Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genome in lymphocytes from anti-HIV positive patients with chronic hepatitis

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. S111
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Anti Hiv

scholarly journals Treatment type and amount influenced human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence of patients with congenital bleeding disorders

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1623-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
GF Gjerset ◽  
MJ Clements ◽  
RB Counts ◽  
AS Halvorsen ◽  
AR Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Hemophilia A ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Bleeding Disorders ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Volunteer Donor ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Two hundred and eighty-two patients with congenital bleeding disorders received blood component replacement therapy between January 1979 and April 1985, were followed-up by the Puget Sound Blood Center's Hemophilia Care Program, and were tested for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Serologic results were obtained at least 1 year after the last exposure to volunteer donor products that were prepared before donor HIV screening or after the last exposure to concentrates produced before the manufacturer's use of treatment methods for inactivation of HIV. In all, 106 patients were anti-HIV positive. The risk of HIV infection was greater in patients with more severe bleeding tendencies, greater exposure to components, and exposure to lyophilized concentrates from large pools of donors. Of 100 patients with hemophilia A who only received cryoprecipitate from volunteer donors from Washington State (during the 6.3-year period), 14% had become anti-HIV positive. Of 27 patients receiving mostly cryoprecipitate but also being exposed to a single lot of concentrate during the same period, 13 (48%) were positive. Of 49 patients treated predominantly or solely with factor VIII concentrates during this period, 43 (88%) were anti-HIV positive. Of 29 patients with von Willebrand disease, four were anti-HIV positive, including 2 of 26 receiving only cryoprecipitate and two of three who had received a single dose of factor VIII concentrate. Of 19 patients who were treated solely with volunteer donor plasma, all remained anti-HIV negative. Of 47 patients exposed to factor IX concentrate, 28 (60%) were positive. Data relevant to the risk of HIV transmission subsequent to screening of the volunteer donor population were also obtained. Treatment records of 55 hemophilia A patients who have remained anti-HIV negative through at least June 1990 showed exposure to 71,173 screened donors from May 1985 through December 1989, and all 55 patients have remained anti-HIV negative.

ANTIBODIES TO HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) IN HAEMOPHILIA AND VON WILLEBRAND'S DISEASE AND IN THEIR HETEROSEXUAL PARTNERS

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Nosari ◽  
L Barbarnano ◽  
T M Caimi ◽  
A Strinchini ◽  
G Muti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mild Form ◽  
Von Willebrand's Disease ◽  
Von Willebrand’S Disease ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

The prevalence of antibodies to HIV in Haemophiliacs varies in different series: the latest figures (19636) are 12-94%, the lower values referring to patients with the mild form or treated by blood bank products. Serum conversion dates back to 1978 in USA and to 1980 in Europe. Antibodies to HIV in heterosexual partners are reported in percentage from 0-24%. Our population of patients:ALL VON WILLEBRANND'disease-patients were treated by crycoprecipitates and are all antibodies to HIV negative lymphocyte subsets: CD4 × 109/1 (x) 863; CD4/CD8(x)1.148.10 hetrosexual partners of anti HIV positive heamophiliacs were tested:Stored samples of prozen plasam of 19 haemophiliacs were also tested:p patients were found anti HIV positive ;1 in 1980;2 in 1982;2 in 1994.

TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION TO HOUSEHOLD CONTACTS OF PERSONS WITH CONGENITAL HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Lusher ◽  
L M Aledort ◽  
M Hiltgartner ◽  
J Mosley ◽  
E Operskalski
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Safety Study ◽  
Hematologic Disorders ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
The Third ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sexual Contacts ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Anti Hiv

