The effects of prenatal morphine exposure on pain response

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 989-989
Author(s):  
M. Amini ◽  
A. Alijarahi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Pain Response ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Lower Pain ◽  
Abuse During Pregnancy ◽  
And Control

BackgroundDrug abuse during pregnancy is a growing problem in all developed countries of the world. Maternal drug abuse affects the developing system and its long-term effects can persist till adulthood so it can decreases the rate of their maturation. Since endogenous opioid induced analgesia, and morphine can interact with it, Thus the present study was designed to determine whether the exposure to the morphine during gestation permanently alter pain response.ObjectiveTo determine the effects of prenatal morphine exposure on pain responseMaterials and methods12 Pregnant rats were divided to morphine and control groups.Morphine was administrated (S.C) to female rats twice a day (08 h and 20 h) on gestational days 11–18, (5 mg/kg morphine for 3 days and 10 mg/kg for 5 days). Analgesic response of pups (P90, n = 6) were tested by formaline test.FindingThe results of our experiment demonstrated that prenatal morphine exposure rats exhibited significantly lower pain thersholds.ConclusionPrenatal morphine exposure impair pain sensitivity

scholarly journals Drugs in Pregnancy: the Effects on Mother and Her Progeny

2012 ◽  
pp. S123-S135
Author(s):  
R. ŠLAMBEROVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Prenatal Drug Exposure ◽  
Placental Barrier ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
The World ◽  
Abuse During Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Drug abuse during pregnancy is a growing problem in all developed countries all over the world. The drugs easily cross the placental barrier into the fetal body and are present also in the maternal milk. Therefore, it may affect the development of the child pre- as well as postnatally. The effects of prenatal drug exposure are long-lasting and persist until adulthood. The present review summarizes the clinical and experimental evidence showing how opioids and psychostimulants can affect maternal behavior of drug-abusing mother and the development of their offspring.

scholarly journals Morphometric and histopathologic evaluation of the effects of cloprostenol and equine chorionic gonadotropin administration on the reproductive organs of female rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (03) ◽  
pp. 6195-2019
Author(s):  
HANDE GÜRLER ◽  
MÜRŞIDE AYŞE DEMIREL ◽  
EFE KARACA ◽  
DUYGU BAKI ACAR ◽  
AYTAÇ AKÇAY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Synthetic Analogue ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Proliferative Effect ◽  
Histopathologic Evaluation ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
And Control

The aim of this study was to determine the short-, mid- and long-term effects of cloprostenol (a synthetic analogue of prostoglandin F2α, PG) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (E) administration on reproductive organs (uterine tissue and ovaries) in female rats. Three different groups, PG, E, and control (C), were created, as well as six subgroups of the PG and E groups. After the treatment procedure, reproductive organs were removed surgically 7, 14, and 21 days after the last injection. Morphometric and histopathological changes in tissues were evaluated. It was shown that PG and E had a moderate proliferative effect on epithelial cells and endometrial glands, especially in the mid-term. It was also observed that, regardless of the time of application, some pathological changes can result from hormone administration.

Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) Exposure During Breastfeeding on the Biochemical and Endocrine Profiles in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (06) ◽  
pp. 491-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Santos-Silva ◽  
Egberto de Moura ◽  
Cintia Pinheiro ◽  
Elaine Oliveira ◽  
Patricia Lisboa
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Endocrine Profiles ◽  
And Control

AbstractNeonates can be exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) through placenta and milk, and BPA is associated with disorders such as precocious puberty and obesity. We evaluated the effects of BPA exposure during breastfeeding on the biochemical and endocrine profiles in young and adult rat progeny. From postnatal day (PND) 3 to 15 dams were divided into low-dose BPA treatment [50 μg/kg/day s.c. (BPA-LD)], high-dose BPA treatment [5 mg/kg/day s.c. (BPA-HD)], and Control (vehicle) groups. Milk was collected at PND15 and 21, which represents the end of exposure and 6 days after withdrawal, respectively. Dams were euthanized at weaning. Offspring of both genders were euthanized at PND15, 21, and 180. Milk estradiol levels were lower in the BPA-HD group than in the control group at PND 15; however, they were higher at PND21. Female rats whose mothers were BPA-exposed showed more significant differences from those in the control group, including better glycemic control and lipid profiles and higher food intake without higher adiposity, in adulthood than in the weaning period, when they presented with higher adiposity and hyperestrogenism. Conversely, male rats showed more abnormalities after BPA exposure compared to control rats, including insulin, leptin, testosterone, and thyroid hormone changes, when young but exhibited fewer alterations in adulthood, with increase only in LDLc in the BPA-HD rats. Taken together, the present findings suggest that exposure to BPA exclusively through milk affects adiposity, metabolism, and/or hormones of offspring in the short and long term, possibly compromising normal development in both sexes.

