Relationships between antisocial personality and alcoholism: genetic hypotheses

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Limosin ◽  
J. Adès ◽  
P. Gorwood
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Influence ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Clinical Heterogeneity ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Common Items

SummaryGenetic factors explain a non-negligible part of the vulnerability to alcohol dependence, the genetic influence in males being estimated at around 60%. The search for gene(s) potentially implicated in alcoholism is counteracted by the clinical heterogeneity of alcoholism, but also by heterogeneity of the etiologic factors involved. It is thus necessary to redefine more specific phenotypes with more simple determinism, and to focus on more specific subsets of candidate genes. In this view, the existence of co-occurrence (presence at the same time, whatever the cause) between antisocial personality and alcoholism is frequently reported. Three hypotheses have been previously proposed to explain this co-occurrence. Firstly, it could be a pure artefact or contamination, due to common items in diagnostic manuals widely used, such as the DSM or ICD. Secondly, antisocial personality and alcoholism could share common etiologic factor(s), and determine a ‘real’ co-morbidity. Finally, common genetic factors between these two disorders may exist, with the observation of a co-transmission of both disorders more often than expected by chance alone, meaning the existence of co-aggregation. Each of these three hypotheses will be reviewed and discussed.

Contribution of histological, serological, and genetic factors to the clinical heterogeneity of adult-onset coeliac disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1076-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry J. Thomas ◽  
Tariq Ahmad ◽  
Chandima Rajaguru ◽  
Martin Barnardo ◽  
Bryan F. Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Clinical Heterogeneity ◽  
Adult Onset

scholarly journals SPECIAL ASPECTS OF MISCARRIAGE IN WOMEN WITH RECCURENT MISCARRIAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Muntyan ◽  
Olga Bulavenko
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Sequential Action ◽  
Female Genital

Missing pregnancy is a consequence of the simultaneous or sequential action of several factors. The main causes of miscarriage and spontaneous interruption of pregnancy include: genetic factors, endocrine disorders, immune and infectious factors, congenital and acquired diseases of female genital organs. In almost 50% of women, it is not impossible to determine the reason of miscarriage, so the question of early diagnosis and prevention of this condition is quite acute.Materials and methods. In this study, we performed a pathohistological study of the deciduum in order to determine the etiological factor of the pathology of implantation of the embryo and placentation. The study included 88 women with a diagnosis of "recurrent miscarriage" that met the criteria for inclusion and exclusion.Results of research. In the study group, the age of women was from 19 to 35 years old (mean age was 27.6±4.1 years old). The abortion was observed at differentst ages of pregnancy, more often during the period of 4-9 weeks of gestation (67 cases – 76.14%). According to the results of the histopathological study of decidouum lymphohistiocytic infiltration was revealed in the stroma of villi in 62 cases (70.45%), other changes were less common.Conclusions and perspectives of further research. The obtained data indicate that the determination of the etiologic factor of miscarriage of the pregnancy, especially in women with a diagnosis "Reccurent miscarriage of obscure etiology", will allow to predict the development of the pathology of implantation and placentation in subsequent pregnancies.Prospects for further research are to develop adequate preparation before pregnancy and prevention of the pathology of implantation and placentation.

scholarly journals Identification of genetic factors controlling phosphorus utilization efficiency in wheat by genome-wide association study with principal component analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luqman Bin Safdar ◽  
Muhammad Jawad Umer ◽  
Fakhrah Almas ◽  
Siraj Uddin ◽  
Qurra-tul-Ain Safdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
P Utilization ◽  
P Utilization Efficiency

ABSTRACTDespite the economic importance of P utilization efficiency, information on genetic factors underlying this trait remains elusive. To address that, we performed a genome-wide association study in a spring wheat diversity panel ranging from landraces to elite varieties. We evaluated the phenotype variation for P utilization efficiency in controlled conditions and genotype variation using wheat 90K SNP array. Phenotype variables were transformed into a smaller set of uncorrelated principal components that captured the most important variation data. We identified two significant loci associated with both P utilization efficiency and the 1st principal component on chromosomes 3A and 4A: qPE1-3A and qPE2-4A. Annotation of genes at these loci revealed 53 wheat genes, among which 6 were identified in significantly enriched pathways. The expression pattern of these 6 genes indicated that TraesCS4A02G481800, involved in pyruvate metabolism and TCA cycle, had a significantly higher expression in the P efficient variety under limited P conditions. Further characterization of these loci and candidate genes can help stimulate P utilization efficiency in wheat.KEY MESSAGEWe report two new loci for P utilization efficiency on chromosomes 3A and 4A of wheat. The prioritized candidate genes at these loci can be investigated by molecular biology techniques to improve P efficiency in wheat and grass relatives.