The Transfusion Safety Study is collecting data concerning the transmission of transfusion-acquired infections from patients with congenital hematologic disorders to household members. Of 233 patients for whom information is presently available, 128 (55%) were anti-HIV-positive. The 128 positive patients lived in 123 households with 174 members; 16 contacts were positive by EIA and immunoblot.These data provide further evidence of relatively high risk of HIV infection of sexual contacts. The three anti-HIV-positive children are all infants born to anti-HIV-positive wivesof infected hemophiliacs. Passively acquired antibody has not been excluded for two; the third was positive at ten months of age. Thus, vertical transmission may be a very important mechanism of perpetuating the HIV reservoir.

scholarly journals Distribution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Human T-Leukemia Virus Co-infection in Bahia, Brazil

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicidade Mota Pereira ◽  
Fred Luciano Neves Santos ◽  
Ângelo Antônio Oliveira Silva ◽  
Nathan Menezes Nascimento ◽  
Maria da Conceição Chagas Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Anti Hiv

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Human T-Leukemia Virus (HTLV) are retroviruses that share similar routes of transmission. In Brazil, the prevalence of HIV and HTLV varies according to geographic region. The state of Bahia, located in the Northeast region, is considered endemic for both retroviruses. The present study aimed to characterize the frequency of HIV/HTLV coinfection and evaluate the geographic distribution of coinfection throughout the state. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the state's Central Laboratory of Public Health (LACEN-BA) and included all samples from 2004 to 2013 submitted to serological testing for anti-HIV and anti-HTLV-1/2, screened by chemiluminescence/ELISA and confirmed by Western blot. Infection rates are expressed as the number of infected individuals per 100,000 inhabitants from each municipality. A total of 129,158 samples originating from 358/417 (85.8%) municipalities in Bahia were evaluated. HTLV was detected in 2.4% of the HIV-positive samples (n = 42) compared to 0.5% of those with negative HIV serology (n = 677) (OR: 4.65; CI: 3.39–6.37). HIV/HTLV coinfection was more frequent in women (69.0%); the median age of coinfected individuals was 47.2 years [interquartile range (IQR): 41.6–55.4 years]. In the 14/417 (3.4%) municipalities where at least one case of HIV/HTLV coinfection was detected, the overall HTLV coinfection rate in HIV-positive samples was 0.25 (range: 0.17–13.84) per 100,000 inhabitants. Most cases of HIV/HTLV-1 coinfection (21/37, 57%) were concentrated in the municipality of Salvador. Isolated instances (one or two cases) of HIV/HTLV-1 coinfection were distributed across municipalities known to be endemic for HTLV infection.

Treatment type and amount influenced human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence of patients with congenital bleeding disorders

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1623-1627
Author(s):  
GF Gjerset ◽  
MJ Clements ◽  
RB Counts ◽  
AS Halvorsen ◽  
AR Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Hemophilia A ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Bleeding Disorders ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Volunteer Donor ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Two hundred and eighty-two patients with congenital bleeding disorders received blood component replacement therapy between January 1979 and April 1985, were followed-up by the Puget Sound Blood Center's Hemophilia Care Program, and were tested for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Serologic results were obtained at least 1 year after the last exposure to volunteer donor products that were prepared before donor HIV screening or after the last exposure to concentrates produced before the manufacturer's use of treatment methods for inactivation of HIV. In all, 106 patients were anti-HIV positive. The risk of HIV infection was greater in patients with more severe bleeding tendencies, greater exposure to components, and exposure to lyophilized concentrates from large pools of donors. Of 100 patients with hemophilia A who only received cryoprecipitate from volunteer donors from Washington State (during the 6.3-year period), 14% had become anti-HIV positive. Of 27 patients receiving mostly cryoprecipitate but also being exposed to a single lot of concentrate during the same period, 13 (48%) were positive. Of 49 patients treated predominantly or solely with factor VIII concentrates during this period, 43 (88%) were anti-HIV positive. Of 29 patients with von Willebrand disease, four were anti-HIV positive, including 2 of 26 receiving only cryoprecipitate and two of three who had received a single dose of factor VIII concentrate. Of 19 patients who were treated solely with volunteer donor plasma, all remained anti-HIV negative. Of 47 patients exposed to factor IX concentrate, 28 (60%) were positive. Data relevant to the risk of HIV transmission subsequent to screening of the volunteer donor population were also obtained. Treatment records of 55 hemophilia A patients who have remained anti-HIV negative through at least June 1990 showed exposure to 71,173 screened donors from May 1985 through December 1989, and all 55 patients have remained anti-HIV negative.

