Deep breaths, methacholine, and airway narrowing in healthy and mild asthmatic subjects

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1384-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Crimi ◽  
Riccardo Pellegrino ◽  
Manlio Milanese ◽  
Vito Brusasco
Keyword(s):  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Forced Expiration ◽  
Airway Narrowing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mild Asthmatic ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Airway Conductance

Deep breaths taken before inhalation of methacholine attenuate the decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity in healthy but not in asthmatic subjects. We investigated whether this difference also exists by using measurements not preceded by full inflation, i.e., airway conductance, functional residual capacity, as well as flow and residual volume from partial forced expiration. We found that five deep breaths preceding a single dose of methacholine 1) transiently attenuated the decrements in forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity in healthy ( n = 8) but not in mild asthmatic ( n = 10) subjects and 2) increased the areas under the curve of changes in parameters not preceded by a full inflation over 40 min, during which further deep breaths were prohibited, without significant difference between healthy ( n = 6) and mild asthmatic ( n = 16) subjects. In conclusion, a series of deep breaths preceding methacholine inhalation significantly enhances bronchoconstrictor response similarly in mild asthmatic and healthy subjects but facilitates bronchodilatation on further full inflation in the latter.

scholarly journals Are preterm-born survivors at risk of long-term respiratory disease?

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 277-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Ida Wiszomirska ◽  
Magdalena Szturmowicz ◽  
Andrzej Magiera ◽  
Michalina Błażkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Preterm Born

Background: To evaluate the long-term impact of preterm birth on respiratory function in female patients born preterm, we undertook spirometric examinations twice, as they reached the age of puberty, then follow-up examinations of part of the same cohort in adulthood. We sought evidence that preterm birth is correlated with poorer spirometric results into adulthood. Methods: A total of 70 girls (aged 12.2 ± 1.5 years in 1997) who had been born preterm (at 34.7 ± 1.86 weeks, none having experienced bronchopulmonary dysplasia) took part in spriometric examinations in 1997 and again in 1998. Of those, after a gap of 17 years, a group of 12 were successfully recontacted and participated in the 2015 examination as adults (then aged 27.6 ± 2.6 years, born at 34.5 ± 1.92 weeks). We compared spirometric results across the adolescent and adult examinations, and compared the adult results with an adult reference group. Results: The percentage values of FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s), FVC (forced vital capacity) and MVV (maximal voluntary ventilation) showed significant improvement between the two examinations in the early adolescent period. In adulthood, FEV1%pred (percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s) showed no statistically significant difference. The mean values of both FVC and FVC%pred (percentage predicted forced vital capacity) for the preterm-born group were lower than for the reference group, but this was not statistically significant. The preterm-born group showed lower values of such parameters as forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of FVC, MEF25 (maximal expiratory flow at 25% of forced vital capacity) and FEV1/FVC as compared with the reference group, but again without statistical significance. Conclusions: (1) A somewhat below-norm level of respiratory parameters among preterm-born girls entering pubescence may attest to continued negative impact on their respiratory system. (2) A significant improvement in their spirometric results 1 year later may indicate that pubescence helps compensate for the earlier negative effect of preterm birth. (3) No significant differences were seen in lung function in preterm-born adults as compared with a reference group of adults, although the preterm-born group did exhibit lower values of all parameters studied and more frequent obstructive disorders.