Modification of Pineal Ultrastructure by Exogenous Hormones

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
R. A. Turner ◽  
A. E. Rodin ◽  
D. K. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Gonadal Atrophy ◽  
Pineal Ultrastructure

There have been many reports which establish a relationship between the pineal and sexual structures, including gonadal hypertrophy after pinealectomy, and gonadal atrophy after injection of pineal homogenates or of melatonin. In order to further delineate this relationship the pineals from 5 groups of female rats were studied by electron microscopy:ControlsPregnant ratsAfter 4 weekly injections of 0.1 mg. estradiol benzoate.After 8 daily injections of 150 mcgm. melatonin (pineal hormone).After 8 daily injections of 3 mg. serotonin (melatonin precursor).No ultrastructural differences were evident between the control, and the pregnancy and melatonin groups. However, the estradiol injected animals exhibited a marked increase in the amount and size of rough endoplasmic reticulum within the pineal cells.

scholarly journals Effects of a new thyrotropic drug isolated from Potentilla alba on the male reproductive system of rats and offspring development

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubov V. Krepkova ◽  
Valentina V. Bortnikova ◽  
Aleksandra N. Babenko ◽  
Praskovya G. Mizina ◽  
Vladimir A. Mkhitarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Study ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Offspring Development ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background The dysfunction of the thyroid gland is a common medical condition. Nowadays, patients frequently use medicinal herbs as complementary or alternative options to conventional drug treatments. These patients may benefit from treatment of thyroid dysfunctions with Potentilla alba L. preparations. While it has been reported that Potentilla alba preparations have low toxicity, nothing is known about their ability to affect reproductive functions in patients of childbearing age. Methods Male Wistar rats were orally treated with a thyrotrophic botanical drug, standardized Potentilla alba Dry Extract (PADE), at doses 8 and 40 times higher than the median therapeutic dose recommended for the clinical trials, for 60 consecutive days. Male Wistar rats receiving water (H2O) were used as controls. After completing treatment, half of the PADE-treated and control males were used to determine PADE gonadotoxicity, and the remaining half of PADE-treated and control males were mated with intact females. Two female rats were housed with one male for two estrus cycles. PADE effects on fertility and fetal/offspring development were evaluated. Results Herein, we report that oral treatment of male Wistar rats with PADE before mating with intact females instigated marked effects on male reproductive organs. Treatment significantly decreased the motility of the sperm and increased the number of pathological forms of spermatozoa. Additionally, a dose-dependent effect on Leydig cells was observed. However, these PADE effects did not significantly affect male fertility nor fetal and offspring development when PADE-treated males were mated with intact females. Conclusions PADE treatment of male rates negatively affected sperm and testicular Leydig cell morphology. However, these changes did not affect male fertility and offspring development. It is currently not known whether PADE treatment may affect human male fertility and offspring development. Therefore, these results from an animal study need to be confirmed in humans. Results from this animal study can be used to model the exposure-response relationship and adverse outcomes in humans.

PLASMA PROLACTIN AND PROGESTERONE RESPONSES TO MATING ARE ALTERED IN AGED RATS

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. HENDRICKS ◽  
C. A. BLAKE
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The effects of varying amounts of copulatory stimulation on patterns of plasma concentrations of prolactin and progesterone were evaluated in 3- and 12-month-old female rats. The 12-month-old group included rats which still exhibited oestrous cycles and rats in persistent vaginal oestrus (PVO). The extent of copulatory stimulation was defined by the number of intromissions received during mating: ≤5,15 or > 50. Blood samples were drawn over the 8 days after mating through a cannula inserted into the right external jugular vein. Plasma from the samples was assayed for prolactin and progesterone. In aged but still cyclic rats, pregnancy rates were positively correlated with the number of intromissions received during mating. Only one rat in PVO became pregnant. All animals which became pregnant and rats in PVO which, after mating, exhibited a disruption of the pattern of PVO, showed the nocturnal surge of plasma prolactin characteristic of pregnant and pseudopregnant rats. While these surges persisted until day 8 after mating in pregnant animals, they were absent by this time in the rats in PVO. Prolactin surges were present in some but not all of the aged rats which did not become pregnant. Progesterone concentrations were raised in all pregnant animals except the one pregnant rat in PVO and, while not related to the number of intromissions, concentrations were higher 8 days after mating in young compared with those in aged pregnant rats. Plasma progesterone was low in rats in PVO regardless of disruption of the pattern of PVO. We have concluded that the failure of limited copulatory stimulation to induce pregnancy in older rats results, at least in part, from its failure to initiate nocturnal prolactin surges. Nevertheless, our data suggest that matings which are not experimentally limited should provide ample stimulation to establish such surges. Although reduced plasma concentrations of prolactin and progesterone at pro-oestrus and reduced plasma progesterone through part of gestation may contribute to decreasing fertility in aged rats, other unidentified factors appear to be involved in mediating the capacity of extensive copulatory stimulation to induce pregnancy in these animals.

METABOLISM OF 20β-HYDROXY-4-PREGNEN-3-ONE IN UTERINE TISSUE OF NON-PREGNANT RATS IN VITRO

1976 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Lisboa ◽  
M. Holtermann
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Uterine Tissue ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Progesterone Metabolites ◽  
Ovariectomized Adult Rats

ABSTRACT In vitro experiments carried out with uterus preparations of ovariectomized adult rats indicate the presence in this tissue of a 20β-hydroxysteroid-oxidoreductase which catalyzes the conversion of 20β-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one to progesterone. Since a hepatic 20β-hydroxysteroid-oxidoreductase is absent in adult female rats, the myometrial enzyme can be responsible for the biological activity of 20β-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one in these animals. Besides progesterone five metabolites were isolated and identified after incubation of [4-14C]20β-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one with uterine tissue: 20β-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-3-one, 20β-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-3-one, 5α-pregnane-3α,20β-diol, 4-pregnene-3α,20β-diol and 4-pregnene-3β,20β-diol. The conversion of 20β-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one to progesterone permits us to regard all five steroids isolated as progesterone metabolites in the rat uterus. 20β-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-3-one is the first C21-metabolite with a 5β(H)-configuration isolated in the rat uterus, which indicates the presence of 5β-reductase in this tissue.

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