THE EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS FERTILIZATION ON NUTRIENT BALANCE AND CROP YIELD IN THE NORTHERN NIGERIAN SAVANNAH: A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
GANYIR LOMBIN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Crop Uptake ◽  
Crop Nutrition ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Cation Ratios

Crop uptake of the major cations from the soil solution depends not only on their absolute amounts but also on their quantitative relationships. The risk of accentuating nutrient deficiencies through unbalanced cation ratios arising from injudicious fertilization practices is particularly high in the poorly buffered, continuously cropped/fertilized savannah soils of Nigeria. This paper evaluates the preliminary results of a long-term investigation of the effects of continuous fertilization on soil cation ratios, crop nutrition and yield in northern Nigeria. The effects of nine factorial combinations of three levels (0, 25 and 50 kg∙ha−1) each of K and Mg (applied in 1976) are being monitored on two soils — Dystric Nitosol or Oxisol (at Mokwa) and Ferric Luvisol or Ultisol (at Yandev) using maize (Zea mays L.) as a test crop. Soil and index leaf K, Ca and Mg concentrations were related to yield by means of correlation and regression analyses. Maize yields were strongly and negatively related to soil exchangeable K, and percent in plant tissue, and highly significantly and positively correlated with percent Ca in plant tissue, soil Ca:K and (Ca + Mg):K ratios. It is thus evident that K depressed yields by creating unfavorable soil Ca:K, (Ca + Mg):K ratios, and to a lesser degree, Mg:K ratios through its repressive action on these two other cations. The results have demonstrated the practical significance of the inverse Ca-K relationship in crop nutrition with respect to the Nigerian savannah soils and have also shown the fragile nature of the balance between the major cations and how easily the balance can be upset by injudicious fertilizer use and management. This calls for caution in the development of fertilizer programs for the area. Use of fertilizers containing a high Ca concentration is suggested.

Effects of Fertilizers on Exchangeable Cation Ratios and Crop Nutrition in Northern Nigeria

1976 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Jones ◽  
K. R. Stockinger
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Exchangeable Cation ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
Crop Nutrition ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Magnesium Status ◽  
Cation Ratio ◽  
Cation Ratios

SUMMARYAnnual applications of calcium, potassium and nitrogen (as urea) over three years caused significant differences in soil exchangeable cation ratios and in the yields of subsequent groundnut and maize crops. High rates of potassium and nitrogen, combined with low rates of calcium, lowered groundnut yields, and high rates of potassium, enhanced by ploughing in crop-residue ash, seriously reduced the exchangeable Mg: K cation ratio and maize magnesium status. Maize yields were significantly negatively correlated with soil potassium status. The balance between exchangeable cations in these soils is very easily upset by injudicious combinations of fertilizers and management practices.

Research on the Economic Vitality of the Northeast China

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayue Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Regional Competitiveness ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Economic Vitality

 Economic vitality is an important indicator of regional competitiveness. The demand for talents and the vitality of enterprises in different regions are obvious to all and have practical significance. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a survey data model and conduct in-depth study on improving regional economic vitality from the perspective of policy.Based on a variety of forecasting methods, this paper analyzes the short-term and long-term impact of economic policies in Northeast China, and finally puts forward the factors that affect the economic vitality of northeast policies. Finally, the paper puts forward the feasibility and targeted suggestions of strengthening regional economic vitality, obtaining long-term development and building a more competitive city in the new era. 

scholarly journals Can Long-Term Experiments Predict Real Field N and P Balance and System Sustainability? Results from Maize, Winter Wheat, and Soybean Trials Using Mineral and Organic Fertilisers

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1472
Author(s):  
Ilaria Piccoli ◽  
Felice Sartori ◽  
Riccardo Polese ◽  
Maurizio Borin ◽  
Antonio Berti
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Organic Fertiliser ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
P Balance