scholarly journals Perbandingan FEV1 antara subjek perokok dan non perokok pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maniata F. Bata ◽  
Maarthen C.P. Wongkar ◽  
Bisuk P. Sedli
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Study Data ◽  
T Test ◽  
F Test ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract: Smoking is one of the factors causing decline of lung function characterized by impairment of Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC. This study was aimed to obtain the differences in FEV1 between smokers and non smokers, among smokers based on duration of smoking, and among smokers based on the number of cigarettes per day in medical students of University of Sam Ratulangi Manado. This was an observational analytic study. Data were analyzed by using the independent T test and the ANOVA with the F Test. Subjects were 40 males, consisted of 20 smokers and 20 non-smokers. Six smokers had smoked for 2-5 years and 14 smokers had smoked for >5 years. Smoking less than10 cigarettes/day, 10-20 cigarettes/day, and more than 20 cigarettes/day were found in 8, 9, and 3 subjects respectively. The independent T-test showed that there was no significant difference in FEV1 between smokers and non-smokers (p=0.250). The independent T-test also showed that there was no significant difference in FEV1 between smokers of 2-5 years and smokers of more than 5 years (p=0.117). The ANOVA test showed that there was no significant difference in FEV1 between smokers of <10 cigarettes/day, 10-20 cigarettes/day, and >20 cigarettes/day (p=0.481). Conclusion: In this study there were no significant differences in FEV1 between smokers and non smokers, among smokers based on duration of smoking, and among smokers based on the number of cigarettes per day.Keywords: smoker, non smoker, FEV1, duration of smoking, number of cigarette Abstrak: Merokok adalah salah satu faktor penyebab penurunan fungsi paru yang ditandai oleh penurunan nilai volume Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), dan rasio FEV1/FVC. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan FEV1 antara subjek perokok dan non perokok, antar subjek perokok berdasarkan lama merokok, dan antar subjek perokok berdasarkan jumlah batang rokok yang dihisap per hari pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional analitik dengan uji T independent dan uji ANOVA dengan uji F. Subjek penelitian ialah 40 orang laki-laki terdiri dari 20 subjek perokok dan 20 subjek non perokok. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan terdapat 6 subjek perokok yang telah merokok selama 2-5 tahun dan 14 subjek telah merokok selama >5 tahun sedangkan yang menghisap rokok <10 batang/hari, 10-20 batang/hari, dan >20 batang/hari ialah masing-masing 8 orang, 9 orang, dan 3 orang. Uji T-independent menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara FEV1 subjek perokok dan non perokok (p=0,250). Hasil uji T independent terhadap perbedaan FEV1 subjek perokok yang telah merokok 2-5 tahun dengan yang telah merokok >5 tahun mendapatkan p=0,117. Uji ANOVA terhadap perbedaan nilai FEV1 antara subjek perokok yang menghisap rokok sebanyak <10 batang/hari, 10-20 batang/hari, dan >20 batang/hari mendapatkan p=0,481. Simpulan: Pada penelitian ini tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara FEV1 subjek perokok dan non perokok, antar subjek perokok berdasarkan lama merokok, dan antar subjek perokok berdasarkan jumlah batang rokok yang dihisap per hari.Kata kunci: perokok, non perokok, FEV1, lama merokok, jumlah batang rokok

scholarly journals Evaluation of lung function among the Indian elite female weightlifters

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 987
Author(s):  
Snehunsu Adhikari ◽  
Adilakshmi Perla ◽  
Suresh Babu Sayana ◽  
Mithilesh K. Tiwari ◽  
Tambi Medabala
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Lung Function Test ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health And Disease

Background: Spirometry is an essential tool to evaluate lung function of health and disease. Adaptability of lung and chest among athletes can be assessed by lung function test (LFT). The quest of our study was to evaluate the lung function (LF) of highly trained Indian female weighting athletes, and intended to appraise the adaptation of LF among trained elite athletes.Methods: Top ranked Indian female professional weightlifters (study group, n=6) were recruited for this study. Three out of the six weightlifters were from top ten world ranking of 6th, 7th and 9th. Age matched controls (control group, n=6) were selected for this study. Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), percentage of forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1%) and ratio of forced expiratory volume in first second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC%) have been evaluated as per the ATS/ERS guidelines.Results: Statistically higher significant values of VC and FVC were noted in study group, where as other values (MVV, FEV1% and FEV1/FVC%) found no significant difference between two groups.Conclusions: Power, strength and explosiveness of the skeletal muscles are vital domains in weightlifting sport. Weightlifting is such a sport doesn’t require much ventilatory efforts during training as well as competition. This study clueing that physiological adaptation/ improvement of the pulmonary function (PF) depends on the type of the sport being engaged by the athletes.

