Structural Neural Correlates of Memory Performance in Schizoprhenia as Revealed by Cortical Thickness

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
K. Sergerie ◽  
A.C. Evans ◽  
C. Lepage ◽  
M. Lepage
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Abnormalities ◽  
The Right

In addition to the positive and negative symptoms, schizophrenia is associated with a variety of cognitive impairments, and in particular with episodic memory deficits. Functional neuroimaging studies have begun exploring the potential neural correlates of memory deficits but there are few reports of structural brain abnormalities underlying memory impairment in schizophrenia. We investigated the potential association between morphological brain abnormalities as revealed by cortical thickness measures and episodic memory performance on a face recognition task. Differences in regional cortical thickness between 27 patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia and 28 control matched subjects were investigated using MRI T1 images and computer image analysis (CIVET pipeline; Lerch and Evans, 2005). Cortical thickness was estimated as the shortest distance between the pial surface of the cerebral cortex and the white-matter/gray-matter interface surface at numerous points (40 962 vertices) across the cortical mantle. Consistent with previous studies, a group comparison revealed thinner cortex in the patient group relative to controls in the right prefrontal cortex and parahippocampal gyrus. Interestingly, a significant positive correlation between memory performance and cortical thickness of the anterior cingulate, bilaterally as well as the right parahippocampal gyrus was noted in the schizophrenia group. That is, the thinner the cortex in those regions, the more impaired the patients were in terms of memory performance as compared to healthy participants.

Hemisphere-specific Episodic Memory Networks in the Human Brain: A Correlation Study between Intracarotid Amobarbital Test and [18F]FDG-PET

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nozomi Akanuma ◽  
Laurence J. Reed ◽  
Paul K. Marsden ◽  
Jozeph Jarosz ◽  
Naoto Adachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intracarotid Amobarbital Test

The purpose of the present study was to explore the brain regions involved in human episodic memory by correlating unilateral memory performance estimated by the intracarotid amobarbital test (IAT) and interictal cerebral metabolism measured by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([18F]FDG-PET). Using this method, regional alterations of cerebral metabolism associated with epilepsy pathophysiology are used to predict hemisphere-specific episodic memory function, hence, investigate the differential distribution of memory in each hemisphere. Sixty-two patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (35 left and 27 right) were studied using [18F]FDG-PET with complementary voxel-based statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and region-of-interest (ROI) methods of analysis. Positive regression was analyzed in SPM with a series of different thresholds (p = .001, .01 or .05) with a correction to 100 voxels. IAT memory performance in which left hemisphere was tested by right-sided injection of amobarbital correlated with [18F]FDG uptake in left lateral and medial temporal regions, and in the left ventrolateral frontal cortex. Right IAT memory performance correlated with [18F]FDG uptake in the right inferior parietal lobule, right dorsolateral frontal cortex, right precentral gyrus, and caudal portion of the right anterior cingulate cortex. ROI analysis corroborated these results. Analyses carried out separately in patients with left (n = 50) and nonleft (n = 12) dominance for language showed that in the nonleft dominant group, right IAT scores correlated with right fronto-temporal regions, whereas left total memory scores correlated with left lateral and medial temporal regions. The findings indicate that (i) episodic memory is subserved by more widespread cortical regions beyond the core mesiotemporal lobe memory structures; (ii) there are different networks functional in the two hemispheres; and (iii) areas involved in memory may be different between patients with left and nonleft dominance for language, particularly in the right hemisphere.

scholarly journals Cortical changes associated with parenthood are present in late life

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwina R Orchard ◽  
Phillip GD Ward ◽  
Francesco Sforazzini ◽  
Elsdon Storey ◽  
Gary F Egan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Early Parenthood

