Redox potential as an indicator of electron availability for microbial activity and nitrogen transformations in aerobic soil

1992 ◽  
Vol 147 (6) ◽  
pp. 388-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Kralova ◽  
P.H. Masscheleyn ◽  
W.H. Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
Aerobic Soil

scholarly journals Detecting Redox Potentials Using Porous Boron Nitride/ATP-DNA Aptamer/Methylene Blue Biosensor to Monitor Microbial Activities

Micromachines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Kai Guo ◽  
Zirui Song ◽  
Gaoxing Wang ◽  
Chengchun Tang
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Redox Potential ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Potential Change ◽  
Dna Aptamer ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Microplate Reader

Microbial activity has gained attention because of its impact on the environment and the quality of people’s lives. Most of today’s methods, which include genome sequencing and electrochemistry, are costly and difficult to manage. Our group proposed a method using the redox potential change to detect microbial activity, which is rooted in the concept that metabolic activity can change the redox potential of a microbial community. The redox potential change was captured by a biosensor consisting of porous boron nitride, ATP-DNA aptamer, and methylene blue as the fluorophore. This assembly can switch on or off when there is a redox potential change, and this change leads to a fluorescence change that can be examined using a multipurpose microplate reader. The results show that this biosensor can detect microbial community changes when its composition is changed or toxic metals are ingested.

Modeling Studies on Microbial Effects on Groundwater Chemistry

2006 ◽  
Vol 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshikatsu Tochigi ◽  
Hideki Yoshikawa ◽  
Mikazu Yui
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Groundwater Chemistry ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Microbial Effects

AbstractThe overall goal of this project is to develop a model to predict microbial effects on the performance of a high-level radioactive waste (HLW) repository. As a first step, the effects of microbes on groundwater chemistry have been evaluated with the numerical code 'MINT', using data collected from the borehole HDB-6 in the Horonobe underground research laboratory (URL) in Japan. The MINT code models biochemistry and geochemical equilibrium, with consideration of transport of solute and microbial activity. The MINT code simulates the activities of 6 major groups of microbes, classified by their metabolism as 'aerobic', 'denitrifying', 'manganese reducing', 'iron reducing', 'sulfate reducing' and 'methanogenic'. The specific activity of each of these groups will depend on the redox potential (Eh) of the groundwater.Sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate the consequences of changes in groundwater composition on the effects of microbial activity. This indicates that the activities of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) and methanogens are relatively high. The concentration of dissolved methane produced by such microbial activity is seen to be influenced by sulfate concentration. Based on the observed data from Horonobe URL, the concentration in oxygen is relatively high and the activity of denitrifying bacteria is the highest of the major 6 groups of microbes. This can, however, be attributable to chemical / microbial contamination of the groundwater during sampling. The modeling results indicate that the concentration of dissolved oxygen and nitrate ion should be quickly reduced by microbial metabolism, reducing the redox potential to a level low enough for active methanogenesis to commence. Such assessment can be important to evaluate the reliability of sampling and measurement techniques for sensitive geochemical parameters in general - and microbiology in particular.

scholarly journals Enhanced microbial nitrogen transformations in association with macrobiota from the rocky intertidal

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Pfister ◽  
Mark A. Altabet
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Direct Association

Abstract. Microbial nitrogen processing in direct association with marine animals and seaweeds is poorly understood. Microbes can both attach to the surfaces of macrobiota and make use of their excreted nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We tested the role of an intertidal mussel (Mytilus californianus) and red alga (Prionitis sternbergii), as well as inert substrates for microbial activity using enclosed chambers with seawater labeled with 15N-enriched ammonium and nitrate. Chambers with only seawater from the same environment served as a control. We found that 3.21 nmol of ammonium per gram of dry mass of mussel, on average, was oxidized per hour, while 1.60 nmol of nitrate was reduced per hour. Prionitis was associated with the oxidation of 1.50 nmol of ammonium per gram of wet mass per hour, while 1.56 nmol of nitrate was reduced per hour. Inert substrates produced relatively little change compared to seawater alone. Extrapolating to a square meter of shoreline, microbial activity associated with mussels could oxidize 2.5 mmol of ammonium and reduce per 1.2 mmol of nitrate per day. A square meter of seaweed could oxidize 0.13 mmol ammonium per day and reduce the same amount of nitrate. Seawater collected proximal to the shore versus 2–5 km offshore showed no difference in ammonium oxidation or nitrate reduction. Microbial nitrogen metabolism associated with mussels was not influenced by the time of day. When we experimentally added DOC (glucose) as a carbon source to chambers with the red alga and inert substrates, no change in nitrification rates was observed. Added DOC did increase dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorus uptake, indicating that DOC addition stimulated heterotrophic microbial activity, and suggests potential competition for DIN between heterotrophic and chemolithotrophic microbes and their seaweed hosts. Our results demonstrate that microbes in direct association with coastal animals and seaweeds greatly enhance nitrogen processing and likely provide a template for a diversity of ecological interactions.