Inflation of antishock trousers increases bronchial response to methacholine in healthy subjects

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1528-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Regnard ◽  
P. Baudrillard ◽  
B. Salah ◽  
A. T. Dinh Xuan ◽  
L. Cabanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Lung Vessels

We studied changes in lung volumes and in bronchial response to methacholine chloride (MC) challenge when antishock trousers (AST) were inflated at venous occlusion pressure in healthy subjects in the standing posture, a maneuver known to shift blood toward lung vessels. On inflation of bladders isolated to lower limbs, lung volumes did not change but bronchial response to MC increased, as evidenced by a greater fall in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) at the highest dose of MC used compared with control without AST inflation (delta FEV1 = 0.94 +/- 0.40 vs. 0.66 +/- 0.46 liter, P less than 0.001). Full inflation of AST, i.e., lower limb and abdominal bladder inflated, significantly reduced vital capacity (P less than 0.001), functional residual capacity (P less than 0.01), and FEV1 (P less than 0.01) and enhanced the bronchial response to MC challenge compared with partial AST inflation (delta FEV1 = 1.28 +/- 0.47 liter, P less than 0.05). Because there was no significant reduction of lung volumes on partial AST inflation, the enhanced bronchial response to MC cannot be explained solely by changes in base-line lung volumes. An alternative explanation might be a congestion and/or edema of the airway wall on AST inflation. Therefore, to investigate further the mechanism of the increased bronchial response to MC, we pretreated the subjects with the inhaled alpha 1-adrenergic agonist methoxamine, which has both direct bronchoconstrictor and bronchial vasoconstrictor effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

In-brace alterations of pulmonary functions in adolescents wearing a brace for idiopathic scoliosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gozde Yagci ◽  
Gokhan Demirkiran ◽  
Yavuz Yakut
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Functions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Background:Despite the common use of braces to prevent curve progression in idiopathic scoliosis, their functional effects on respiratory mechanics have not been widely studied.Objective:The objective was to determine the effects of bracing on pulmonary function in idiopathic scoliosis.Methods:A total of 27 adolescents with a mean age of 14.5 ± 1.5 years and idiopathic scoliosis were included in the study. Pulmonary function evaluation included vital capacity, forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, maximum ventilator volume, peak expiratory flow, and respiratory muscle strengths, measured with a spirometer, and patient-reported degree of dyspnea. The tests were performed once prior to bracing and at 1 month after bracing (while the patients wore the brace).Results:Compared with the unbraced condition, vital capacity, forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, maximum ventilator volume, and peak expiratory flow values decreased and dyspnea increased in the braced condition. Respiratory muscle strength was under the norm in both unbraced and braced conditions, while no significant difference was found for these parameters between the two conditions.Conclusion:The spinal brace for idiopathic scoliosis tended to reduce pulmonary functions and increase dyspnea symptoms (when wearing a brace) in this study. Special attention should be paid in-brace effects on pulmonary functions in idiopathic scoliosis.Clinical relevanceBracing seems to mimic restrictive pulmonary disease, although there is no actual disease when the brace is removed. This study suggests that bracing may result in a deterioration of pulmonary function when adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis are wearing a brace.

scholarly journals On the functional consequences of bronchial basement membrane thickening

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 1035-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manlio Milanese ◽  
Emanuele Crimi ◽  
Antonio Scordamaglia ◽  
Annamaria Riccio ◽  
Riccardo Pellegrino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Airway Narrowing ◽  
Perennial Rhinitis