Agri-environmental indicators such as nutrient balance may play a key role in soil and water quality monitoring, although short-term experiments might be unable to capture the sustainability of cropping systems. Therefore, the objectives of this study are: (i) to evaluate the reliability of long-term experimental N and P balance estimates to predict real field (RF) (i.e., short-term transitory) conditions; and (ii) to compare the sustainability of short- and long-term experiments. The LTE-based predictions showed that crops are generally over-fertilised in RF conditions, particularly maize. Nutrient balance predictions based on the LTE data tended to be more optimistic than those observed under RF conditions, which are often characterised by lower outputs; in particular, 13, 44, and 47% lower yields were observed for winter wheat, maize, and soybean, respectively, under organic management. The graphical evaluation of N and P use efficiency demonstrated the benefit of adopting crop rotation practices and the risk of nutrient loss when liquid organic fertiliser was applied on a long-term basis. In conclusion, LTE predictions may depend upon specific RF conditions, representing potential N and P use efficiencies that, in RF, may be reduced by crop yield-limiting factors and the specific implemented crop sequence.

Iron and copper, and their interactions during development

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1258-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Gambling ◽  
Henriette S. Andersen ◽  
Harry J. McArdle
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dietary Iron ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Pregnant State

During development, the fetus is entirely dependent on the mother for its nutrient requirements. Subsequently, it is a period when both are vulnerable to changes in dietary supply, especially of those nutrients that are marginal under normal circumstances. In developed countries, this applies mainly to micronutrients. Even now, iron deficiency is a common disorder, especially in pregnancy. Similarly, copper intake in the U.K. population is rarely above adequate levels. It is now becoming clear that nutrient deficiencies during pregnancy can result in problems for the offspring, in both the short- and long-term. Early studies showed that lambs born to mothers on copper-deficient pastures developed ‘swayback’, with neurological and muscular symptoms that could not be reversed by postnatal supplementation. Our own findings have shown that prenatal iron deficiency results in increased postnatal blood pressure, even though the offspring have normal dietary iron levels from birth. These observations emphasize the importance of iron and copper in growth and development. Complicating the situation further is the fact that copper and iron are known to interact with each other in many ways, including absorption and intracellular transport. However, their interactions during the pregnancy appear to be more complex than during the non-pregnant state. In the present review, we examine the importance of these metals and their interactions, the consequences, both short- and long-term, of deficiency and consider some possible mechanisms whereby these effects may be generated.

scholarly journals Prolonging healthy aging: Longevity vitamins and proteins

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (43) ◽  
pp. 10836-10844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce N. Ames
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pyrroloquinoline Quinone ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Survival Proteins

It is proposed that proteins/enzymes be classified into two classes according to their essentiality for immediate survival/reproduction and their function in long-term health: that is, survival proteins versus longevity proteins. As proposed by the triage theory, a modest deficiency of one of the nutrients/cofactors triggers a built-in rationing mechanism that favors the proteins needed for immediate survival and reproduction (survival proteins) while sacrificing those needed to protect against future damage (longevity proteins). Impairment of the function of longevity proteins results in an insidious acceleration of the risk of diseases associated with aging. I also propose that nutrients required for the function of longevity proteins constitute a class of vitamins that are here named “longevity vitamins.” I suggest that many such nutrients play a dual role for both survival and longevity. The evidence for classifying taurine as a conditional vitamin, and the following 10 compounds as putative longevity vitamins, is reviewed: the fungal antioxidant ergothioneine; the bacterial metabolites pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and queuine; and the plant antioxidant carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, α- and β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and the marine carotenoid astaxanthin. Because nutrient deficiencies are highly prevalent in the United States (and elsewhere), appropriate supplementation and/or an improved diet could reduce much of the consequent risk of chronic disease and premature aging.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF THE SURGICAL SOLUTIONS FOR FEEDING – A PREVENTION FACTOR FOR NUTRIENT BALANCE IMPAIRMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-200
Author(s):  
Corneliu Tudor ◽  
◽  
Costel Şavlovschi ◽  
Cristian Brănescu ◽  
Ahed El-Khatib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Postoperative Management ◽  
Postoperative Surveillance ◽  
Feeding Tubes ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Nursing Services ◽  
Limited Period

