Brain tumor development in rats is associated with changes in central nervous system cytokine and neuropeptide systems

1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey E Ilyin ◽  
Dave Gayle ◽  
Ignacio González-Gómez ◽  
Mary E Miele ◽  
Carlos R Plata-Salamán
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Tumor Development

EPID-24. TRANSCRIPT: A cenTRAl NERVOUS SYSTEM CANCER CLINICAL tRIals PostmorTem

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi91-vi91
Author(s):  
Yeonju Kim ◽  
Terri Armstrong ◽  
Mark Gilbert ◽  
Orieta Celiku
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Patient Reported

Abstract BACKGROUND Despite the growing number of neuro-oncology clinical trials, there have been limited advances in the treatment of malignant primary central nervous system tumors. We surveyed the landscape of past, ongoing, and planned trials to assess trends in their interventions, outcomes, and design considerations to guide future studies. METHODS Data on interventional trials on ClinicalTrials.gov were accessed programmatically using AACT and R. Neuro-oncology trials were isolated using primary malignant brain tumor classification terms. Instrument names from PROQOLID were used to identify clinical outcome assessment (COA) use. Linear regression was used to assess chronological trends; power analyses utilized CBTRUS survival rates among trials investigating overall survival. RESULTS We identified 3039 interventional brain tumor trials that started between 1966 and 2025. Trials were most frequently phase II (43%), completed (40%), non-blinded (92%), single-group assignment (65%), non-randomized (51%) studies targeting glioblastoma (45%). Planned outcomes were reported by 93% of trials; this included adverse event or toxicity (54%), overall/x-year survival (44%), progression free survival (43%), maximum tolerated dose (16%), and objective response rate (14%). Evaluating the anticipated and actual trial enrollment, we estimate that only 10% and 8% of trial arms, respectively, were sufficiently powered to assess overall survival endpoints. 21% of trials mentioned the use of a COA (first trial initiated in 1992), majority of which were patient-reported outcomes. Among these, 25% and 58% reported COA as a primary or secondary outcome, respectively. The rate of COA use increased linearly over time at 1.1%/year but remained less than 5 trials per year until 2003. Ongoing work is investigating treatment mechanisms of actions and evidence of preclinical efficacy among brain tumor studies. CONCLUSIONS Low randomization rates and underpowered trial design may impede interpretability of efficacy. Increasing trends in COA use suggests cumulative influence of advocacy efforts to holistically evaluate net clinical benefit of interventions.

scholarly journals Phase I trial of weekly MK-0752 in children with refractory central nervous system malignancies: a pediatric brain tumor consortium study

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1283-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey M. Hoffman ◽  
Maryam Fouladi ◽  
James Olson ◽  
Vinay M. Daryani ◽  
Clinton F. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase I Trial ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽  
Pediatric Brain

scholarly journals The Role of the JC Virus in Central Nervous System Tumorigenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6236
Author(s):  
Nicholas Ahye ◽  
Anna Bellizzi ◽  
Dana May ◽  
Hassen S. Wollebo
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Jc Virus ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Merkel Cell

Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. The study of DNA tumor-inducing viruses and their oncoproteins as a causative agent in cancer initiation and tumor progression has greatly enhanced our understanding of cancer cell biology. The initiation of oncogenesis is a complex process. Specific gene mutations cause functional changes in the cell that ultimately result in the inability to regulate cell differentiation and proliferation effectively. The human neurotropic Polyomavirus JC (JCV) belongs to the family Polyomaviridae and it is the causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), which is a fatal neurodegenerative disease in an immunosuppressed state. Sero-epidemiological studies have indicated JCV infection is prevalent in the population (85%) and that initial infection usually occurs during childhood. The JC virus has small circular, double-stranded DNA that includes coding sequences for viral early and late proteins. Persistence of the virus in the brain and other tissues, as well as its potential to transform cells, has made it a subject of study for its role in brain tumor development. Earlier observation of malignant astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in PML, as well as glioblastoma formation in non-human primates inoculated with JCV, led to the hypothesis that JCV plays a role in central nervous system (CNS) tumorigenesis. Some studies have reported the presence of both JC viral DNA and its proteins in several primary brain tumor specimens. The discovery of new Polyomaviruses such as the Merkel cell Polyomavirus, which is associated with Merkel cell carcinomas in humans, ignited our interest in the role of the JC virus in CNS tumors. The current evidence known about JCV and its effects, which are sufficient to produce tumors in animal models, suggest it can be a causative factor in central nervous system tumorigenesis. However, there is no clear association between JCV presence in CNS and its ability to initiate CNS cancer and tumor formation in humans. In this review, we will discuss the correlation between JCV and tumorigenesis of CNS in animal models, and we will give an overview of the current evidence for the JC virus’s role in brain tumor formation.