Reticular basement membrane (RBM) thickness and airway responses to inhaled methacholine (MCh) were studied in perennial allergic asthma ( n = 11), perennial allergic rhinitis ( n = 8), seasonal allergic rhinitis ( n = 5), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, n = 9). RBM was significantly thicker in asthma (10.1 ± 3.7 μm) and perennial rhinitis (11.2 ± 4.2 μm) than in seasonal rhinitis (4.7 ± 0.7 μm) and COPD (5.2 ± 0.7 μm). The dose (geometric mean) of MCh causing a 20% decrease of 1-s forced expiratory volume (FEV1) was significantly higher in perennial rhinitis (1,073 μg) than in asthma (106 μg). In COPD, the slope of the linear regression of all values of forced vital capacity plotted against FEV1 during the challenge was higher, and the intercept less, than in other groups, suggesting enhanced airway closure. In asthma, RBM thickness was positively correlated ( r = 0.77) with the dose (geometric mean) of MCh causing a 20% decrease of FEV1 and negatively correlated ( r = −0.73) with the forced vital capacity vs. FEV1 slope. We conclude that 1) RBM thickening is not unique to bronchial asthma, and 2) when present, it may protect against airway narrowing and air trapping. These findings support the opinion that RBM thickening represents an additional load on airway smooth muscle.

Relationship between quasi-static pulmonary hysteresis and maximal airway narrowing in humans

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 2075-2080 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Brusasco ◽  
R. Pellegrino ◽  
B. Violante ◽  
E. Crimi
Keyword(s):  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Transpulmonary Pressure ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Airway Narrowing ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Lung Periphery ◽  
Group 1

Two groups of subjects were studied: one with (group 1: 5 healthy and 4 mildly asthmatic subjects) and another without (group 2:9 moderately and severely asthmatic subjects) a plateau of response to methacholine (MCh). We determined the effect of deep inhalation by comparing expiratory flows at 40% of forced vital capacity from maximal and partial flow-volume curves (MEF40M/P) and the quasi-static transpulmonary pressure-volume (Ptp-V) area. In group 1, MEF40M/P increased from 1.58 +/- 0.23 (SE) at baseline up to a maximum of 3.91 +/- 0.69 after MCh when forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was decreased on plateau by 24 +/- 2%. The plateau of FEV1 was always paralleled by a plateau of MEF40M/P. In group 2, MEF40 M/P increased from 1.58 +/- 0.10 at baseline up to a maximum of 3.48 +/- 0.26 after MCh when FEV1 was decreased by 31 +/- 3% and then decreased to 2.42 +/- 0.24 when FEV1 was decreased by 46 +/- 2%. Ptp-V area was similar in the two groups at baseline yet was increased by 122 +/- 9% in group 2 and unchanged in group 1 at MCh end point. These findings suggest that the increased maximal response to MCh in asthmatic subjects is associated with an involvement of the lung periphery.

scholarly journals Effects of rapid saline infusion on lung mechanics and airway responsiveness in humans

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 728-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Pellegrino ◽  
Raffaele Dellacà ◽  
Peter T. Macklem ◽  
Andrea Aliverti ◽  
Stefania Bertini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Residual Capacity ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Airway Responsiveness ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Lung Mechanics ◽  
Elastic Recoil ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Residual Capacity

Lung mechanics and airway responsiveness to methacholine (MCh) were studied in seven volunteers before and after a 20-min intravenous infusion of saline. Data were compared with those of a time point-matched control study. The following parameters were measured: 1-s forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, flows at 40% of control forced vital capacity on maximal (V̇m40) and partial (V̇p40) forced expiratory maneuvers, lung volumes, lung elastic recoil, lung resistance (Rl), dynamic elastance (Edyn), and within-breath resistance of respiratory system (Rrs). Rl and Edyn were measured during tidal breathing before and for 2 min after a deep inhalation and also at different lung volumes above and below functional residual capacity. Rrs was measured at functional residual capacity and at total lung capacity. Before MCh, saline infusion caused significant decrements of forced expiratory volume in 1 s, V̇m40, and V̇p40, but insignificantly affected lung volumes, elastic recoil, Rl, Edyn, and Rrs at any lung volume. Furthermore, saline infusion was associated with an increased response to MCh, which was not associated with significant changes in the ratio of V̇m40 to V̇p40. In conclusion, mild airflow obstruction and enhanced airway responsiveness were observed after saline, but this was not apparently due to altered elastic properties of the lung or inability of the airways to dilate with deep inhalation. It is speculated that it was likely the result of airway wall edema encroaching on the bronchial lumen.