scholarly journals Influence of boarding secondary school environment on HIV positive students in South Western Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Bernard Kihumuro ◽  
David Jolly Muganzi ◽  
Elton George Wandira ◽  
Racheal Alinaiswe ◽  
Jovitah Joselyne Nanyunja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Negative Coping ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Background The number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive adolescents in secondary school has increased over the years. Little is known on how the students cope to the pressures and demands of their academic and health lives in the boarding secondary schools. This study explored the factors surrounding their anti-retroviral therapy adherence as well as their experiences. Methods We did a qualitative study that employed in-depth interviews amongst purposively selected 19 HIV positive adolescent students in boarding secondary school and seven key informants. Key informants were members of boarding secondary school staff directly taking care of the adolescents living with human immune virus and had spent at least two academic terms in that school. The study participants were recruited from four health facilities in Bushenyi district, southwestern Uganda, and key informants from five boarding secondary schools in Bushenyi. These were engaged in in-depth interviews using an interview guide. Data was transcribed, coded and the content analyzed thematically. Results Adolescents living with human immunodeficiency virus in boarding secondary school face challenges similar to adolescents outside boarding school settings. However, some challenges are unique to them. Students faced numerous barriers which made it difficult to adhere to their medication. Stigmatization in its different forms was also a major challenge amongst students. Willingness disclosure of serostatus was beneficial to the students since it guaranteed support while at school; facilitating adherence and better living. However, students were uneasy to disclose their status. Some students adopted negative coping mechanisms such as telling lies, escaping from school, and class to access medication. Conclusions Adolescents in boarding secondary schools face similar challenges as compared to their counterparts with some being unique to them. Few school mechanisms help these students to cope while at school. Limited disclosure has proven useful but some adolescents have opted not to disclose their status and hence used negative coping mechanisms. These challenges need to be addressed and a safe environment to encourage limited disclosure should be made.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of human immunodeficiency virus to bicyclam derivatives is influenced by the three-dimensional structure of gp120.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2616-2620 ◽  
Author(s):  
K De Vreese ◽  
I Van Nerum ◽  
K Vermeire ◽  
J Anné ◽  
E De Clercq
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
V3 Loop ◽  
Resistant Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Anti Hiv

The bicyclams are a new class of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) compounds targeted at viral entry. From marker rescue experiments, it appears that the envelope gp120 glycoprotein plays an important role in the anti-HIV activity of the bicyclams. Bicyclam-resistant strains contain a number of amino acid changes scattered over the V2 to V5 region of gp120. Experiments aimed at estimating the relative importance of particular amino acid changes with regard to the overall resistance pattern are described. The sequences of some partially bicyclam-resistant virus strains, obtained during the resistance development process, were analyzed, and the corresponding 50% effective concentrations were determined. Selected mutations observed in bicyclam-resistant strains were introduced in the wild-type background by site-directed mutagenesis. In addition, some amino acids were back-mutated to their wild-type counterparts in an otherwise JM3100-resistant strain. The sensitivities of these mutant viruses to bicyclams were determined. Construction of chimeric viruses, carrying the V3 loop of JM3100-resistant virus in a wild-type HIV type 1 HXB2 background, enabled us to investigate the importance of the mutations in the V3 loop of JM3100-resistant virus. From the results described in the report, it can be concluded that single amino acid substitutions do not influence the observed resistance to JM3100. Also, the mutations in the V3 loop are not sufficient to engender even a partially resistant phenotype. We postulate that the overall conformation of gp120 determines the degree of sensitivity or resistance of HIV strains to bicyclams.

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