Low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in elderly: Effects on mood and cognitive functions

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 847-847
Author(s):  
S. Pallanti ◽  
C. Cecchelli
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Metabolic Side Effects ◽  
Treatment Of Depression

Increasing the options for effective treatment of depression in elderly with the aim of improving quality of life remains a critical public health goal. Late-life depression is associated with cognitive impairment and dementia. Pharmacological therapy is a common modality of treatment for depression during the late-life period. Antidepressants seem to have some efficacy in improving cognitive functions. However pharmacological treatment in elderly causes some trouble because of the risk of metabolic side effects. Continuing use of antidepressant medication is associated with an increased relative risk of type 2 diabetes.Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) represents an effective, well-tolerated non-pharmacological treatment for depression. Recently rTMS has been proposed as a possible treatment for the cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer disease (AD). The findings of a recent study provide initial evidence for the persistent beneficial effects of rTMS on sentence comprehension in AD patients.We propose the use of rTMS for treatment of depression in elderly in order to reduce the risk of metabolic side effects and to improve cognitive functions. In our experience, elderly depressed patient treated with rTMS, at 1 Hz at 110% of Rest Motor Threshold (RMT) over the right Dorso-Lateral Pre-Frontal Cortex (DLPFC) for three or four weeks, show a significant reduction in depressive symptomatology and furthermore a significant improving in cognitive functions (verbal fluency, visual-spatial memory and score in the MINI-Mental State Examination).

scholarly journals Comparing the Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroconvulsive Therapy in the Treatment of Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beppe Micallef-Trigona
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Treatment Of Depression

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the longest standing psychiatric treatment available and has unequivocal benefit in severe depression. However this treatment comes with a number of side effects such as memory impairment. On the other hand, Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a relatively new form of treatment which has been shown to be efficacious in patients suffering from a number of psychopathologies, including severe depression, with few reported side effects. Due to its potential therapeutic efficacy and lack of side effects, rTMS has gained traction in the treatment of depression, with a number of authors keen to see it take over from ECT. However, it is not clear whether rTMS represents a therapeutic alternative to ECT. This meta-analysis will therefore compare the “gold standard” treatment for severe depression, with the relatively new but promising rTMS. A literature search will be performed with the intention to include all randomised clinical trials. The null hypothesis is that there is no difference in the antidepressant efficacy between the two types of treatment modalities. Statistical analysis of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) scores will be performed.

scholarly journals Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment for peripartum depression: systematic review & meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyune June Lee ◽  
Sung Min Kim ◽  
Ji Yean Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Peripartum Depression

Abstract Background Peripartum depression is a common disorder with very high potential hazards for both the patients and their babies. The typical treatment options include antidepressants and electroconvulsive therapy. However, these treatments do not ensure the safety of the fetus. Recently, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has emerged as a promising treatment for neuropathies as well as depression. Nevertheless, many studies excluded pregnant women. This systematic review was conducted to confirm whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was a suitable treatment option for peripartum depression. Methods We performed a systematic review that followed the PRISMA guidelines. We searched for studies in the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases published until the end of September 2020. Eleven studies were selected for the systematic review, and five studies were selected for quantitative synthesis. Data analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3 software. The effect size was analyzed using the standardized mean difference, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) was determined by the generic inverse variance estimation method. Results The therapeutic effect size of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for peripartum depression was 1.394 (95% CI: 0.944–1.843), and the sensitivity analysis effect size was 1.074 (95% CI: 0.689–1.459), indicating a significant effect. The side effect size of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for peripartum depression was 0.346 (95% CI: 0.214–0.506), a meaningful result. There were no severe side effects to the mothers or fetuses. Conclusions From various perspectives, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can be considered an alternative treatment to treat peripartum depression to avoid exposure of fetuses to drugs and the severe side effects of electroconvulsive therapy. Further research is required to increase confidence in the results.

scholarly journals The effect of bilateral high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cognitive functions in schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 100183
Author(s):  
Mehmet Diyaddin Güleken ◽  
Taner Akbaş ◽  
Selime Çelik Erden ◽  
Veysel Akansel ◽  
Zeliha Cengiz Al ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Neurostimulation therapies

