Increase in plasma adenosine during brain ischemia in man: A study during transient ischemic attacks, and stroke

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Laghi Pasini ◽  
Francesca Guideri ◽  
Eugenio Picano ◽  
Giuliano Parenti ◽  
Christina Petersen ◽  
...  
2020 ◽  
pp. 192-212
Author(s):  
Louis R. Caplan

Abstract: This chapter describes Fisher’s contributions in regard to the presence, nature, and severity of carotid artery and cerebral atherosclerosis and the symptoms and signs in patients with brain ischemia and infarction; transient ischemic attacks; the nature and symptoms related to dissection of brain-supplying arteries; and hydrocephalus and gait abnormalities in older adults. Fisher made many contributions to medicine. Arguably his major contribution to the care of patients with cerebrovascular disease and brain ischemia and strokes was his lengthy descriptions and diagrams of the symptoms and signs in patients with occlusive cerebrovascular disease that appeared in textbooks of internal medicine and neurology.


Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Burrello ◽  
Giovanni Bianco ◽  
Alessio Burrello ◽  
Concetta Manno ◽  
Francesco Maulucci ◽  
...  

Background and Purpose: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising biomarkers for cerebral ischemic diseases, but not systematically tested in patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). We aimed at (1) investigating the profile of EV-surface antigens in patients with symptoms suspicious for TIA; (2) developing and validating a predictive model for TIA diagnosis based on a specific EV-surface antigen profile. Methods: We analyzed 40 subjects with symptoms suspicious for TIA and 20 healthy controls from a training cohort. An independent cohort of 28 subjects served as external validation. Patients were stratified according to likelihood of having a real ischemic event using the Precise Diagnostic Score, defined as: unlikely (score 0–1), possible-probable (score 2–3), or very likely (score 4–8). Serum vesicles were quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis and EV-surface antigen profile characterized by multiplex flow cytometry. Results: EV concentration increased in patients with very likely or possible-probable TIA ( P <0.05) compared with controls. Nanoparticle concentration was directly correlated with the Precise Diagnostic score ( R =0.712; P <0.001). After EV immuno-capturing, CD8, CD2, CD62P, melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, CD42a, CD44, CD326, CD142, CD31, and CD14 were identified as discriminants between groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed a reliable diagnostic performance for each of these markers taken individually and for a compound marker derived from their linear combinations (area under the curve, 0.851). Finally, a random forest model combining the expression levels of selected markers achieved an accuracy of 96% and 78.9% for discriminating patients with a very likely TIA, in the training and external validation cohort, respectively. Conclusions: The EV-surface antigen profile appears to be different in patients with transient symptoms adjudicated to be very likely caused by brain ischemia compared with patients whose symptoms were less likely to due to brain ischemia. We propose an algorithm based on an EV-surface-antigen specific signature that might aid in the recognition of TIA.


2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S507-S507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Shichita ◽  
Hiroaki Ooboshi ◽  
Yasuhiro Kumai ◽  
Masahiro Kumai ◽  
Junichi Takada ◽  
...  

Fitoterapia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
L. V. Andriyuk ◽  
◽  
A. V. Yermolaieva ◽  
N. V. Matsko ◽  
O. V. Grabous ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
А.А. Соколовская ◽  
Э.Д. Вирюс ◽  
В.В. Александрин ◽  
А.С. Роткина ◽  
К.А. Никифорова ◽  
...  

