Long-term assessment of nitrogen and variety technologies on attainable maize yields in Nigeria using CERES-maize

1999 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Jagtap ◽  
F.J. Abamu ◽  
J.G. Kling
Keyword(s):  
Maize Yields

scholarly journals Long-Term Effect of Manure and Mineral Fertilizer Application Rate on Maize Yield and Accumulated Nutrients Use Efficiencies in North China Plain

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1329
Author(s):  
Fan Fan ◽  
Hongyan Zhang ◽  
Gabriela Alandia ◽  
Laichao Luo ◽  
Zhenling Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Available N ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
Maize Yields

Overuse of mineral fertilizer has become common at the North China Plain. Simultaneously, more organic manure resources are available for smallholder farmers. In order to increase the use of organic manure and reduce mineral fertilizer applications, a 10-year fertilization experiment with maize took place between 2008 and 2017. We assessed the long-term effects of cattle manure (CM) application and a complete nutrient substitution with mineral fertilizer (MF) at four application levels (3, 6, 9 and 12 t ha−1 CM) on yield, macronutrients (N, P and K) use efficiencies and soil conditions. Results showed that maize yields from CM and MF treatments differed across time and were significantly different in the first year of the experiment to no significant differences with increasing experimental time. In addition, increased MF levels did not result in increased maize yields; this response was different with CM applications. The highest 10-year maize average yield was 7.7 t ha−1 obtained with 9 t ha−1 of CM. Our results also showed that at the lowest application level (3 t ha−1 CM), the partial factor productivity (PFP) and the agronomic efficiency (AE) of all macronutrients were significantly higher with MF than with CM applications. Nevertheless, these differences narrowed with increased fertilizer input levels. The MF and CM recovery efficiency (RE) of N, P and K performed differently. Generally, MF exhibited significantly higher N-RE than CM treatments. CM treatments had significantly higher P-RE, but no K-RE differences were found between CM and MF. Soil available N, P and K significantly increased when fertilizer levels raised. MF treatments exhibited similar levels of soil available N, but lower soil available P and K compared with CM treatments.

Nutrient management adaptation for dryland maize yields and water use efficiency to long-term rainfall variability in China

2010 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 1344-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobin Wang ◽  
Kuai Dai ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Xiaomin Zhang ◽  
Quansheng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUSTAINABLE MAIZE PRODUCTION USING GLIRICIDIA/MAIZE INTERCROPPING IN SOUTHERN MALAWI

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K. AKINNIFESI ◽  
W. MAKUMBA ◽  
F. R. KWESIGA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Soil Fertility Replenishment ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Maize Yields

Maize production in Malawi is limited by high costs and sub-optimal use of chemical fertilizers under continuous cultivation. A long-term gliricidia/maize trial was undertaken on a Ferric Lixisol from 1991/92 to 2001/02. The purpose of the study was to assess the performance of a gliricidia/maize intercropping system as a low-input soil fertility replenishment option in southern Malawi. The experiment was a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial design with three replications. Treatments included two maize cropping systems (with and without gliricidia trees), and three rates of inorganic N fertilizer (0, 24 and 48 N kg ha−1 representing 0, 25 and 50% of the national recommended N rate), and three rates of P fertilizer application (0, 20 and 40 P ha−1 representing 0, 50 and 100% of the recommended rate). No effect of P was detected on yield early in the trial, and this treatment was discontinued. The gliricidia pruning biomass did not decline after 10 years of intensive pruning, with strong correlation between tree biomass production and years after establishment (r = 0.91, p < 0.001). Application of gliricidia prunings increased maize yields by three times compared to the yield of unfertilized sole maize. Maize yield from the unfertilized gliricidia pruning treatment was superior to the yield from sole maize supplemented with a quarter or half the recommended N rate. The study confirmed that a gliricidia/maize intercropping system is a promising soil fertility replenishment option in southern Malawi and elsewhere in southern Africa.

Irrigation of maize (Zea mays L.) in relation to fertilization in a long-term field experiment

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Megyes ◽  
J. Nagy ◽  
T. Rátonyi ◽  
L. Huzsvai
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Term Field

The objectives of this study were to examine the correlation between factors of great significance for crop production, especially between irrigation and fertilization, and to evaluate the effects of irrigation and fertilization on maize yields over four growing seasons (2001-2004) in a long-term field experiment set up at the Látókép Experimental Station of the Centre for Agricultural Sciences of Debrecen University. The results showed that irrigation and fertilization were strongly correlated with the yield. The effect of irrigation depended on the natural water and nutrient supplies of the soil, and on the specific fertilizer rates. The results indicated that both fertilization and irrigation had a significant effect on the yield. The correlation between the year and the crop production factors was also significant. The yield-increasing effect of irrigation and fertilization differed significantly in the experimental years.

