Motion sickness susceptibility due to a small hematoma in the right supramarginal gyrus

Abstract Facing one’s own death and managing the fear of death are important existential issues, particularly in older populations. Although recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have investigated brain responses to death-related stimuli, none has examined whether this brain activation was specific to one’s own death or how it was related to dispositional fear of death. In this study, during fMRI, 34 elderly participants (aged, 60–72 years) were presented with either death-related or death-unrelated negative words and asked to evaluate the relevance of these words to the “self” or the “other.” The results showed that only the left supplementary motor area (SMA) was selectively activated during self-relevant judgments of death-related words. Regression analyses of the effect of fear of death on brain activation during death-related thoughts identified a significant negative linear correlation in the right supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and an inverted-U-shaped correlation in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) only during self-relevant judgments. Our results suggest potential involvement of the SMA in the existential aspect of thoughts of death. The distinct fear-of-death-dependent responses in the SMG and PCC may reflect fear-associated distancing of the physical self and the processing of death-related thoughts as a self-relevant future agenda, respectively.

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Disentangling Mathematics from Executive Functions by Investigating Unique Functional Connectivity Patterns Predictive of Mathematics Ability

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn_a_01367 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 560-573 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kenny Skagerlund ◽

Taylor Bolt ◽

Jason S. Nomi ◽

Mikael Skagenholt ◽

Daniel Västfjäll ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Premotor Cortex ◽

Mathematical Ability ◽

Angular Gyrus ◽

Intraparietal Sulcus ◽

Supramarginal Gyrus ◽

Connectivity Patterns ◽

The Right

What are the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms that give rise to mathematical competence? This study investigated the relationship between tests of mathematical ability completed outside the scanner and resting-state functional connectivity (FC) of cytoarchitectonically defined subdivisions of the parietal cortex in adults. These parietal areas are also involved in executive functions (EFs). Therefore, it remains unclear whether there are unique networks for mathematical processing. We investigate the neural networks for mathematical cognition and three measures of EF using resting-state fMRI data collected from 51 healthy adults. Using 10 ROIs in seed to whole-brain voxel-wise analyses, the results showed that arithmetical ability was correlated with FC between the right anterior intraparietal sulcus (hIP1) and the left supramarginal gyrus and between the right posterior intraparietal sulcus (hIP3) and the left middle frontal gyrus and the right premotor cortex. The connection between the posterior portion of the left angular gyrus and the left inferior frontal gyrus was also correlated with mathematical ability. Covariates of EF eliminated connectivity patterns with nodes in inferior frontal gyrus, angular gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus, suggesting neural overlap. Controlling for EF, we found unique connections correlated with mathematical ability between the right hIP1 and the left supramarginal gyrus and between hIP3 bilaterally to premotor cortex bilaterally. This is partly in line with the “mapping hypothesis” of numerical cognition in which the right intraparietal sulcus subserves nonsymbolic number processing and connects to the left parietal cortex, responsible for calculation procedures. We show that FC within this circuitry is a significant predictor of math ability in adulthood.

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An Effect of Chronic Stress on Prospective Memory via Alteration of Resting-State Hippocampal Subregion Functional Connectivity

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-56111-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jierong Chen ◽

Zhen Wei ◽

Hongying Han ◽

Lili Jin ◽

Chuanyong Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Chronic Stress ◽

Prospective Memory ◽

Resting State ◽

Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽

Supramarginal Gyrus ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Cornu Ammonis ◽

