Photo-neuroendocrine control of seasonal cycles in body weight, pelage growth and reproduction: lessons from the HPD sheep model

1998 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A Lincoln ◽  
M Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Seasonal Cycles ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Neuroendocrine Control ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

DIETARY CALCIUM-PHOSPHORUS LEVELS FOR GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION IN GILTS AND SOWS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. GRANDHI ◽  
J. H. STRAIN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Phosphorus Levels ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

The effect of feeding barley-wheat-soya finisher, gestation and lactation diets containing (A) 1979 National Research Council (NRC) recommended calcium-phosphorus (Ca-P) levels or (B) 150% of NRC levels from 65 kg body weight (Bwt) on growth and reproduction was studied in two experiments using Lacombe (L) and Yorkshire (Y) gilts. The number of gilts used were 299 (148 L + 151 Y) and 107 (53 Y + 54 Y) in exp. 1 and 216 (106 L + 110 Y) and 101 (49 L + 52 Y) in exp. 2 during finishing and gestation-lactation periods, respectively. The reproductive performance during second parity was measured only in exp. 2 using 85 (36 L + 49 Y) primiparous sows. All pigs were housed in confinement except during breeding and gestation, when they were housed in outside dirt-lot pens. Average daily gain, feed intake, and feed conversion were similar for gilts fed finisher diets A or B in both experiments. In exp. 1, both L and Y gilts fed gestation diet B had more (P < 0.05) total (9.5 ± 0.3 vs. 8.6 ± 0.3) and live pigs (9.2 ± 0.3 vs. 8.2 ± 0.3) born and weaned (7.7 ± 0.3 vs 6.9 ± 0.2) with lower piglet weight gains at 3 wk (3.5 ± 0.1 vs. 3.9 ± 0.1 kg) and 5 wk (6.9 ± 0.2 vs. 7.5 ± 0.2 kg) when compared to gestation diet A group. These differences were not significant in exp. 2. Higher dietary Ca-P levels elevated the serum P during both gestation (7.3 ± 0.1 vs. 7.0 ± 0.1 mg/dL) and lactation (6.2 ± 0.1 vs. 5.9 ± 0.1 mg/dL) periods in exp. 1 but not in exp. 2. The changes in body weight during gestation and lactation, piglet birth weights, and weaning to estrus interval were similar for both treatment groups. These results indicated that the 1979 NRC recommended dietary Ca-P levels may be adequate to support the maximum growth and reproduction in gilts during finishing and lactation but are too low for gestation. Key words: Calcium, phosphorus, gilts, sows, growth, reproduction

Hypothalamic control of photoperiod-induced cycles in food intake, body weight, and metabolic hormones in rams

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (1) ◽  
pp. R76-R90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald A. Lincoln ◽  
Stewart M. Rhind ◽  
Sueli Pompolo ◽  
Iain J. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Short Days

This study used a hypothalamo-pituitary disconnected (HPD) sheep model to investigate the central regulation of long-term cycles in voluntary food intake (VFI) and body weight (BW). VFI, BW, and circulating concentrations of metabolic hormones [α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin, and leptin] were measured in HPD and control Soay rams exposed to alternating 16 weekly periods of long and short days for 80 wk. In the controls, the physiology was cyclical with a 32-wk periodicity corresponding to the lighting regimen. VFI and BW increased under long days to a maximum early into short days, and there were associated increases in blood concentrations of α-MSH, insulin, and leptin. In the HPD rams, there were no significant photoperiod-induced changes in any of the parameters. VFI increased after surgery for 8 wk and then gradually declined, although BW increased progressively and the HPD rams became obese. Concentrations of α-MSH, insulin, and leptin in peripheral blood were permanently increased (>200%), and levels of IGF-1 decreased (<55%). The HPD lesion effectively destroyed the entire median eminence [no nerve terminals immunostained for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone] and the adjacent arcuate nucleus (no perikarya immunostained for proopiomelanocortin or TH, and no cells expressed neuropeptide Y mRNA). The results support the conclusion that arcuate hypothalamic systems generate long-term rhythms in VFI, BW, and energy balance.

scholarly journals RADE-OFFS DAN COST OF PLASTICITY SIFAT PERTUMBUHAN DAN REPRODUKSI PADA PERSILANGAN UDANG GALAH (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) DALAM SALINITAS BERBEDA