2020 ◽  
pp. 217-232
Author(s):  
Daniel W. O’Connor ◽  
Christos Plakiotis ◽  
Peter Farnbach
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Electrical Impulses ◽  
The Brain

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) all entail the delivery of electrical impulses to the brain with the aim of relieving mental disorders. ECT is an effective treatment of depression, mania and catatonia and, to a lesser extent, of schizophrenia. Its side effects, principally cognitive impairment, are mitigated through the use of individually tailored, unilateral delivery. TMS is more convenient but of lesser effectiveness. DBS, while reversible and thus safer than lesional surgery, is a major undertaking that is reserved at present for profoundly disabling depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and Tourette’s syndrome.

scholarly journals Safety and tolerability of repeated sessions of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation in obesity

Endocrine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ferrulli ◽  
Stefano Massarini ◽  
Concetta Macrì ◽  
Livio Luzi
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Hypertensive Crisis ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Good Tolerability ◽  
Local Pain

Abstract Purpose Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has been demonstrated to be effective in body weight control in individuals with obesity. Most clinical trials on rTMS provided a reassuring safety profile. In the present work, we present an extensive analysis on both severe and mild Adverse Events (AEs) in obese individuals treated with rTMS. Methods We examined the intensity, duration, correlation with the treatment, up to 1 year after the end of rTMS treatment. Results Descriptive analysis included a total of 63 subjects undergoing a 5-week deep rTMS experimental treatment for obesity (age 48.3 ± 10.4 years; BMI 36.3 ± 4.4 kg/m2): 31 patients were treated with high-frequency rTMS (HF), 13 with low-frequency rTMS (LF), and 19 were sham treated (Sham). Thirty-two subjects (50.8%) reported a total of 52 AEs, including mainly moderate (51.9%) events. The most frequently reported side effects were headaches of moderate intensity (40.4%) and local pain/discomfort (19.2%) and resulted significantly more frequent in HF group compared to other groups (p < 0.05). No significant differences among groups were found for the other reported AEs: drowsiness, insomnia, paresthesia, vasovagal reactions, hypertensive crisis. No AEs potentially related to the rTMS arised up to 1 year from the end of the treatment. Conclusions This is the first comprehensive safety analysis in obese patients treated with rTMS. The analysis did not reveal any unexpected safety concerns. Only headaches and local pain/discomfort have been significantly more frequent in the HF group, confirming the good tolerability of rTMS even in the obese population potentially more susceptible to side effects of brain stimulation.

scholarly journals Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of bipolar disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204512532097379
Author(s):  
Danielle Hett ◽  
Steven Marwaha
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Total N ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a debilitating mood disorder marked by manic, hypomanic and/or mixed or depressive episodes. It affects approximately 1–2% of the population and is linked to high rates of suicide, functional impairment and poorer quality of life. Presently, treatment options for BD are limited. There is a strong evidence base for pharmacological (e.g., lithium) and psychological (e.g., psychoeducation) treatments; however, both of these pose challenges for treatment outcomes (e.g., non-response, side-effects, limited access). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, is a recommended treatment for unipolar depression, but it is unclear whether rTMS is an effective, safe and well tolerated treatment in people with BD. This article reviews the extant literature on the use of rTMS to treat BD across different mood states. We found 34 studies in total ( N = 611 patients), with most assessing bipolar depression ( n = 26), versus bipolar mania ( n = 5), mixed state bipolar ( n = 2) or those not in a current affective episode ( n = 1). Across all studies, there appears to be a detectable signal of efficacy for rTMS treatment, as most studies report that rTMS treatment reduced bipolar symptoms. Importantly, within the randomised controlled trial (RCT) study designs, most reported that rTMS was not superior to sham in the treatment of bipolar depression. However, these RCTs are based on small samples ( NBD ⩽ 52). Reported side effects of rTMS in BD include headache, dizziness and sleep problems. Ten studies ( N = 14 patients) reported cases of affective switching; however, no clear pattern of potential risk factors for affective switching emerged. Future adequately powered, sham-controlled trials are needed to establish the ideal rTMS treatment parameters to help better determine the efficacy of rTMS for the treatment of BD.

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