scholarly journals Will primary central nervous system lymphoma be the most frequent brain tumor diagnosed in the year 2000?

Cancer ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
pp. 2409-2413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin W. Corn, ◽  
Sue M. Marcus, ◽  
Allan Topham ◽  
Walter Hauck, ◽  
Walter J. Curran
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Year 2000

scholarly journals EPID-23. A SYSTEMIC REVIEW OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS IN AFRICA FROM 1960 – 2017 AND THE NEED FOR A CENTRAL BRAIN TUMOR REGISTRY IN AFRICA

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii83-ii83
Author(s):  
Marilyn Mbi Feh ◽  
Ankita Brahmaroutu ◽  
Kristopher Lyon ◽  
Ekokobe Fonkem
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Tumor Registry ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Central Brain

Abstract PURPOSE Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors pose a substantial health problem. Although data on specific time periods and regions of Africa has been previously reported, no study has yet to provide a systemic review on the frequency of CNS tumors for the entire continent of Africa. This study aims to analyze the frequency of CNS tumors in Africa from 1960 to 2017. METHODS A comprehensive literature search on CNS tumors in Africa was performed using multiple online scientific databases. The following keywords were queried in combination with the phrase “CNS tumors in Africa”: incidence, frequency, epidemiology, prevalence, brain, and cancer. A total of 26 articles met the inclusion criteria. Each selected article reported incidence and mortality rates from different regions of Africa between 1960 to 2017. SPSS21 statistical software was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Nigeria, Egypt, and Uganda were found to have the highest incidence of CNS tumors in Africa. Total incidence was 5902, the majority were males, 3190 with mean rate 122.67 (95% CI: 29.27, 216.07) compared to females, 2501 with a mean rate of 96.19 (95% CI: 26.24, 166.15). The most common CNS tumors found were astrocytoma (24.70%), meningioma (22.22%), pituitary adenoma (8.4%), medulloblastoma (4.26%), craniopharyngioma (4.07%), and other not specified (25.17%). CONCLUSION Given the large population of Africa, the reported total incidence may be underestimated when compared to other continents due to the lack of a central brain tumor registry in Africa. Comprehensive knowledge of CNS tumors in Africa is critical to research and the entire healthcare system.

Novel Homeodomain Transcription Factor Nkx2.2 in the Brain Tumor Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubeena P.M. Mariyath ◽  
Mehdi H. Shahi ◽  
Shirin Farheen ◽  
Mohd Tayyab ◽  
Nabeela Khanam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Homeodomain Transcription Factor ◽  
Shh Pathway ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Background: Complex central nervous system (CNS) is made up of neuronal cells and glial cells. Cells of central nervous system are able to regenerate after injury and during repairing. Sonic hedgehog pathway initiated by Shh-N a glycoprotein plays vital role in CNS patterning growth, development and now tumorigenesis. Nkx2.2 homeodomain transcription factor is an effecter molecule, which is positively regulated by Shh during normal growth. Nkx2.2 is essential for V3 domain specification during neural tube patterning at embryonic stage. MBP + oligodendrocytes are differentiated from progenitor cells which express Olig2. Nx2.2 is co-expressed with Olig2 in oligodendrocytes and is essential for later stage of oligodendrocyte maturation. Objective: This review paper explores the potential role of Nkx2.2 transcription factor in glioblastoma development. Conclusion: Shh pathway plays a vital role in oligodendrocytes differentiation and Nkx2.2 transcription factor is essential for oligodendrocytes differentiation and maturation. Intriguingly, down regulation of Nkx2.2 transcription factor with aberrant Shh signaling pathway is reported in glioma samples. So here it is suggested that Nkx2.2 expression pattern could be used as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of glioma.

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