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Wartono Hadie ◽  
Irin Iriana Kusmini ◽  
Lies Emmawati Hadie
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh salinitas pada karakter pertumbuhan dan reproduksi dalam bentuk trade-offs dan cost of plasticity. Benih udang galah dengan bobot 0,01 ± 0,012 g dipelihara pada tiga level salinitas 0‰, 10‰, dan 15‰ dengan tiga ulangan. Sembilan persilangan diperoleh dari perkawinan antar dan dalam strain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada salinitas 10‰, udang memperlambat pertumbuhan sebesar 16,4% dan pada salinitas 15‰ memperlambat pertumbuhan 34,5%. Trade-offs terjadi dengan menurunkan fekunditas sebesar 0,47% pada salinitas 10‰, dan sebesar 18,73% pada salinitas 15‰. Sintasan udang mengalami penurunan sebesar 33,04% pada salainitas 10‰, dan 41,99% pada salinitas 15‰. Pertumbuhan udang terbaik terjadi pada salinitas 0‰ dengan rataan bobot mencapai 25,16 g, sintasan sebesar 63,17%, dan fekunditas berjumlah 23.384 butir telur.Research aimed to evaluated the effects of growth and reproduction trait in salinity expressed on the trade-offs and cost of plasticity. Giant prawn juvenile 0.01 ± 0.012 g of body weight were reared at three different salinities level i.e. 0‰, 10‰, and 15‰ with three replications. Nine crosses strain were obtained from cross breeding between and within strain. Result of research indicated that salinity of 10‰, prawn slower the growth equal to 16.4% and at salinity of 15‰ slower the growth up to 34.5%. Trade-offs happened by decreasing fecundity equal to 0.47% and 18.73% at salinity 10‰ and 15‰ respectively. Decreased of survival rate were 33.04% and 41.99% at salinity 10‰ and 15‰ respectively. The best performance is that salinity of 0‰ are 25.16 g, 63.17%, and 23,384 eggs for the body weight, survival rate, and fecundity respectively.

Vitamin A Content of Livers and Kidneys from Dogs Fed DDT

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
Alice Ottoboni ◽  
Glenn D. Bissell ◽  
Albert J. Van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

The livers and kidneys from adult beagle dogs chronically exposed to 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and from their F1 weanling progeny were analyzed for vitamin A content. The dogs, subjects of a multigeneration study of the effects of DDT on canine reproduction, were fed diets which were optimum for growth and reproduction. The DDT feeding levels were 0, 1, 5, and 10 mg technical DDT/kg body weight per day. The effect of DDT in reducing vitamin A levels in liver and kidney that has been demonstrated in other species was not manifest in adult or weanling dogs in this study.Interference by p,p′-DDT, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p′-DDD), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p′-DDE), and 1-chloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl-ethylene (p,p′-DDMU) in the analysis for vitamin A in liver and kidney tissue was investigated and found to be of no practical importance in the present study.

Experimental Evaluation of Tracheo-Amniotic Shunting for Induced Congenital High Airway Obstruction in a Sheep Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip DeKoninck ◽  
Masayuki Endo ◽  
Jan A. Deprest ◽  
Luc De Catte
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Failure Rate ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Correct Placement ◽  
Alternative Techniques ◽  
Time Point

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of tracheo-amniotic shunting in a sheep model for congenital high airway obstruction syndrome. Material and Methods: High airway obstruction was induced around day 95 (term = 145 days) in 10 lamb fetuses by tracheal clipping. Five days later, ultrasound-guided tracheoamniotic shunting was done using either the Harrison double-pigtail bladder stent (HS) or a double-basket device (BS). Caesarean section (CS) was done around day 110. At each time point, the cardiothoracic index (CTI) was measured. Lung-to-body weight ratio (LBWR) was calculated at fetal necropsy. The primary endpoint was successful shunting defined as anatomically correct placement and functional airway decompression; the secondary endpoint was survival until CS. Results: Two sheep aborted 3 fetuses after tracheal occlusion. Overall, the median CTI at CS was significantly smaller compared to baseline [0.52 (interquartile range, IQR: 0.52-0.54) vs. 0.58 (IQR: 0.54-0.63); p = 0.01]. In the HS group (n = 4), none of the shunts were correctly positioned. In the BS group (n = 3), there was 1 correct shunt placement; however, this fetus was stillborn. Median LBWR suggested pulmonary overgrowth [0.10 (IQR: 0.08-0.11)]. Conclusion: In our hands, using this model with a long and mobile neck and relative oligohydramnios, tracheoamniotic shunting for airway obstruction has a high failure rate. If further pursued, alternative techniques or different models should be considered.

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