In vitrostudy on the effect of doxycycline on the microbial activity of soil determined by redox-potential measuring system

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Szakmár ◽  
Olivér Reichart ◽  
István Szatmári ◽  
Orsolya Erdősi ◽  
Zsuzsanna Szili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Measuring System

scholarly journals Microbiological Nitrogen Transformations in Soil Treated with Pesticides and Their Impact on Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 787
Author(s):  
Stefania Jezierska-Tys ◽  
Jolanta Joniec ◽  
Joanna Bednarz ◽  
Edyta Kwiatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Of Pesticides

Research was conducted in connection with the pressure exerted by man on the environment through the use of pesticides. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of pesticides on soil and to evaluate the effect of these changes on greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. The research was carried out on soil sown with oilseed rape. The activity of protease and urease, ammonification, nitrification in soil, as well as CO2 (carbon dioxide) and N2O (nitrous oxide) gas emissions from soil were assessed. The analyses were carried out directly after harvest and 2 months after. Pesticides most frequently negatively affected the tested parameters, in particular enzymatic activities. Of the two herbicides used, Roundup had a stronger negative impact on microbial activity. The application of pesticides, especially the fungicide, resulted in an increase in gas emissions to the atmosphere over time. Pesticides disturbed soil environmental balance, probably interfering with qualitative and quantitative relationships of soil microorganism populations and their metabolic processes. This led to the accumulation of microbial activity products in the form of, among others, gases which contribute to the greenhouse effect by escaping from the soil into the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Transformation in Waterlogged Soil in Indian Rice Fields: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-118
Author(s):  
Rajat Kumar Parit ◽  
P. K. Bharteey ◽  
Bishnu Jyoti Saikia ◽  
Sarat Sekhar Bora ◽  
P. K. Maurya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Anaerobic Condition ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nitrogen Transformation ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Maximum Loss ◽  
Submerged Soil ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate ◽  
Aerobic Soil ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

No other element can match the essentiality of nitrogen in soil for growth and development of plants and its transformations among various forms viz., nitrite, nitrate, ammonium are mostly mediated by microbes. As its transformation depends on major microbial activity and thus, there is a huge difference between the transformation of it in aerobic soil and anaerobic soil. This difference mainly arises due to presence and absence of oxygen. The absence of oxygen in soil creates anaerobic condition and thus promotes the growth of anaerobic microbes. In submerged soil, applied nitrogen is lost in various forms such as volatilization, denitrification, leaching and runoff out of which ammonium volatilization causes the maximum loss. The recovery of applied nitrogen, as recorded from various filed experiments in India, has been found to vary from 28 to 34% for submerged rice. The chemistry of nitrogen in submerged soil is quite interesting for this review.

scholarly journals Enhanced microbial nitrogen transformations in association with intertidal macrobiota

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Pfister ◽  
Mark A. Altabet
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
Inert Substrate

Abstract. Microbial nitrogen processing in direct association with marine animals and seaweeds is poorly understood. Macrobiota supply a substrate for microbes to reside, and a source of excreted nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We tested the role of a mussel (Mytilus californianus), a red alga (Prionitis sternbergii) and an inert substrate for microbial activity using enclosed chambers and enriched ammonium and nitrate. Chambers with seawater from the same environment served as a control. We found that mussels and Prionitis elevated ammonium oxidation and nitrate reduction two orders of magnitude over that of seawater, while the effect of simply an inert substrate had relatively little effect. Extrapolating to a square meter of shoreline, microbial activity associated with mussels could oxidize 2.5 mmol of ammonium and reduce per 1.2 mmol of nitrate per day. A square meter of seaweed could produce even higher rates, at 135.2 and 320.5 mmol per day for nitrification and nitrate reduction, respectively. Seawater collected from the shore versus 2–5 km offshore showed no difference in ammonium oxidation or nitrate reduction. Microbial nitrogen metabolism associated with mussels did not change whether we measured it at night or during the day. When we experimentally added DOC (glucose) as a carbon source, there was no change to nitrification rates. Added DOC did increase DIN and phosphorus uptake, indicating that elevating the concentration of DOC stimulated heterotrophic microbial activity, and suggests potential competition for DIN between heterotrophic and chemolithotrophic microbes and their seaweed hosts. Our results indicate that microbes in direct association with coastal animals and seaweeds greatly enhance nitrogen processing, and likely provide a template for a diversity of ecological interactions.

Effect of Nitrate on Sulphur Transformations Depending on Carbon Load in Laboratory-Scale Wetlands Treating Artificial Sewage

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 1902-1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Biao Wu ◽  
Tao Lv ◽  
Chunyan Li ◽  
Peter Kuschk ◽  
Arndt Wiessner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Redox Potential ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Sulphate Reduction ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
Sulphide Concentration ◽  
Organic Carbon Concentration

Two laboratory-scale constructed wetlands planted with Juncus effusus were used to investigate the dynamics of sulphur transformations under varying nitrate and organic carbon loads as well as its interactions with microbial carbon and nitrogen transformations. The removal of dissolved organic carbon was obtained to be around 65-87% with specific removal load of 1.40-2.63 g/m2d. 94% of nitrate removal (under inflow concentration of 15 mg/L) irrespective of organic carbon loads indicated a highly active denitrification process in wetlands. Sulphate reduction was performed at a high level of 83% in a low redox potential (about -300 mV) under condition of inflow organic carbon concentration of 50 mg/L. The dosage of nitrate in the inflow can strongly hinder the process ofdissimilatory microbial sulphate. The coexist of sulphide with concentration of 1.65-2.65 mg/L and elemental sulphur of 0.17-2.18 mg/L in the pore water of wetlands demonstrated a simultaneous occurrence of microbial sulphate reduction and sulphide oxidation. A lower ammonium oxidation removal was initiated, which was probably caused by the toxic effect of sulphide with concentration of about 3 mg/L in the pore water. The sulphide concentration in the pore water was highly exponentially correlated with the redox potential, indicating the control of sulphide in wetlands could be performed by the adjustment of redox potential via aeration and/or nitrate dosage.

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