The long-term effects of a gliricidia–maize intercropping system in Southern Malawi, on gliricidia and maize yields, and soil properties

2006 ◽  
Vol 116 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
W MAKUMBA ◽  
B JANSSEN ◽  
O OENEMA ◽  
F AKINNIFESI ◽  
D MWETA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Maize Yields

Variation of soil dissolved organic carbon under long-term different fertilizations and its correlation with maize yields

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2761-2770
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Xiaofen Chen ◽  
Daming Li ◽  
Changxu Xu ◽  
Meng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Maize Yields

THE EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS FERTILIZATION ON NUTRIENT BALANCE AND CROP YIELD IN THE NORTHERN NIGERIAN SAVANNAH: A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
GANYIR LOMBIN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Crop Uptake ◽  
Crop Nutrition ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Cation Ratios

Crop uptake of the major cations from the soil solution depends not only on their absolute amounts but also on their quantitative relationships. The risk of accentuating nutrient deficiencies through unbalanced cation ratios arising from injudicious fertilization practices is particularly high in the poorly buffered, continuously cropped/fertilized savannah soils of Nigeria. This paper evaluates the preliminary results of a long-term investigation of the effects of continuous fertilization on soil cation ratios, crop nutrition and yield in northern Nigeria. The effects of nine factorial combinations of three levels (0, 25 and 50 kg∙ha−1) each of K and Mg (applied in 1976) are being monitored on two soils — Dystric Nitosol or Oxisol (at Mokwa) and Ferric Luvisol or Ultisol (at Yandev) using maize (Zea mays L.) as a test crop. Soil and index leaf K, Ca and Mg concentrations were related to yield by means of correlation and regression analyses. Maize yields were strongly and negatively related to soil exchangeable K, and percent in plant tissue, and highly significantly and positively correlated with percent Ca in plant tissue, soil Ca:K and (Ca + Mg):K ratios. It is thus evident that K depressed yields by creating unfavorable soil Ca:K, (Ca + Mg):K ratios, and to a lesser degree, Mg:K ratios through its repressive action on these two other cations. The results have demonstrated the practical significance of the inverse Ca-K relationship in crop nutrition with respect to the Nigerian savannah soils and have also shown the fragile nature of the balance between the major cations and how easily the balance can be upset by injudicious fertilizer use and management. This calls for caution in the development of fertilizer programs for the area. Use of fertilizers containing a high Ca concentration is suggested.

Contact Period Rural Overpopulation in the Basin of Mexico: Carrying-Capacity Models Tested with Documentary Data

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Basin Of Mexico ◽  
Capacity Model ◽  
Late Horizon ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Agricultural Settlement

The carrying-capacity model applied to the Basin of Mexico by Sanders et al. is tested by Contact period hieroglyphic data on population and landholding from the rural tlaxilacalli (ward) of Santa María Asunción. Two calculations are made of the theoretically maximum tlaxilacalli population, one using the Sanders et al. parameters, and the second based on Asunción data. The analysis confirms the accuracy of Sanders et al.'s maize yields and average per-capita maize-consumption rate (if a variable of seed set aside is included), but suggests revision downward of household size. Although for the wrong reasons, the Sanders model correctly predicts the range of population for Asuncion. The balance between simulated household maize consumption and production shows that carrying capacity under viable, long-term strategies had been exceeded for poor and average agricultural years in the Contact period. At the tlaxilacalli level, grain deficits of greater than — 50 percent are projected for poor years, a — 28 percent deficit to + 11 percent surplus in average years, and surpluses of 10 to 74 percent in good years. In average years, to meet the maize requirements of the recorded population, continuous cultivation rather than 1:1 fallowing must have occurred on marginal land. Rural overpopulation apparent in Asunción may have been typical of many piedmont communities. The impetus for Late Horizon expansion of agricultural settlement might have come as much from rural overpopulation as from state-directed settlement to provide subsistence for Tenochtitlan.

Emergence of multisectoral impacts of the global warming during the 21st century.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Brouillet ◽  
Benjamin Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Impact Model ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Impact Models ◽  
Consecutive Dry Days

&lt;p&gt;The current observed global warming is projected to intensify by the end of the 21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; century. According to simulations of the climate system and its impacts on populations, previous studies show significant projected impacts on four main sectors: water, health, energy and agriculture. Concurrent analyses have also focused on the time of emergence (ToE) of future climate modifications to assess when new climate regimes will emerge from a prior reference. Here we propose to investigate the timing and the emergence of global warming impacts on populations over three main vulnerable regions: Western Africa (WAF), Eastern Africa (EAF) and South-eastern Asia (SEA). We propose to analyse multi-sectoral impacts that may affect human being by accounting for (but not limited to) 6 fields: crop failure, water scarcity, health, droughts, floods, and heatwaves. The ISIMIP2b protocol (phase 2b of the Intersectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project), which provides simulated impacts from 1 to 8 sectoral impact models and four CMIP5 (5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) climate models, is used in this study.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160; Preliminary results under the RCP8.5 future climate scenario show a strong acceleration of the decrease of the annual maize yields before 2048 in WAF and EAF according to the CLM45 impact model, suggesting a significant emergence at this time. No particular fluctuation from the long-term trend is shown in SEA. CMIP5 climate forcing (i.e. GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR and MIROC5) responses in maize yields exhibit larger uncertainties over EAF than over WAF and SEA. Drought metrics such as the annual number of consecutive dry days (i.e. daily precipitations &lt; 1mm) and the annual number of periods with more than 5 consecutive dry days show an acceleration of their increases around 2052 in WAF with large climate forcing uncertainties, but no significant emergence over EAF and SEA. Flood metrics from the ORCHIDEE impact model simulations do not exhibit particular fluctuation nor acceleration of the change during the 21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; century in the three regions. The next step of our study is to quantify the ToE of the significant fluctuations compared to the long-term trends of the different metrics that cover every impact sectors. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (&amp;#8216;KS-test&amp;#8217;) method will be applied as the statistical approach to quantify the ToE independently from the signal shape. Impact models uncertainties will also be quantified compared to the climate model uncertainties, in order to assess whether impact or climate modelings is the main driver of the total uncertainties when studying the emergence of the impacts of global warming.&lt;/p&gt;

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