AbstractEarly parenthood results in changes in cortical thickness in regions related to parental care. However, the enduring effects of this period on the structure of the human brain, and cognition in late-life, is unknown. In an elderly sample, we examined the relationship between the number of children parented (here, 1-6 children) and cortical thickness in 267 males (74.0 ±3.5 years) and 231 females (73.8±3.5 years). We also compared cognition and cortical thickness between parents of one child and non-parents, in n=36 males (73.4±3.7 years), and n=46 females (72.8±3.3 years). We obtained a positive relationship between number of children parented and verbal memory performance, showing increasing memory performance with number of children. For mothers, number of children positively correlated with cortical thickness in the parahippocampal gyrus and negatively correlated with regions of the visual cortex. Mothers of one child showed thinner cortical thickness in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and visual cortex compared with childless women. Fathers of one child showed thinner cortical thickness in the anterior cingulate cortex and thicker cortical thickness in the temporal pole compared with childless men. Our results are the first to reveal distributed differences in cortical thickness related to parenthood that are evident beyond the postpartum period. Our findings overlap substantially with the areas found to be altered across pregnancy and the postpartum period, suggesting that neural changes associated with early parenthood persist into older age, and are potentially cognitively beneficial.

The Effect of Divided Attention on Encoding and Retrieval in Episodic Memory Revealed by Positron Emission Tomography

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Iidaka ◽  
Nicole D. Anderson ◽  
Shitij Kapur ◽  
Roberto Cabez ◽  
Fergus I. M. Craik
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Encoding And Retrieval

The effects of divided attention (DA) on episodic memory encoding and retrieval were investigated in 12 normal young subjects by positron emission tomography (PET). Cerebral blood flow was measured while subjects were concurrently performing a memory task (encoding and retrieval of visually presented word pairs) and an auditory tone-discrimination task. The PET data were analyzed using multivariate Partial Least Squares (PLS), and the results revealed three sets of neural correlates related to specific task contrasts. Brain activity, relatively greater under conditions of full attention (FA) than DA, was identified in the occipital-temporal, medial, and ventral-frontal areas, whereas areas showing relatively more activity under DA than FA were found in the cerebellum, temporo-parietal, left anterior-cingulate gyrus, and bilateral dorsolateral-prefrontal areas. Regions more active during encoding than during retrieval were located in the hippocampus, temporal and the prefrontal cortex of the left hemisphere, and regions more active during retrieval than during encoding included areas in the medial and right-prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, and cuneus. DA at encoding was associated with specific decreases in rCBF in the left-prefrontal areas, whereas DA at retrieval was associated with decreased rCBF in a relatively small region in the right-prefrontal cortex. These different patterns of activity are related to the behavioral results, which showed a substantial decrease in memory performance when the DA task was performed at encoding, but no change in memory levels when the DA task was performed at retrieval.

scholarly journals Cerebral Activity Changes in Different Traditional Chinese Medicine Patterns of Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Liu ◽  
Peihai Zhang ◽  
Junjie Pan ◽  
Zhengjie Li ◽  
Jixin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Cerebral Activity ◽  
The Right

Background.Pattern differentiation is the foundation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED). This study aims to investigate the differences in cerebral activity in ED patients with different TCM patterns.Methods.27 psychogenic ED patients and 27 healthy subjects (HS) were enrolled in this study. Each participant underwent an fMRI scan in resting state. The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) was used to detect the brain activity changes in ED patients with different patterns.Results.Compared to HS, ED patients showed an increased cerebral activity in bilateral cerebellum, insula, globus pallidus, parahippocampal gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and middle cingulate cortex (MCC). Compared to the patients with liver-qi stagnation and spleen deficiency pattern (LSSDP), the patients with kidney-yang deficiency pattern (KDP) showed an increased activity in bilateral brainstem, cerebellum, hippocampus, and the right insula, thalamus, MCC, and a decreased activity in bilateral putamen, medial frontal gyrus, temporal pole, and the right caudate nucleus, OFC, anterior cingulate cortex, and posterior cingulate cortex (P<0.005).Conclusions.The ED patients with different TCM patterns showed different brain activities. The differences in cerebral activity between LSSDP and KDP were mainly in the emotion-related regions, including prefrontal cortex and cingulated cortex.

scholarly journals Effects of amnesia on processing in the hippocampus and default mode network during a naturalistic memory task: a case study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Oedekoven ◽  
James L. Keidel ◽  
Stuart Anderson ◽  
Angus Nisbet ◽  
Chris Bird
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Left Hippocampus ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Encoding And Retrieval