Aim. The paper aims, thanks to the long-standing practice, to synthesize the clinical experience gained during the surgery for feeding tubes management and highlight the details we had to deal with in order to overcome the local and general difficulties. Materials and method. A retrospective study was carried out over a period of 20 years (1996-2016), on the patients who underwent surgery for placing feeding tubes in our clinic. They were analyzed: the techniques used, the long-term evolution, the complications and the incidents and the way they were solved. Results. A total of 329 patients were enrolled in the study. The surgical techniques used were: classic surgical solutions (300 cases) and percutaneous endoscopic gatrostomy (PEG, 29 cases). For classical interventions, post-operative evolution was good in 219 patients (73%) and was complicated by various accidents and incidents in 81 cases (23%). The study presents the causes that may lead to these complications, the local and general, clinical and paraclinical consequences and the correct surgical attitude, as well as particular cases that required the adaptation of the surgical techniques to local anatomical and functional polymorphism. In the long run, the jejunostomy appears to be relatively inferior to gastrostomy, in terms of toland efficiency. PEG complications were minor and transient, but the reduced number of cases and the limited period of postoperative surveillance did not allow statistically significant conclusions to be drawn. Conclusions. The postoperative management of surgical feeding solutions requires permanent collaboration between surgeon, patient and outpatient nursing services at home and requires knowing and observing of a specific nursing protocol to avoid disturbing the nutrient balance of the patient.

scholarly journals FSBu 25/2018 “Accounting for Leases”   and IFRS 16 “Leases”: A comparative Analysis of Key Provisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
V. S. Plotnikov ◽  
O. V. Plotnikova
Keyword(s):  
Structural Information ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Lease Accounting ◽  
Comparative Description

The article is devoted to the problem of accounting reflection of rental relations, which has been the subject of discussion by professional accountants for more than 100 years. At present, more standards are devoted to this problem in world practice than to other accounting objects. Nevertheless, a number of issues remain unresolved. The methodological framework of the study is based on a comparative description of the provisions of IFRS 16 “Leases” and FSBU 25/2018 “Accounting for Leases” and includes a new institutional theory, Conceptual framework for the presentation of financial statements. The research methodology provides for the reclassification of balance sheet items, which allows for significant structural information regarding the reflection of rental objects. The analysis revealed the following differences in standards: the Russian FSBU 25/2018 unreasonably introduces accounting for leasing transactions into the financial lease accounting system; insufficiently convincingly and without proper evidence the issues of identification of financial lease accounting objects are covered. The prospective direction of accounting for financial leases is the possibility of reflecting the property transferred by the lessee as an element of the cost of financial capital, at the same time, the tenant’s long-term obligations should be recognized as existing obligations. The practical significance of the study is determined by the possibility of reducing the level of debt in the balance of the parties to the lease transaction.

II. Sublethal Effects And Changes In Ecosystems - Assessment of the effects of pollutants on physiology and behaviour

1971 ◽  
Vol 177 (1048) ◽  
pp. 307-320 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Mining Wastes ◽  
Fundamental Interest ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Many pollutants, even when present in the water in concentrations well below lethal levels, may cause marked changes in the physiology and behaviour of fish. The work reported deals mainly with salmonids. The responses to insecticides are particularly interesting. Of fundamental interest is the suggestion that DDT seems to act by interfering with the normal thermal acclimation mechanism(s), probably within the central nervous system. The results are not without practical significance. Some responses, including those induced by heavy metal ions from mining wastes, may cause long-term ecological changes of consequence.

A publication that can hardly be overestimated

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Kh.I. Bakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Significance ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

The article analyzes the three-volume edition «History of kabardino-circassian literature», prepared by a team of literary scholars of the Kabardino-Balkarian Institute for Humanitarian Research, the last volume of which was published recently. The difficult and long-term path of the creation of this scientific ore is traced, the changes that have taken place in the work project are indicated, their objective and subjective reasons are clarified. Initially, it was planned to study only the Kabardian literary process, but in the course of it, the authors added the work of Circassian writers, and then the literature created by the Adygs in the foreign diasporas, which increased the significance of the work. It is indicated that in the «History of kabardino-circassian literature» not all bright creative individuals have separate chapters. It is proposed, in addition to this edition, to write a monograph, where separately consider the work of B. Utizhev, Kh. Beshtokov, K. Duguzhev and poets and writers who have revealed their potential in recent years (there is such a plan in the sector of «Kabardino-Circassian literature» KBIGR. In conclusion the article emphasizes the theoretical and practical significance of the topical work of leading Adygean literary critics.

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