HEAD INJURIES IN CHILDREN : ROLE OF X-RAY SKULL, CT SCAN BRAIN AND IN-HOSPITAL OBSERVATION

Background: Wrists injuries are one of the common presentations to emergency departments and orthopaedic clinics. The scaphoid bone is the most commonly injured of the carpal bones accounting for 50-80% of carpal injuries and predominantly occurs in young healthy individuals. Scaphoid fractures are the most problematic to diagnose in a clinical setting because it can take up to 6 weeks for scaphoid fractures to become conclusive on plain X-ray films. Aim of the study was to retrospective study was carried out to study the role of early CT scan in diagnosis of occult scaphoid fractures.Methods: A total of 123 patients presented with an acute wrist injury with subsequent signs of scaphoid injury in the absence of a diagnostic fracture on plain X-ray within the time period from June 2014 to May 2016 in a tertiary care centre.Results: This study shows that 31% of normal X-rays were pathological on CT scan and out of these; scaphoid fractures (74% of pathologies) represent a large number of patients with fractures that were missed by initial plain films.Conclusions: This study shows an extremely high false-negative rate for plain X-rays and advocate CT at the first attendance to fracture clinic if there is suspicion of scaphoid injury. An earlier diagnosis leads to appropriate management and reduces restrictions to the patient in terms of prolonged immobilization and repeated clinical reviews.

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ROLE OF CT SCAN IN ORBITAL INJURY- A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH X-RAY FILM OF SKULL IN SOUTHERN PART OF ODISHA

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2017/1062 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (90) ◽

pp. 5314-5317

Author(s):

Santosh Kumar Sethi ◽

Bipin Kishore Bara ◽

Sujata Padhy ◽

Sabita Devi ◽

Ashis Bhoi

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Ct Scan ◽

X Ray

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Role of CT-Scan versus Chest X-RAY in the Diagnosis of Community-Acquired Pneumonia

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2017.601.090 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 755-760

Author(s):

Eliane El-Sarraf ◽

Nayla Nicolas ◽

Souheil Hallit ◽

Rabih Hallit

Keyword(s):

Ct Scan ◽

Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽

X Ray ◽

Chest X Ray

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Assessment of the Awareness and Attitude of Emergency Physicians towards the use of Computed Tomography in patients with head injury in various hospitals in Anambra State, Nigeria

10.36811/ojrmi.2020.110006 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 01-14

Author(s):

Okechukwu Mary-Ann C

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Head Injury ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Emergency Physicians ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

X Ray ◽

Anambra State

The use of x-ray and computed tomography scan is critical in the management of traumatic conditions, particularly head injuries. This study was carried out to assess the level of awareness and attitude of Emergency physicians towards the use of CT in cases of head injury. A cross-sectional study was done among emergency physicians working in five different government hospitals in Anambra State. Among the respondents were 29% males and 4% females: mean age was 35.7 years while their modal age was 31-40 years. All the respondents, 33 (100%) stated they find CT scan as a useful diagnostic medical imaging modality. However less than half of them, 15 (45.5%) stated they refer patients for CT scan for those patients that need it. Whereas most of them, 20 (64.5%) stated that head injury patients should undergo both X-Ray and CT scan virtually all of them 32 (97%), responded that computed tomography, (CT) is better than skull x-ray in the examination of head injury. Though majority of the respondents 31 (93%), stated that CT scan subject the patient to some risks. All those who responded and thought that CT scan should continue to be used as medical diagnostic imaging modality were 33 (100%). The result of the study showed that most of the emergency physicians are aware of the usefulness of CT in the examination of patients presenting with head injury, but the non- availability and cost of services of the CT imaging equipment greatly affected the rate of request for the examination and has affected their attitude towards the use of this imaging modality in the examination of this category of patients in need of it.

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Relationship Between Presence Of Osteolytic Lesions, Cytogenetic Features and Bone Marrow Levels Of Cytokines and Chemokines In Multiple Myeloma Patients: Role Of Chemokine (C-C motif) Ligand 20

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v122.21.3110.3110 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 122 (21) ◽

pp. 3110-3110

Author(s):