Despite their severely impaired episodic memory, individuals with amnesia are able to comprehend ongoing events. Online representations of a current event are thought to be supported by a network of regions centred on the posterior midline cortex (PMC). By contrast, episodic memory is widely believed to be supported by interactions between the hippocampus and these cortical regions. In this MRI study, we investigated the encoding and retrieval of lifelike events (video clips) in a patient with severe amnesia likely resulting from a stroke to the right thalamus, and a group of 20 age-matched controls. Structural MRI revealed grey matter reductions in left hippocampus and left thalamus in comparison to controls. We first characterised the regions activated in the controls while they watched and retrieved the videos. There were no differences in activation between the patient and controls in any of the regions. We then identified a widespread network of brain regions, including the hippocampus, that were functionally connected with the PMC in controls. However, in the patient there was a specific reduction in functional connectivity between the PMC and a region of left hippocampus when both watching and attempting to retrieve the videos. A follow up analysis revealed that in controls the functional connectivity between these regions when watching the videos was correlated with memory performance. Taken together, these findings support the view that the interactions between the PMC and the hippocampus enable the encoding and retrieval of multimodal representations of the contents of an event.

scholarly journals Egocentric Navigation Abilities Predict Episodic Memory Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Committeri ◽  
Agustina Fragueiro ◽  
Maria Maddalena Campanile ◽  
Marco Lagatta ◽  
Ford Burles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Path Integration ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Egocentric Navigation

The medial temporal lobe supports both navigation and declarative memory. On this basis, a theory of phylogenetic continuity has been proposed according to which episodic and semantic memories have evolved from egocentric (e.g., path integration) and allocentric (e.g., map-based) navigation in the physical world, respectively. Here, we explored the behavioral significance of this neurophysiological model by investigating the relationship between the performance of healthy individuals on a path integration and an episodic memory task. We investigated the path integration performance through a proprioceptive Triangle Completion Task and assessed episodic memory through a picture recognition task. We evaluated the specificity of the association between performance in these two tasks by including in the study design a verbal semantic memory task. We also controlled for the effect of attention and working memory and tested the robustness of the results by including alternative versions of the path integration and semantic memory tasks. We found a significant positive correlation between the performance on the path integration the episodic, but not semantic, memory tasks. This pattern of correlation was not explained by general cognitive abilities and persisted also when considering a visual path integration task and a non-verbal semantic memory task. Importantly, a cross-validation analysis showed that participants' egocentric navigation abilities reliably predicted episodic memory performance. Altogether, our findings support the hypothesis of a phylogenetic continuity between egocentric navigation and episodic memory and pave the way for future research on the potential causal role of egocentric navigation on multiple forms of episodic memory.

scholarly journals 4327 Structural Neural Correlates of Social Functioning in First Episode Psychosis and Malleability in Response to Targeted Cognitive Training

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 37-38
Author(s):  
Kathleen Miley ◽  
Fang Yu ◽  
Ian Ramsay ◽  
Sophia Vinogradov
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Development of interventions that improve social functioning (SF) in first episode psychosis (FEP) is hindered by a poor understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying SF deficits. This research aims to identify neural correlates of social functioning in FEP, and to evaluate whether this substrate is malleable in response to cognitive training. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This is a secondary data-analysis of participants in an ongoing randomized clinical trial investigating whether 12 weeks of targeted cognitive training is neuroprotective in FEP, versus treatment as usual. Baseline and post-training assessments include a brain MRI, three measures of SF, and a neurocognitive battery. Healthy controls complete MRI only. Differences in cortical thickness (CTh) and gray matter volume (GMV) in regions of interest between FEP and controls will be determined with ANCOVA. Multiple linear regression will be used to determine the relationship between neural substrate and SF in FEP. Linear mixed models will be used to examine the relationship between change in CTh and GMV and change in SF. Data collection is ongoing for this study. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In preliminary data including 12 FEP and 9 healthy controls, FEP demonstrated cortical loss in the right superior frontal cortex and the right isthmus-posterior cingulate. Greater cortical thickness in the posterior cingulate cortex was associated with better social functioning across multiple measures when controlling for global cognition. Gray matter volume in the parahippocampal gyrus was also associated with better social functioning. Preliminary results evaluating whether targeted cognitive training is neuroprotective in these regions of interest in a manner that is associated with improved social functioning will also be presented. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Preliminary results link the posterior cingulate and parahippocampal gyrus to SF in FEP. Further research will investigate the contribution of changes in these brain regions to improved SF. The identification of biological treatment targets for SF may lead to development and optimization of novel interventions to alleviate SF deficits in FEP.