The Right ◽

Left Middle

AbstractThe alteration of hippocampal function by chronic stress impairs higher order cognitive functions such as prospective memory (PM). However, how chronic stress affects hippocampal subregions related to PM remains largely unknown. In this study, the altered functional network of hippocampal subregions related to PM in chronic stress was explored. College students (N = 21) completed PM tasks and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans one month prior to (baseline) and during the final examination week (chronic stress). Hippocampal subregions’ seed-based functional connectivity (FC) and PM were compared between baseline and chronic stress. PM performance declined in chronic stress. The FC of the cornu ammonis 2, 3 and dentate gyrus (CA23DG) with the bilateral caudate and precuneus was increased in chronic stress, while the FC of the subicular complex (SUBC) with the left middle frontal gyrus, the left inferior parietal gyrus and the right supramarginal gyrus was decreased. There was a negative correlation between PM performance and the FC of hippocampal subregions. We found chronic stress impairs PM by decreasing the FC of SUBC and increasing the FC of CA23DG. These findings suggest functional changes in hippocampal subregion networks as a mechanism underlying the impairment of PM in chronic stress.

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Fast Forward: Supramarginal Gyrus Stimulation Alters Time Measurement

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn.2009.21191 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 23-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Martin Wiener ◽

Roy Hamilton ◽

Peter Turkeltaub ◽

Matthew S. Matell ◽

H. B. Coslett

Keyword(s):

Visual Stimulus ◽

Temporal Processing ◽

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Standard Stimulus ◽

Neural System ◽

Temporal Perception ◽

Supramarginal Gyrus ◽

Neural Basis ◽

Temporal Judgment ◽

The Right

The neural basis of temporal processing is unclear. We addressed this important issue by performing two experiments in which repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was administered in different sessions to the left or right supramarginal gyrus (SMG) or vertex; in both tasks, two visual stimuli were presented serially and subjects were asked to judge if the second stimulus was longer than the first (standard) stimulus. rTMS was presented on 50% of trials. Consistent with a previous literature demonstrating the effect of auditory clicks on temporal judgment, rTMS was associated with a tendency to perceive the paired visual stimulus as longer in all conditions. Crucially, rTMS to the right SMG was associated with a significantly greater subjective prolongation of the associated visual stimulus in both experiments. These findings demonstrate that the right SMG is an important element of the neural system underlying temporal processing and, as discussed, have implications for neural and cognitive models of temporal perception and attention.

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Attentional bias modification (ABM) training induces spontaneous brain activity changes in young women with subthreshold depression: a randomized controlled trial

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s003329171500238x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 909-920 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

H. Li ◽

D. Wei ◽

M. Browning ◽

X. Du ◽

Q. Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Women ◽

Resting State ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Subthreshold Depression ◽

Supramarginal Gyrus ◽

Spontaneous Brain Activity ◽

The Right ◽

Bias Modification ◽

Connectivity Strength

BackgroundAttention bias modification (ABM) training has been suggested to effectively reduce depressive symptoms, and may be useful in the prevention of the illness in individuals with subthreshold symptoms, yet little is known about the spontaneous brain activity changes associated with ABM training.MethodResting-state functional MRI was used to explore the effects of ABM training on subthreshold depression (SubD) and corresponding spontaneous brain activity changes. Participants were 41 young women with SubD and 26 matched non-depressed controls. Participants with SubD were randomized to receive either ABM or placebo training during 28 sessions across 4 weeks. Non-depressed controls were assessed before training only. Attentional bias, depressive severity, and spontaneous brain activity before and after training were assessed in both training groups.ResultsFindings revealed that compared to active control training, ABM training significantly decreased depression symptoms, and increased attention for positive stimuli. Resting-state data found that ABM training significantly reduced amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of the right anterior insula (AI) and right middle frontal gyrus which showed greater ALFF than non-depressed controls before training; Functional connectivity strength between right AI and the right frontoinsular and right supramarginal gyrus were significantly decreased after training within the ABM group; moreover, the improvement of depression symptoms following ABM significantly correlated with the connectivity strength reductions between right AI and right frontoinsular and right supramarginal gyrus.ConclusionThese results suggest that ABM has the potential to reshape the abnormal patterns of spontaneous brain activity in relevant neural circuits associated with depression.

