Hyaluronate production by the inner ear during otic capsule and perilymphatic space formation

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. McPhee ◽  
Thomas R. Van De Water ◽  
Hung-Xi Su
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Otic Capsule ◽  
Perilymphatic Space

scholarly journals Gata2 is required for the development of inner ear semicircular ducts and the surrounding perilymphatic space

2010 ◽  
Vol 239 (9) ◽  
pp. 2452-2469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarja Haugas ◽  
Kersti Lilleväli ◽  
Janne Hakanen ◽  
Marjo Salminen
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Semicircular Ducts ◽  
Perilymphatic Space

Diverse Patterns of Perilymphatic Space Enhancement in the Rat Inner Ear after Intratympanic Injection of Two Different Types of Gadolinium: A 9.4-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Park ◽  
Ho Sun Lee ◽  
Jun-Jae Choi ◽  
Hyeonjin Kim ◽  
Jun Ho Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Basal Turn ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Intratympanic Injection ◽  
The Right ◽  
Perilymphatic Space

Objective: To compare the quality of perilymphatic enhancement in the rat inner ear after intratympanic injection of two types of gadolinium with a 9.4-tesla micro-MRI. Materials and Methods: Gadolinium was injected into the middle ear in 6 Sprague-Dawley rats via the transtympanic route. The left ear was injected with Gd-DO3A-butrol first, and then the right ear was injected with Gd-DOTA. MR images of the inner ear were acquired 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4 h after intratympanic (IT) injection using an Agilent MRI system 9.4T/160/AS. The normalized signal intensity was quantitatively analyzed at the scala vestibuli (SV), scala media, and scala tympani (ST) using a Marosis M-view system. Then the normalized signal intensities (SIs) were compared between the two contrast agents. Results: For Gd-DO3A-butrol, the SI was as low as 1.0-1.5 throughout 1-4 h at the SV and ST of the basal turn. The maximum SI was 1.5 ± 0.5 at the SV (2 h) and 1.3 ± 0.5 at the ST (2 h). For Gd-DOTA, the 1-hour postinjection SI at the basal turn was 2.5 ± 0.5 at the SV, 1.6 ± 0.3 at the ST, and 1.2 ± 0.3 at the scala media. In the apical turn, the maximum SI was reached after 2.5 h. The maximum SI in the apical turn was 1.8 ± 0.4 at the SV (3.5 h), 1.8 ± 0.4 at the ST (4 h), and 1.4 ± 0.3 at the scala media (4 h). Conclusions: We were able to clearly visualize and separate the ST and SV using IT Gd and 9.4-tesla micro-MRI. We recommend using Gd-DO3A-butrol over Gd-DOTA and to perform the MRI 2.5 h after using IT Gd in the rat inner ear.

Lymphocytic Streaming as an Indicator of Inner Ear Compartmentalization

1981 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 836-840
Author(s):  
George Roffman ◽  
Richard W. Babin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Cochlear Aqueduct ◽  
Fluid Channel ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Perilymphatic Space ◽  
Physiologic Data

Despite a great deal of anatomic and physiologic data in animals, controversy still exists over whether or not the perilymphatic space in man is directly connected to the intracranial space via a patent cochlear aqueduct or other fluid channel. Human physiologic data are limited, indirect, and conflicting. Anatomic and pathologic data have heretofor been inadequate for answering the question convincingly. The temporal bones of a 19-year-old woman with central nervous system lymphoblastic leukemia are discussed. The passive-appearing movement of lymphoblasts between cerebrospinal fluid and perilymphatic spaces suggests both a functionally patent cochlear aqueduct and alternate pathways.

X-ray microtomography study of otic capsule deficiencies: three-dimensional modelling of the fissula ante fenestram

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (9) ◽  
pp. 840-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
J W Lee ◽  
P Sale ◽  
N P Patel
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Oval Window ◽  
Otic Capsule ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Otologic Surgery ◽  
Science Group ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractBackground:The postulated sites of perilymph fistulae involve otic capsule deficiencies, in particular, at the fissula ante fenestram. Histological studies have revealed this to be a channel extending from the middle ear, and becoming continuous with the inner ear medial to the anterior limit of the oval window. The relationship between a patent fissula and symptoms of perilymph fistula is contentious.Objective:The understanding of the anatomy of the fissula ante fenestram is incomplete. Histopathology is inherently destructive to the delicate ultrastructure of the middle and inner ear. Conversely, X-ray microtomography allows non-destructive examination of the otic capsule. In this study, we used X-ray microtomography to characterise the fissula ante fenestram.Materials and methods:We imaged cadaveric temporal bones with X-ray microtomography. We used the Avizo Fire (Visualization Science Group, Merignac Cedex, France) software to perform post-processing and image analysis.Results:Three-dimensional modelling of the fissula ante fenestram allowed stratification into four forms: rudimentary pit; partial fissula; complete occluded fissula; and complete patent fissula.Conclusion:X-ray microtomography showed that the fissula ante fenestram is present in various forms from rudimentary pit to complete deficiency of the otic capsule. This understanding may have implications for otologic surgery and clinical diagnosis of perilymph fistula.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Volumetric Measurement of Endolymphatic Hydrops in Meniere's Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Soo Noh ◽  
Moo Kyun Park ◽  
Jun Ho Lee ◽  
Seung Ha Oh ◽  
Ji-Hoon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Volumetric Measurement ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Perilymphatic Space ◽  
Array Coil