Цель исследования. Ишемические повреждения головного мозга, являются одной из наиболее частой причин инвалидности и смертности во всем мире. Недавно была установлена роль апоптоза тромбоцитов в патофизиологии инсульта, однако его механизмы до сих пор остаются невыясненными. Несмотря на различные экспериментальные модели, направленные на мониторинг апоптоза тромбоцитов, результаты, относительно изучения и выявления апоптоза тромбоцитов при ишемии головного мозга у крыс, весьма немногочисленны. Цель исследования - анализ апоптоза тромбоцитов с помощью метода проточной цитофлуориметрии на модели глобальной ишемии мозга у крыс. Методика. В экспериментах использовано 6 крыс-самцов Вистар в возрасте от 5 до 6 мес., разделенных на 2 группы: интактный контроль (К) и глобальная ишемия головного мозга. Модель глобальной ишемии головного мозга у крыс воспроизводилась путём билатеральной окклюзии общих сонных артерий на фоне гипотензии. Уровень системного артериального давления снижали посредством кровопотери до 40-45 мм рт. ст. Суспензию тромбоцитов крыс получали методом гельфильтрации с использованием сефарозы 2B. Для анализа экстернализации фосфатидилсерина (ФС) тромбоциты крыс инкубировали с Аннексином V-PE в связывающем буфере. Для оценки митохондриального мембранного потенциала (ММП) тромбоциты инкубировали с катионным красителем JC-1. После инкубации образцы немедленно анализировали на проточном цитофлуориметре FACSCalibur (Becton Dickinson, США). Результаты. Согласно полученным данным, экстернализация ФС на тромбоцитах крыс, перенесших инсульт, была значительно выше (53,45 ± 4,21%), чем в контрольной группе крыс (5,27 ± 2,40%). Данный эффект подтверждается выраженной деполяризацией митохондриальных мембран (DYm). После экспериментальной ишемии мозга почти 40% тромбоцитов было деполяризовано. Заключение. Использованный в работе подбор методов и маркеров обеспечивает понимание механизмов апоптоза тромбоцитов как в экспериментальных, так и в клинических условиях. Полученные данные позволяют сделать заключение, что апоптоз тромбоцитов является одним из факторов развития глобальной ишемии головного мозга у крыс. Результаты могут быть использованы для понимания механизмов, участвующих в развитии ишемического повреждения, что, в свою очередь, может быть использовано при разработке новых терапевтических стратегий. Aim. Stroke is one of the most common causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Multiple experimental models of stroke have focused on monitoring of platelet apoptosis. However, studies on and detection of platelet apoptosis in rats with ischemic stroke are very scarce. We investigated platelet apoptosis in rats with global brain ischemia using flow cytometry. Methods. Experiments were carried out on healthy, adult Wistar male rats weighing 300-350 g. The rats were divided into the following 2 groups: intact rats and rats with global brain ischemia. Global brain ischemia was induced by two-vessel (2-VO) carotid occlusion in combination with hypotension. Systemic blood pressure was reduced by 40-45 mm Hg by inducing haemorrhage. Platelets were isolated by gel filtration on Sepharose 2B. For evaluation of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, platelets were incubated with Annexin V-PE and analyzed on FACSCalibur (BD Biosciences). Mitochondrial membrane potential (DY) was measured during platelets apoptosis using JC-1, a mitochondrial membrane potential indicator. Platelets were analyzed by flow cytometry immediately after the incubation. Results. PS externalization on platelets was significantly greater after global brain ischemia (53.45 ± 4.21%) than in the control group (5.27 ± 2.40%). Pronounced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (DYm) confirmed this finding. In the rat group with experimental brain ischemia, almost 40% (35.24 ± 5.21%) of platelets were depolarized. Conclusion. Our results provide insight into mechanisms involved in platelet apoptosis during ischemic stroke and can be used in further development of new therapeutic strategies.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
S. S. Mashchenko ◽  
◽  
A. N. Stoyanov ◽  
V. I. Dariy ◽  
V. I. Kalashnikov ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Mitchell W. Couldwell ◽  
Samuel Cheshier ◽  
Philipp Taussky ◽  
Vance Mortimer ◽  
William T. Couldwell

Moyamoya is an uncommon disease that presents with stenoocclusion of the major vasculature at the base of the brain and associated collateral vessel formation. Many pediatric patients with moyamoya present with transient ischemic attacks or complete occlusions. The authors report the case of a 9-year-old girl who presented with posterior fossa hemorrhage and was treated with an emergency suboccipital craniotomy for evacuation. After emergency surgery, an angiogram was performed, and the patient was diagnosed with moyamoya disease. Six months later, the patient was treated for moyamoya using direct and indirect revascularization; after surgery there was excellent vascularization in both regions of the bypass and no further progression of moyamoya changes. This case illustrates a rare example of intracerebral hemorrhage associated with moyamoya changes in the posterior vascularization in a pediatric patient and subsequent use of direct and indirect revascularization to reduce the risk of future hemorrhage and moyamoya progression.


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