Chapter 8 The use of a factorial design to evaluate the physical stability of tablets after storage under tropical conditions

The objectives of this study were to examine whether (1) the students’ achievement on reading comprehension taught by using CSR Strategy is higher than that of taught by using REAP Strategy, (2) reading comprehension achievement of reflective cognitive style is higher than reading comprehension achievement of impulsive cognitive style, and (3) there is interaction between teaching strategies and cognitive styles on students’ achievement on reading comprehension. This study was conducted by using experimental research with factorial design 2X2. The data were analyzed by using Two-Way ANOVA. Based on the analysis, there were found that (1) CSR and REAP strategy significantly affect students’ achievement on reading comprehension, students’ achievement on reading comprehension taught by using CSR is higher than that of the students’ taught by using REAP; (2)the achievement on reading comprehension of the students with reflective cognitive style is higher than that of the students with impulsive cognitive style; and (3) there is an interaction between teaching strategies and cognitive style on students’ reading comprehension achievement. It showed that students who read with reflective cognitive style got higher result than students who read with impulsive cognitive style if they were taught by CSR, and students who read with reflective cognitive style got higher result than students who read with impulsive reflective style if they were taught by REAP. Key words: cognitive style; reading comprehension; and teaching strategies

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Formulation Optimization of Sustained Release Resinate Microcapsules of Tramadol Hydrochloride by Using 3/2 Factorial Design

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research ◽

10.24896/eijppr.2016621 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Kamble Ravindra K. ◽

Chauhan Chetan S. ◽

Kamble Priyadarshani R. ◽

Naruka Pushpendra S.

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Ion Exchange ◽

Sustained Release ◽

Factorial Design ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Extended Period ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Tramadol Hydrochloride ◽

Release Drug

The main aim of the present work was to develop the microcapsules of tramadol hydrochloride for the oral sustained release drug delivery. Tramadol hydrochloride a BCS class I drug a centrally acting synthetic analgesic was complexed with Indion 254 ion exchange resin. The microcapsules were prepared by encapsulating the prepared resinates by o/o solvent evaporation technique. In the investigation 32 full factorial design was used to investigate the joint influence of two formulation variable amount of eudragit RS 100 and plasticized PEG 400. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that for obtaining a sustained release drug delivery the optimum concentrations of both the plasticizer and coating solution to be used. The factorial models were used to prepare optimized microcapsules and optimized formulations showed sustained release profiles for the extended period of more than 12 hrs. From the present investigations concluded that resinate microcapsules of highly water soluble drug can provide controlled release of drug for extended period.Key Words: Tramadol hydrochloride, ion exchange resinate, microcapsules, sustained release

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Photostability Study on Character and Antioxidant Activity of Tomato Extract (Solanum lycopersicum l.) in Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) and Conventional Creame

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.v7i1.8919 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Noorma Rosita ◽

Dewi Haryadi ◽

Tristiana Erawati ◽

Rossa Nanda ◽

Widji Soeratri

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Physical Stability ◽

Nanostructured Lipid Carrier ◽

Uvb Radiation ◽

K Value ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Tomato Extract ◽

Dpph Method ◽

High Shear Homogenization

The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of NLC in increasing photostability of tomato extract in term of antioxidant activity. Photostability testing on antioxidant activity of samples were conducted by accelerating method using UVB radiation 32.400 joule for 21 hours radiation. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH method. NLC was made by High Shear Homogenization (HPH) method at 24000 rpm for 4 cycles, while conventional creame was made by low speed at 400 rpm. The product were characterized include: pH, viscosity, and particle size. There were had difference characters and physical stability. NLC had smaller size, more homogenous and more stable than conventional creame. It was known that stability of antioxidant activity of tomato extract in NLC system higher than in conventional creame. That was showed with k value, as constanta of rate scavenging activity decreasing in antioxidant power between time (Sigma 2-tail less than 0.005) of NLC and conventional creame were: 2.03x10-2 %/hour ±0.08 (3.94) and 4.71x 10-2 %/ hour ±0.23 (4.88) respectively.

