Phyto-Nanofabrication

Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles through natural entities (i.e., bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast, fungus, microalgae, seaweed, plants, and plant-derived materials) has become an advantageous and ecofriendly approach. However, phytocompounds of plant extract have achieved huge attention since by utilizing them high yield NPs with desirable size and shape, which can be produced through single-step synthesis scheme. Plants retain diverse biochemicals that exhibit strong hyper-accumulating potential, crucial for metallic ion reduction to metallic NPs, like platinum, gold, silver, titanium oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, palladium, etc. Here, previously published studies were reviewed for providing the latest scientific evidence on biosynthesis of metal and metal oxide NPs using different plant materials, especially medicinal plants and food and agro-wastes.

The Effects of Pulsed UV Light Implementation on the Preservation Duration of Şavak Cheese Made from Raw Milk

This study aimed to investigate the effect of pulsed UV light on the the preservation of the Şavak cheese. In this study, the samples of Savak cheese (average 2 cm) that were produced from raw milk were exposed to two-sided pulsed UV light. The microbial analysis (enterobacteria, psychrophilic aerob, lactic acid, sulphate reducing bacteria, S.aureus and yeast-fungus) and chemical analysis (acidity, pH and the number of thiobarbituric acid) of şavak cheese were performed during storage time (25 days) at 4°C. According to the results, spoilage was observed in the control group after ten days, Group 1 was the best in terms of microbiological quality. When experimental samples were compared to the control group, no statistically differences were observed in terms of TBA, acidity, and pH value.

Features of management of patients with seborrheic dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory skin disease caused by changes of quantitative and qualitative sebum characteristics. SD comes out by appearing of erythematous plaques with sense of itch and peeling skin in areas with high concentration of sebaceous glands: on the scalp, face, upper part of the body and in the folds of skin. Due to the fact that the development of the SD is promoted by the colonization of the skin with a lipophilic yeast fungus Malassezia spp., in the treatment of uncomplicated simple forms of the disease can be applied external antifungal medicines, topical glucocorticosteroids and anti-inflammatory drugs of non-steroidal origin. Systemic therapy is also used in severe course of seborrheic dermatitis and in the treatment of forms, resistant to external therapy. In the treatment of persistent and long-term forms of SD, systemic antifungal agents and systemic retinoids are used, which allow for a long time to achieve regression of skin rashes and significantly improve the quality of life of the patient.

Determination of antimicrobial activity of extracts from Melissa officinalis L.

The constant growth of antibiotic resistance of bacteria creates the need for the development of antimicrobial drugs from extracts of medicinal plants. For the first time, the article presents the results of antimicrobial activity of extracts of Melissa officinallis L. (drug melissa) obtained by various methods, including ultrasonic extraction. The antimicrobial activity of the samples was studied in relation to strains of gram-positive bacteria Staphylocococus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, gram-negative strains Escherichia coli and yeast fungus Candida albicans. It was found that samples of aqueous extracts of drug melissa obtained by infusion and extraction by ultrasound have a pronounced antimicrobial effect on Staphylococus aureus, ultrasonic extracts of 30 % — and 90 % — alcohol extracts and water extract are active on Staphylocococus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and all samples showed weak activity The obtained data can be used for development of new phytopreparations with expressed antimicrobial activity.

In Vivo Biosynthesis of Inorganic Nanomaterials Using Eukaryotes—A Review

Bionanotechnology, the use of biological resources to produce novel, valuable nanomaterials, has witnessed tremendous developments over the past two decades. This eco-friendly and sustainable approach enables the synthesis of numerous, diverse types of useful nanomaterials for many medical, commercial, and scientific applications. Countless reviews describing the biosynthesis of nanomaterials have been published. However, to the best of our knowledge, no review has been exclusively focused on the in vivo biosynthesis of inorganic nanomaterials. Therefore, the present review is dedicated to filling this gap by describing the many different facets of the in vivo biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using living eukaryotic cells and organisms—more specifically, live plants and living biomass of several species of microalgae, yeast, fungus, mammalian cells, and animals. It also highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the synthesis methodologies and the NP characteristics, bio-applications, and proposed synthesis mechanisms. This comprehensive review also brings attention to enabling a better understanding between the living organisms themselves and the synthesis conditions that allow their exploitation as nanobiotechnological production platforms as these might serve as a robust resource to boost and expand the bio-production and use of desirable, functional inorganic nanomaterials.

