynyl-4-hydroxypiperidine (cascaine alcohol), acylation by 4-fluoro-, 3-fluoro-, 2-fluorobenzoylchlorides was carried out with formation of the corresponding piperidine containing hydrochlorides of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid esters and para-, meta-, ortho-fluorobenzoic esters. Acylation reaction on the hydroxyl group of compounds is carried out in absolute dioxane, the acylating agents are cyclopropanecarbonylchloride, p-, m-, o-fluorobenzoyl chlorides taken in excess. The obtained esters of cyclopropanecarboxylic and para-, meta-, ortho-fluorobenzoic acids are crystalline substances with a clear melting point, well soluble in water, ethanol, acetone. P-fluorobenzoates are obtained with better yields, m-fluorobenzoates occupy an intermediate position, and o-fluorobenzoates are formed with the lowest yields. The best yields of fluorobenzoates are obtained using dioxane as a solvent. Para-, meta-, ortho-fluorobenzoic esters of 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-4-ethynyl-4-hydroxypiperidine coded A-4 – A-6 were studied for the presence of antimicrobial activity, the actions of these preparations were evaluated in vitro in relation to strains of gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, gram-negative strains of Escheriсhia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to yeast fungus Сandida albicans by the diffusion method into agar (holes). Introduction of fluorine atom into the structure of cascaine lead to manifestation of antimicrobial activity.

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