Airway Function in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Left Heart Disease

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Collins ◽  
T. J. H. Clark ◽  
D. J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Closing Volume ◽  
Forced Expiration ◽  
Left Heart ◽  
Airway Function ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

1. In forty non-smoking healthy subjects and seventy-two patients with left heart diseases measurements were made of the volume expired in the first second of a forced expiration (FEV1) and the total volume expired in a forced expiration (FVC) before and after inhalation of salbutamol. Before and after salbutamol the healthy subjects and patients also inhaled maximally an inspirate, the first part of which contained 133Xe and, during controlled expiration, the radioactivity of the expirate was measured and plotted against its volume. The resulting curves were divided into phases of different slope by eye, the point at which phase 3 changed to phase 4 being nominated the closing volume. 2. In forty non-smoking healthy subjects inhalation of salbutamol was followed by significant increase in FEV1 but FVC and closing volume did not change. 3. Change in posture from seated erect to supine in thirty of these healthy subjects was accompanied by significant reduction in FEV1 and FVC and as closing volume was not significantly different in the two positions the ratio closing volume/vital capacity was increased with recumbency. 4. In seventy-two patients with left heart diseases without a history of cough or wheeze, FEV1, FVC, closing volume and the ratio closing volume/vital capacity were significantly different from values in the healthy subjects. There was no significant difference between non-smokers and ex-smokers amongst the patients. 5. Significant increase in FEV1, FVC and reduction in closing volume and the ratio closing volume/vital capacity followed inhalation of salbutamol in patients with heart diseases but the values remained significantly different from those recorded in the healthy subjects. 6. In twenty patients with heart diseases, FEV1 and FVC were reduced by change in posture from seated erect to supine but the ratio closing volume/vital capacity and the regression with age of this ratio were not significantly changed by change in position. 7. In patients with heart diseases the ratio closing volume/vital capacity was significantly correlated with severity of breathlessness and length of symptom-history but not with left ventricular end-diastolic or pulmonary vein wedge pressures.

Assessment of factors affecting short-term pulmonary functions following cardiac surgery: A prospective observational study

2021 ◽  
pp. 021849232110100
Author(s):  
Neetika Katiyar ◽  
Sandeep Negi ◽  
Sunder Lal Negi ◽  
Goverdhan Dutt Puri ◽  
Shyam Kumar Singh Thingnam
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Operative Morbidity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Significant Impairment

Background Pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery are very common and lead to an increased incidence of post-operative morbidity and mortality. Several factors, either modifiable or non-modifiable, may contribute to the associated unfavorable consequences related to pulmonary function. This study was aimed to investigate the degree of alteration and factors influencing pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity), on third, fifth, and seventh post-operative days following cardiac surgery. Methods This study was executed in 71 patients who underwent on-pump cardiac surgery. Pulmonary function was assessed before surgery and on the third, fifth, and seventh post-operative days. Data including surgical details, information about risk factors, and assessment of pulmonary function were obtained. Results The FEV1 and forced vital capacity were significantly impaired on post-operative days 3, 5, and 7 compared to pre-operative values. The reduction in FEV1 was 41%, 29%, and 16% and in forced vital capacity was 42%, 29%, and 19% consecutively on post-operative days 3, 5, and 7. Multivariate analysis was done to detect the factors influencing post-operative FEV1 and forced vital capacity. Discussion This study observed a significant impairment in FEV1 and forced vital capacity, which did not completely recover by the seventh post-operative day. Different factors affecting post-operative FEV1 and forced vital capacity were pre-operative FEV1, age ≥60, less body surface area, lower pre-operative chest expansion at the axillary level, and having more duration of cardiopulmonary bypass during surgery. Presence of these factors enhances the chance of developing post-operative pulmonary complications.

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