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Applications of Ion Exchange Resin in Oral Drug Delivery Systems

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.v7i03.9556 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Kathpalia Harsha ◽

Das Sukanya

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Ion Exchange ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Oral Drug Delivery ◽

Physical Stability ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Oral Drug ◽

Ion Exchange Resins ◽

Exchange Resins ◽

Oral Drug Delivery Systems

Ion Exchange Resins (IER) are insoluble polymers having styrene divinylbenzene copolymer backbone that contain acidic or basic functional groups and have the ability to exchange counter ions with the surrounding aqueous solutions. From the past many years they have been widely used for purification and softening of water and in chromatographic columns, however recently their use in pharmaceutical industry has gained considerable importance. Due to the physical stability and inert nature of the resins, they can be used as a versatile vehicle to design several modified release dosage forms The ionizable drug is complexed with the resin owing to the property of ion exchange. This resin complex dissociatesin vivo to release the drug. Based on the dissociation strength of the drug from the drug resin complex, various release patterns can be achieved. Many formulation glitches can be circumvented using ion exchange resins such as bitter taste and deliquescence. These resins also aid in enhancing disintegrationand stability of formulation. This review focuses on different types of ion exchange resins, their preparation methods, chemistry, properties, incompatibilities and their application in various oral drug delivery systems as well as highlighting their use as therapeutic agents.

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Pengampunan Pajak Berulang dan Kepastian Hukum dalam Kepatuhan Pajak di Indonesia: Sebuah Quasi Eksperimen

Assets Jurnal Akuntansi dan Pendidikan ◽

10.25273/jap.v8i2.4189 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 126

Author(s):

Ade Lisa Matasik ◽

Theresia Woro Damayanti

Keyword(s):

Factorial Design ◽

Tax Compliance ◽

Experiment Design ◽

Bachelor's Degree ◽

Legal Certainty ◽

High Compliance ◽

Tax Amnesty ◽

Interaction Testing ◽

High Level ◽

Quasi Experiment

ABSTRAKPengampunan pajak telah dilakukan berulang kali di Indonesia yaitu 1964, 1989, 2008 dan 2016. Penelitian ini menguji apakah ada perbedaan kepatuhan pajak antara yang mengetahui pengampunan pajak berulang serta merasakan kepastian penegakan hukum dan yang tidak. Penelitian ini menggunakan quasi eksperimen faktorial 2 x 2 antarsubyek dengan mahasiswa akuntansi di FEB yang sedang mengambil matakuliah manajemen pajak sebagai partisipan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh antara pengetahuan tentang pengampunan pajak berulang maupun kepastian penegakan hukum terhadap kepatuhan pajak. Hasil dari pengujian interaksi yang diperoleh adalah ketika wajib pajak tidak mengetahui adanya pengampunan pajak yang berulang dan merasakan kepastian penegakan hukum yang tinggi akan menghasilkan kepatuhan yang paling tinggi. Sebaliknya ketika wajib pajak mengetahui adanya pengampunan pajak yang berulang dan tidak merasakan kepastian penegakan hukum yang tinggi akan menghasilkan kepatuhan yang rendah.ABSTRACTTax amnesty has been repeadly implemented in Indonesia namely 1964,1989, 2008 and 2016.The purpose of the study is to examine is there any tax compliance differences between those who perceive recurring tax amnesty and feel legal certainty and to those who do not. This quasi experiment design was consisted of 2x2 between subject factorial design, with Bachelor’s Degree of Accountancy at FEB UKSW who took Taxation Management as participants. The result shown that there is influence between recurring tax amnesty knowledge and legal certainty in the tax compliance. The result of the interaction testing shown that when taxpayer are not aware of any recurring tax amnesty and feel the high legal certainty will result high compliance. Conversely, when taxpayers know that there is recurring tax amnesty and do not sense a high level certainty, it would result a low tax compliance.

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The Role of Light Anhydrous Silicic Acid on Physical Stability of Troglitazone Solid Dispersion

10.26226/morressier.57d6b2b5d462b8028d88d31e ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Toshiyuki Nakahashi

Keyword(s):

Silicic Acid ◽

Solid Dispersion ◽

Physical Stability ◽

Role Of Light

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Optimization of PES Nanocomposite Membrane Preparation Using Statistical Analysis and Experimental Design

10.26434/chemrxiv.7581767.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yasin Orooji ◽

Fatemeh Noorisafa ◽

Nahid Imami ◽

Amir R. Chaharmahali

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Factorial Design ◽

Fractional Factorial Design ◽

Fractional Factorial ◽

Nanocomposite Membrane ◽

Membrane Preparation ◽

Membrane Fabrication

Using experimental design and statistical analysis (½ Fractional Factorial Design), this study investigates the effect of different parameters in the membrane fabrication on the performance of nanocomposite PES/TiO2 membrane.

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