Current Status of Computational Intelligence Applications in Dermatological Clinical Practice

Background: The yeast infections are increasingly frequent and the correct diagnosis consists of the identification of the yeast fungus, which in our case we are going to refer to the different species of Candida. The prescription of a broad-spectrum antifungal without taking into account the etiological agent, leads to an increase in the resistance to these treatments. Objective: The objective of this work is to differentiate Candida albicans from other Candida species (Candida spp.) By means of digital images obtained from the optical microscope. Material and Methods: It has reviewed about 100 photographs from patients in our consultations. In this study we will use the microscopic images of the Candida variety to be processed later with the Octave programming language and its image processing package (image-2.8.0). Results and Discussion: This system is able to differentiate Candida albicans from the other varieties of Candida such as C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, and C. kefyr with accuracy. The candida identifier application, which was designed and programmed in Octave, allows identification of candida species by locating certain geometric descriptors, such as the centroid and the surfaces of circular objects within the images. The program was highly effective for the diagnosis of Candida spp. So, we got a sensitivity and specificity above 90% with the images used. Conclusion: The results that we obtain from the Candida spp. identifier system that opens the way to be able to work with images obtained from the optical microscope.

The Search for Biologically Active Compounds in the Series of N-ethoxyethylpiperidine Derivatives

With the aim to introduce fragment of cyclopropane and fragments of p-, m-, o-fluorophenyls into the structures of N-ethoxyethylpiperidines, acylation of oxime and phenylacetylenic alcohol of 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-4-ketopiperidine by cyclopropanecarbonylchloride was carried out; on the basis of 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-4-ethynyl-4-hydroxypiperidine (cascaine alcohol), acylation by 4-fluoro-, 3-fluoro-, 2-fluorobenzoylchlorides was carried out with formation of the corresponding piperidine containing hydrochlorides of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid esters and para-, meta-, ortho-fluorobenzoic esters. Acylation reaction on the hydroxyl group of compounds is carried out in absolute dioxane, the acylating agents are cyclopropanecarbonylchloride, p-, m-, o-fluorobenzoyl chlorides taken in excess. The obtained esters of cyclopropanecarboxylic and para-, meta-, ortho-fluorobenzoic acids are crystalline substances with a clear melting point, well soluble in water, ethanol, acetone. P-fluorobenzoates are obtained with better yields, m-fluorobenzoates occupy an intermediate position, and o-fluorobenzoates are formed with the lowest yields. The best yields of fluorobenzoates are obtained using dioxane as a solvent. Para-, meta-, ortho-fluorobenzoic esters of 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-4-ethynyl-4-hydroxypiperidine coded A-4 – A-6 were studied for the presence of antimicrobial activity, the actions of these preparations were evaluated in vitro in relation to strains of gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, gram-negative strains of Escheriсhia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to yeast fungus Сandida albicans by the diffusion method into agar (holes). Introduction of fluorine atom into the structure of cascaine lead to manifestation of antimicrobial activity.

Draft Genome Sequence of an Antarctic Isolate of the Black Yeast Fungus Exophiala mesophila

A 30.43-Mb draft genome sequence with 10,355 predicted protein-coding genes was produced for the ascomycete fungus Exophiala mesophila strain CCFEE 6314, a black yeast isolated from Antarctic cryptoendolithic communities. The sequence will be of importance for identifying differences among extremophiles and mesophiles and cataloguing the global population diversity of this organism.