Objective: We used volumetric three-dimensional (3D) analysis to quantitatively evaluate the extent of endolymphatic hydrops (EH) in the entire inner ear. We tested for correlations between the planimetric and volumetric measurements, to identify their advantages and disadvantages.Methods: HYDROPS2-Mi2 EH images were acquired for 32 ears (16 patients): 16 ipsilateral ears of MD patients (MD-ears) and 16 contralateral ears. Three-T MR unit with a 32-channel phased-array coil/the contrast agent to fill the perilymphatic space and the HYDROPS2-Mi2 sequence. We calculated the EH% [(endolymph)/(endolymph+perilymph)] ratio and analyzed the entire inner ear in terms of the volumetric EH% value, but only single cochlear and vestibular slices were subjected to planimetric EH% evaluation. The EH% values were compared between MD ears and non-MD ears, to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the two methods.Results: The volumetric EH% was significantly higher for MD vestibules (50.76 ± 13.78%) than non-MD vestibules (39.50 ± 8.99%). The planimetric EH% was also significantly higher for MD vestibules (61.98 ± 20.65%) than non-MD vestibules (37.22 ± 12.95%). The vestibular and cochlear volumetric EH% values correlated significantly with the planimetric EH% values of the MD ear.Conclusion: Volumetric and planimetric EH measurements facilitate diagnosis of MD ears compared to non-MD ears. Both methods seem to be reliable and consistent; the measurements were significantly correlated in this study. However, the planimetric EH% overestimates the extent of vestibular hydrops by 26.26%. Also, planimetric data may not correlate with volumetric data for non-MD cochleae with normal EH% values.

scholarly journals Sonic Hedgehog Regulates Otic Capsule Chondrogenesis and Inner Ear Development in the Mouse Embryo

2002 ◽  
Vol 248 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Liu ◽  
G. Li ◽  
J.S. Chien ◽  
S. Raft ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Otic Capsule ◽  
Ear Development ◽  
Inner Ear Development

scholarly journals Effect of CO2 on the Perilymphatic Oxygen Tension in Cats

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Murata ◽  
U. Fisch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Actual Degree ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Perilymphatic Space ◽  
Inner Ear Fluids

A microelectrode with a tip of 100μ permitting recording of the oxygen tension in the perilymphatic space according to the polarographic principle and having a minimal drift of 1–2.5% per hour has been developed. The effects of apnea, hypo- and hyperventilation as well as those of inhalation of pure oxygen, and CO2 upon the perilymphatic Po2 have been measured by placing the electrode in the perilymph through the fenestrated stapedial footplate of 87 adult cats. The correlation between the arterial Pco2 and the perilymphatic Po2 is so close that even hypo- or hyperventilation in presence of air does influence the oxygen content of the perilymphatic space. In view of the effect of the smallest accumulation of alveolar CO2, particular attention has to be paid to the system used for respiration of the experimental animal, when determining the action of drugs or inhaled gas mixtures on the oxygenation of the inner ear fluids. The measurement of the perilymphatic oxygen tension also indicates that the rate of blood flow cannot be used to deduct with accuracy the actual degree of oxygenation of the inner ear fluids.

Diagnostic value of three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of inner ear after intratympanic gadolinium injection, and clinical application of magnetic resonance imaging scoring system in patients with delayed endolymphatic hydrops

2013 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Gu ◽  
Z-M Fang ◽  
Y Liu ◽  
S-L Lin ◽  
B Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Positive Identification ◽  
Delayed Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Intratympanic Injection ◽  
Perilymphatic Space

AbstractObjective:Three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging of the inner ear after intratympanic injection of gadolinium, together with magnetic resonance imaging scoring of the perilymphatic space, were used to investigate the positive identification rate of hydrops and determine the technique's diagnostic value for delayed endolymphatic hydrops.Methods:Twenty-five patients with delayed endolymphatic hydrops underwent pure tone audiometry, bithermal caloric testing, vestibular-evoked myogenic potential testing and three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of the inner ear after bilateral intratympanic injection of gadolinium. The perilymphatic space of the scanned images was analysed to investigate the positive identification rate of endolymphatic hydrops.Results:According to the magnetic resonance imaging scoring of the perilymphatic space and the diagnostic standard, 84 per cent of the patients examined had endolymphatic hydrops. In comparison, the positive identification rates for vestibular-evoked myogenic potential and bithermal caloric testing were 52 per cent and 72 per cent respectively.Conclusion:Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging after intratympanic injection of gadolinium is valuable in the diagnosis of delayed endolymphatic hydrops and its classification. The perilymphatic space scoring system improved the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging.

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