scholarly journals Neurochemical Correlates of Brain Atrophy in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Cortical Thickness Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Paola Feraco ◽  
Salvatore Nigro ◽  
Luca Passamonti ◽  
Alessandro Grecucci ◽  
Maria Eugenia Caligiuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
The Right

(1) Background: Recently, a series of clinical neuroimaging studies on fibromyalgia (FM) have shown a reduction in cortical volume and abnormally high glutamate (Glu) and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) levels in regions associated with pain modulation. However, it remains unclear whether the volumetric decreases and increased Glu levels in FM are related each other. We hypothesized that higher Glu levels are related to decreases in cortical thickness (CT) and volume in FM patients. (2) Methods: Twelve females with FM and 12 matched healthy controls participated in a session of combined 3.0 Tesla structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single-voxel MR spectroscopy focused on the thalami and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices (VLPFC). The thickness of the cortical and subcortical gray matter structures and the Glu/Cr and Glx/Cr ratios were estimated. Statistics included an independent t-test and Spearman’s test. (3) Results: The Glu/Cr ratio of the left VLPFC was negatively related to the CT of the left inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis (p = 0.01; r = −0.75) and triangularis (p = 0.01; r = −0.70)). Moreover, the Glx/Cr ratio of the left VLPFC was negatively related to the CT of the left middle anterior cingulate gyrus (p = 0.003; r = −0.81). Significantly lower CTs in FM were detected in subparts of the cingulate gyrus on both sides and in the right inferior occipital gyrus (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Our findings are in line with previous observations that high glutamate levels can be related, in a concentration-dependent manner, to the morphological atrophy described in FM patients.

scholarly journals Depression Is Associated With Preserved Cortical Thickness Relative to Apathy in Frontotemporal Dementia

2020 ◽  
pp. 089198872096425
Author(s):  
Rakshathi Basavaraju ◽  
Xinyang Feng ◽  
Jeanelle France ◽  
Edward D. Huey ◽  
Frank A. Provenzano
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
The Right

Objectives: To understand the differential neuroanatomical substrates underlying apathy and depression in Frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Methods: T1-MRIs and clinical data of patients with behavioral and aphasic variants of FTD were obtained from an open database. Cortical thickness was derived, its association with apathy severity and difference between the depressed and not depressed were examined with appropriate covariates. Results: Apathy severity was significantly associated with cortical thinning of the lateral parts of the right sided frontal, temporal and parietal lobes. The right sided orbitofrontal, parsorbitalis and rostral anterior cingulate cortex were thicker in depressed compared to patients not depressed. Conclusions: Greater thickness of right sided ventromedial and inferior frontal cortex in depression compared to patients without depression suggests a possible requisite of gray matter in this particular area for the manifestation of depression in FTD. This study demonstrates a method for deriving neuroanatomical patterns across non-harmonized neuroimaging data in a neurodegenerative disease.

scholarly journals Medial Cortical Structures Mediate Implicit Trustworthiness Judgments about Kin Faces, but Not Familiar Faces: A Brief Report

Psych ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 482-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Platek ◽  
Judson C. Hendry
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Kin Recognition ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
The Self ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Facial Stimuli ◽  
The Right ◽  
Processing Network

Human kin recognition activates substrates of the extended facial processing network, notably the right-hemisphere structures involved in self-face recognition and posterior medial cortical substrates. To understand the mechanisms underlying prosociality toward kin faces in comparison to other familiar faces, we investigated the neural correlates of implicit trustworthiness ratings to faces of actual kin and personal friends, controlling for activation to distracter faces. When controlling for activation associated with unknown faces, trustworthiness ratings of faces of kin, compared to friends, were associated with increased activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate, and precuneous. On the other hand, trustworthiness ratings of friend faces, relative to kin faces, were associated with the lateral occipital gyrus and insular cortex. Trustworthiness ratings for unknown faces were only associated with activation in the fusiform gyrus. These findings suggest that we should employ medial cortical substrates known to be part of the self-other network when making implicit social judgements about kin, but not other classes of facial stimuli.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document