Nicola Giuliani ◽

Benedetta Dalla Palma ◽

Daniela Guasco ◽

Mario Pedrazzoni ◽

Marina Bolzoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ct Scan ◽

Bone Disease ◽

Activin A ◽

X Ray ◽

Skeletal Involvement ◽

Cytokines And Chemokines ◽

Pet Ct ◽

Standard Risk ◽

Pet Ct Scan

Abstract Osteolytic lesions are the main feature of multiple myeloma (MM) patients. In the last years the pathophysiological role of several cytokines and chemokines such as RANKL, osteoprotegerin (OPG), DKK-1, Interleukin- (IL)-3, IL-7, Activin A, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-3 and CCL20 has been highlighted in MM bone disease although the relationships between their bone marrow (BM) levels, cytogenetic features and the skeletal involvement are not yet defined. A total cohort of 365 consecutive patients with monoclonal gammopathy has been evaluated in this study including 250 patients with symptomatic MM, 62 patients with smoldering MM (SMM) and 53 patients with MGUS. A group of 29 healthy subjects was also included. X-ray survey, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET)/computerized tomography (CT) scan were performed in MM patients The presence of the main cytogenetic abnormalities (hyperdiploid karyotype, del13, t(4;14), t(11;14), 17p-, amp1) has been investigated in purified CD138+ MM cells by FISH analysis and the BM plasma levels of soluble (s) and total RANKL, OPG, IL-3, IL-7, DKK-1, Activin A, CCL3 and CCL20 were measured by ELISA assay. Quantitative variables were compared by non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests as appropriate and categorical variables were analyzed by Chi-square test. MM patients showed higher BM median levels of Activin A, sRANKL, DKK-1, CCL20 and IL-7 as compared to N (p<0.05) and those of Activin A, DKK-1 and CCL20 as compared to MGUS and to SMM (p<0.01). BM plasma levels of Activin A, sRANKL and sRANKL/OPG ratio were significant higher in high-risk cytogenetic MM patients as compared to standard risk ones (p<0.05) as well as Activin A, CCL3 and CCL20 BM levels correlated with ISS staging being higher in stage III as compared to stage I and II (p<0.005). Regarding the bone status we found that 60%, 86% and 66% of MM patients were positive at X-ray survey, MRI and PET/CT scan respectively. Any significant relationship was not observed between X-rays or PET/CT scan positivity and the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities (p=NS) whereas MM patients with high-risk cytogenetic showed higher positivity to the MRI scan than standard risk (100% vs. 77%, p=0.03). Significant higher BM levels of DKK-1 and CCL20 (p<0.005) were found in all MM patients with almost one osteolytic lesion as compared to those negative at the X-ray survey whereas Activin A (p=0.05), DKK-1 (p=0.009) CCL3 (p=0.05), and CCL20 (p<0.001) were significantly higher into the BM of patients with high bone disease (more than three lesions) as compared to those with low bone disease. MM patients with a positive MRI scan have higher BM levels of RANKL, DKK-1, CCL3 and CCL20 as compared to those negative (p<0.05). On the other hand, MM patients positive at the PET/CT scan with more of three lesions have significant higher BM levels of RANKL and CCL3 as compared to those negative or with less of three lesions (p<0.05). Finally by a logistic multivariate analysis we found that among the cytokines and chemokines analyzed and the clinical and cytogenetic features CCL20 levels were the only significant predictor of the presence of skeletal involvement (OD ratio: 1.03; p=0.014). In conclusion our study defines the relationship between skeletal involvement, cytogenetic feature and the profiles of BM cytokines and chemokines showing that CCL20 is a critical marker related to the presence of osteolytic bone disease in MM patients. Disclosures: Giuliani: Celgene Italy: Research Funding.

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Congenital Pyloric Atresia with Distal Duodenal Atresia- Role of CT Scan

Journal of Neonatal Surgery ◽

10.47338/jns.v3.101 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Yogender Singh Kadian ◽

KN Rattan

Keyword(s):

Ct Scan ◽

Duodenal Atresia ◽

Exact Nature ◽

Pyloric Atresia ◽

Radiological Investigation ◽

X Ray ◽

Preoperative Ct ◽

Contrast Studies ◽

The Ideal

The mainstay of diagnosis of congenital pyloric atresia is by plain X-ray of the abdomen showing a large gas bubble with no gas distally. But very rarely it can be associated with distal duodenal atresia when the baby may present as lump abdomen. In such a situation apart from the X-ray, another radiological investigation is needed to delineate the exact nature of the lump. Since the role of ultrasonography is limited in intestinal pathologies and contrast studies are not informative in atresias, the CT scan is the ideal choice. We had managed a case of pyloric atresia with similar presentation with preoperative CT scan.

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Digital x-ray mapping of nanometer-size supported bimetallic catalysts

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100104716 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 530-531

Author(s):

L. T. Germinario

Keyword(s):

Background Radiation ◽

Metal Cluster ◽

Single Element ◽

Beam Diameter ◽

X Rays ◽

X Ray ◽

Major Interest ◽

Induced Changes

Understanding the role of metal cluster composition in determining catalytic selectivity and activity is of major interest in heterogeneous catalysis. The electron microscope is well established as a powerful tool for ultrastructural and compositional characterization of support and catalyst. Because the spatial resolution of x-ray microanalysis is defined by the smallest beam diameter into which the required number of electrons can be focused, the dedicated STEM with FEG is the instrument of choice. The main sources of errors in energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDS) are: (1) beam-induced changes in specimen composition, (2) specimen drift, (3) instrumental factors which produce background radiation, and (4) basic statistical limitations which result in the detection of a finite number of x-ray photons. Digital beam techniques have been described for supported single-element metal clusters with spatial resolutions of about 10 nm. However, the detection of spurious characteristic x-rays away from catalyst particles produced images requiring several image processing steps.