A Co-Morbidity of Alcohol Dependence with Other Psychiatric Disorders in Young Adult Mexican Americans

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Gilder ◽  
Philip Lau ◽  
Abigail Gross ◽  
Cindy L. Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Co Morbidity

scholarly journals Independent Genetic Factors Determine the Amount and Distribution of Fat in Women after the Menopause1

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-785
Author(s):  
K. Samaras ◽  
T. D. Spector ◽  
T. V. Nguyen ◽  
K. Baan ◽  
L. V. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Central Body ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Genetic Influence ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Central Fat ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Central adiposity is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease in women. We studied postmenopausal twins to explore the strength and the relationship between genetic influences on body fat and its distribution in a group where cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality. Healthy twin women were recruited from a national media campaign. One hundred nineteen monozygotic (MZ) and 97 dizygotic twin pairs were studied (mean ± se age 60 ± 0.3 yr, 10 ± 0.4 yr post menopausal). Total and central body fat were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Intrapair resemblance was significantly greater in MZ pairs for total fat (MZ vs. dizygotic, r = 0.70 ± 0.05 vs. r = 0.46 ± 0.08, P = 0.005) and central fat (r = 0.62 ± 0.06 vs. r = 0.35 ± 0.09, P = 0.005), suggesting a strong genetic influence on these traits. Model-fitting analysis indicated that genetic factors contribute up to 60% of total population variance in both total and central body fat. The heritability of central fat remained, after adjustment for the heritability of total fat, suggesting an independent genetic influence on fat distribution. These results were unchanged after adjusting for the effects of estrogen replacement and smoking. In conclusion, total adiposity and central abdominal fat mass in normal postmenopausal women are under strong genetic influence. The data suggest that some of the genes responsible for central adiposity and its metabolic sequelae will be different from those responsible for total adiposity.

S90GENETIC RISK VARIANTS ASSOCIATED WITH ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER IN THE CONTEXT OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S160
Author(s):  
Wenqianglong Li ◽  
Hang Zhou ◽  
Johan Thygesen ◽  
Joel Gelernter ◽  
Nicholas Bass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Risk Variants

scholarly journals The Missing Heritability of Sporadic Frontotemporal Dementia: New Insights from Rare Variants in Neurodegenerative Candidate Genes

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 3903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Ciani ◽  
Cristian Bonvicini ◽  
Catia Scassellati ◽  
Matteo Carrara ◽  
Carlo Maj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Lewy Body Dementia ◽  
Missing Heritability

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a common form of dementia among early-onset cases. Several genetic factors for FTD have been revealed, but a large proportion of FTD cases still have an unidentified genetic origin. Recent studies highlighted common pathobiological mechanisms among neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we investigated a panel of candidate genes, previously described to be associated with FTD and/or other neurodegenerative diseases by targeted next generation sequencing (NGS). We focused our study on sporadic FTD (sFTD), devoid of disease-causing mutations in GRN, MAPT and C9orf72. Since genetic factors have a substantially higher pathogenetic contribution in early onset patients than in late onset dementia, we selected patients with early onset (<65 years). Our study revealed that, in 50% of patients, rare missense potentially pathogenetic variants in genes previously associated with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Lewy body dementia (GBA, ABCA7, PARK7, FUS, SORL1, LRRK2, ALS2), confirming genetic pleiotropy in neurodegeneration. In parallel, a synergic genetic effect on FTD is suggested by the presence of variants in five different genes in one single patient. Further studies employing genome-wide approaches might highlight pathogenic variants in novel genes that explain the still missing heritability of FTD.

Genetics of alcohol withdrawal

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.G. Schmidt ◽  
T. Sander
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Multiple Genes

SummaryAlcohol withdrawal is a clinically and etiologically heterogeneous syndrome caused by a complex interaction of environmental (e.g., amount of ethanol) and genetic factors. Multiple genes are considered to be involved in various components of the syndrome, each of them contributing only modestly to withdrawal vulnerability. Association studies using candidate genes of the dopamine, serotonin, gabaergic and opioidergic systems are reviewed and methodological limitations are discussed.

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