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Individual Symptom Severity in Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder Predicts Reduction in Right Dorsal Stream Neural Activity During Live Eye-to-Eye Contact

10.1101/2021.10.07.21264650 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joy Hirsch ◽

Xian Zhang ◽

J. Adam Noah ◽

Adam Naples ◽

Julie M. Wolf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Neural Activity ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Dorsal Stream ◽

Eye Contact ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Neural Mechanisms ◽

Supramarginal Gyrus ◽

Somatosensory Cortices ◽

The Right

Background: Social symptomatology quantified by clinical interview (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, ADOS) and self-report (Social Responsiveness Scale, SRS) indicate symptom severity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Reluctance to engage in interpersonal eye contact is a frequently observed behavioral hallmark, though neural bases for these difficulties and relation to symptomatology are not understood. We test the hypothesis that eye contact in ASD activates atypical neural mechanisms that are related to individual differences in symptomatology. Methods: Neural activity represented by hemodynamic signals was acquired by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during real person-to-person eye contact (confirmed by eye-tracking) for 17 adult ASD (3 female, 14 male) and 19 typically-developed (TD) participants (8 female, 11 male). Assessment of social function was based on ADOS scores for ASD participants and SRS scores for the combined group of ASD and TD participants. Results: Individual ADOS scores were negatively correlated (r = -0.69) with individual fNIRS beta-values (representing strength of hemodynamic signals) within clusters in the right dorsal stream regions: somatosensory cortices, angular gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus. Hemodynamic responses in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were also negatively correlated (r = -0.77) with ADOS scores. Similarly, SRS scores for the combined ASD and TD groups were also negatively correlated (r = -0.58) with somatosensory cortices and the supramarginal gyrus. Conclusions: These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that neural mechanisms in the dorsal stream and DLPFC are related to social symptomatology and implicate high-level interactive face and eye-processing systems as potential neurobiological markers of ASD.

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The Neural Correlate of Speech Rhythm as Evidenced by Metrical Speech Processing

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn.2008.20029 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 541-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

Eveline Geiser ◽

Tino Zaehle ◽

Lutz Jancke ◽

Martin Meyer

Keyword(s):

Auditory Cortex ◽

Speech Processing ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽

Supramarginal Gyrus ◽

Implicit Processing ◽

Speech Rhythm ◽

Temporal Intervals ◽

Suprasegmental Cues ◽

The Right

The present study investigates the neural correlates of rhythm processing in speech perception. German pseudosentences spoken with an exaggerated (isochronous) or a conversational (nonisochronous) rhythm were compared in an auditory functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment. The subjects had to perform either a rhythm task (explicit rhythm processing) or a prosody task (implicit rhythm processing). The study revealed bilateral activation in the supplementary motor area (SMA), extending into the cingulate gyrus, and in the insulae, extending into the right basal ganglia (neostriatum), as well as activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) related to the performance of the rhythm task. A direct contrast between isochronous and nonisochronous sentences revealed differences in lateralization of activation for isochronous processing as a function of the explicit and implicit tasks. Explicit processing revealed activation in the right posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG), the right supramarginal gyrus, and the right parietal operculum. Implicit processing showed activation in the left supramarginal gyrus, the left pSTG, and the left parietal operculum. The present results indicate a function of the SMA and the insula beyond motor timing and speak for a role of these brain areas in the perception of acoustically temporal intervals. Secondly, the data speak for a specific task-related function of the right IFG in the processing of accent patterns. Finally, the data sustain the assumption that the right secondary auditory cortex is involved in the explicit perception of auditory suprasegmental cues and, moreover, that activity in the right secondary auditory cortex can be modulated by top-down processing mechanisms.