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The role of silicon in forages: A quantitative X-Ray study

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100126871 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 416-417

Author(s):

Janet H. Woodward ◽

D. E. Akin

Keyword(s):

Sodium Acetate ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Acetate Buffer ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽

X Ray ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Percent Composition

Silicon (Si) is distributed throughout plant tissues, but its role in forages has not been clarified. Although Si has been suggested as an antiquality factor which limits the digestibility of structural carbohydrates, other research indicates that its presence in plants does not affect digestibility. We employed x-ray microanalysis to evaluate Si as an antiquality factor at specific sites of two cultivars of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactvlon (L.) Pers.). “Coastal” and “Tifton-78” were chosen for this study because previous work in our lab has shown that, although these two grasses are similar ultrastructurally, they differ in in vitro dry matter digestibility and in percent composition of Si.Two millimeter leaf sections of Tifton-7 8 (Tift-7 8) and Coastal (CBG) were incubated for 72 hr in 2.5% (w/v) cellulase in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0. For controls, sections were incubated in the sodium acetate buffer or were not treated.

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Pathophysiological function of the mitochondria as a calcium reservoir: Quantitative x-ray microanalysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100134417 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 164-165

Author(s):

K. Teraoka ◽

N. Kaneko ◽

Y. Horikawa ◽

T. Uchida ◽

R. Matsuda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bolus Injection ◽

Contact Method ◽

X Ray

The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of the mitochondria as a store of calcium(Ca) under the condition of pathophysiological Ca overload induced by a rise in extracellular Ca concentration and the administration of isoproterenol.Eight rats were employed, and hearts were perfused as in the Langendorff method with Krebs-Henseleit solution gassed with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Tow specimens were perfused with 2mM Ca for 30 min, and 2 were perfused with 5.5 mM Ca for 20 min. 4 specimens were perfused with 2 mM Ca for 5 min, and of these 4, 2 were infused with 10-7 mM/kg/min. isoproterenol for 5 min, and 2 were given a bolus injection of 3 x 10-7 mM isoproterenol. After rapid-cryofixation by the metal-mirror contact method with a Reichert-Jung KF80/MM80, and cryosectioning at -160 to -180° C with a Reichert-Jung Ultracut Fc-4E, ultrathin specimens (100nm) were free-ze-dreid for several hours at 10-5 Torr in the JEOL FD 7000, and mitochondrial Ca was determined by quantitative x-ray micranalysis (JEOL 1200EX, LINK AN 10000S).

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Ionic homeostasis and subcellular element compartmentation

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010013434x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 150-151

Author(s):

Ann LeFurgey ◽

Peter Ingram ◽

J.J. Blum ◽

M.C. Carney ◽

L.A. Hawkey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leishmania Major ◽

Ionic Homeostasis ◽

X Ray ◽

Functional Studies ◽

Cell Compartments ◽

X Ray Imaging ◽

Resolution Electron ◽

Multiple Cell ◽

Role Of Zn

Subcellular compartments commonly identified and analyzed by high resolution electron probe x-ray microanalysis (EPXMA) include mitochondria, cytoplasm and endoplasmic or sarcoplasmic reticulum. These organelles and cell regions are of primary importance in regulation of cell ionic homeostasis. Correlative structural-functional studies, based on the static probe method of EPXMA combined with biochemical and electrophysiological techniques, have focused on the role of these organelles, for example, in maintaining cell calcium homeostasis or in control of excitation-contraction coupling. New methods of real time quantitative x-ray imaging permit simultaneous examination of multiple cell compartments, especially those areas for which both membrane transport properties and element content are less well defined, e.g. nuclei including euchromatin and heterochromatin, lysosomes, mucous granules, storage vacuoles, microvilli. Investigations currently in progress have examined the role of Zn-containing polyphosphate vacuoles in the metabolism of Leishmania major, the distribution of Na, K, S and other elements during anoxia in kidney cell nuclel and lysosomes; the content and distribution of S and Ca in mucous granules of cystic fibrosis (CF) nasal epithelia; the uptake of cationic probes by mltochondria in cultured heart ceils; and the junctional sarcoplasmic retlculum (JSR) in frog skeletal muscle.

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