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The evaluation of central pain mechanisms in patients with microvascular angina

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1093/eurjpc/zwab061.077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

I Leonova ◽

N Burova ◽

S Boldueva ◽

M Demidova ◽

A Khomulo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neuronal Activity ◽

Cingulate Cortex ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Control Group ◽

Supramarginal Gyrus ◽

Pain Mechanisms ◽

Microvascular Angina ◽

The Right ◽

The Brain

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. In patients with microvascular angina (MVA) besides of chest pain, a high neuronal activity of certain parts of the head (right anterior insula cortex) was revealed, which is not observed in the control in patients with coronary heart disease with coronary atherosclerosis. There is an opinion that the abnormal sensation of pain is caused not by myocardial ischemia, but by a violation of neuronal regulation. Functional MRI (fMRI) is currently a widely used method of functional mapping of the brain. The principle of the method is to register a BOLD signal (blood oxygen level-depended) from voxels (volumetric points) when examining the brain in response to the fulfillment of a task (paradigm). In response to the activation of a particular region of the brain, hemodynamic parameters change in it, which leads to a decrease in the level of deoxyhemoglobin and an increase in the level of oxyhemoglobin. With neuroimaging, this phenomenon is characterized by an increase in signal intensity in a series of T2 * images, the quantitative assessment of which allows indirectly determining the degree of neuronal activation. The study included 11 patients with MVA (3 men, 8 women). The average age of the patients was 61.45 ± 7.80 years. MVA was proved classic criteria and microvascular disorders (perfusion abnormalities) by cardiac PET. Neuroimaging examination included positron emission tomography scanning using 18-fluoro deoxyglucose (18F-FDG PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning using the GO / NOGO two-stimulus experimental paradigm. Throughout the study, fMRI and PET data were obtained for 11 patients with MVA and 20 healthy volunteers (control group). Results In patients with MVA, a decrease in neuronal activity was detected during the execution of actions ("GO" tests) compared with the norm in some brain structures: bilateral anterior and middle cingulate gyrus, additional motor region, postcentral gyrus, left in the islet cortex, on the right in the supramarginal gyrus. When ignoring the second stimulus ("P-P ignore."). A decrease compared with the norm was found bilaterally in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, the wedge, on the right in the cortex of the rolandic operculum and supramarginal gyrus. The detected clusters of decreased neuronal activity when performing actions and ignoring the second stimulus intersect bilaterally in the middle and anterior cingulate cortex, in the left paracentral lobe, and the right supramarginal gyrus. When suppressing actions ("NOGO samples"), no significant differences were found. According to PET, no significant changes in the level of glucose metabolism in patients with MVA compared with the control group were found. Conclusion In patients with MVA, a decrease in neuronal activity was found when performing actions compared to the norm in some brain structures.

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Neural Network Configuration and Efficiency Underlies Individual Differences in Spatial Orientation Ability

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn_a_00491 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 380-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Aiden E. G. F. Arnold ◽

Andrea B. Protzner ◽

Signe Bray ◽

Richard M. Levy ◽

Giuseppe Iaria

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Spatial Orientation ◽

Primary Motor Cortex ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Network Configuration ◽

Supramarginal Gyrus ◽

Neural Basis ◽

Left Hippocampus ◽

The Right

Spatial orientation is a complex cognitive process requiring the integration of information processed in a distributed system of brain regions. Current models on the neural basis of spatial orientation are based primarily on the functional role of single brain regions, with limited understanding of how interaction among these brain regions relates to behavior. In this study, we investigated two sources of variability in the neural networks that support spatial orientation—network configuration and efficiency—and assessed whether variability in these topological properties relates to individual differences in orientation accuracy. Participants with higher accuracy were shown to express greater activity in the right supramarginal gyrus, the right precentral cortex, and the left hippocampus, over and above a core network engaged by the whole group. Additionally, high-performing individuals had increased levels of global efficiency within a resting-state network composed of brain regions engaged during orientation and increased levels of node centrality in the right supramarginal gyrus, the right primary motor cortex, and the left hippocampus. These results indicate that individual differences in the configuration of task-related networks and their efficiency measured at rest relate to the ability to spatially orient. Our findings advance systems neuroscience models of orientation and navigation by providing insight into the role of functional integration in shaping orientation behavior.

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