Emotional reagibility and working memory performance - differential effects of emotional interference control in subjects with and without ADHD

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1207-1207
Author(s):  
I. Marx ◽  
G. Domes ◽  
C. Havenstein ◽  
C. Berger ◽  
L. Schulze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Performance Accuracy ◽  
Display Performance

In a number of studies, it has been shown that subjects with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show deficits in executive functioning, i.e. in cognitive functions that subserve planning, monitoring and control of goal-directed behaviour (Martinussen et al., 2005; Willcutt et al., 2005), as well as in emotion regulation (Berlin et al., 2004; Desman et al., 2006). However, no study exists so far examining the interaction between cognition and emotion regulation in subjects with ADHD. In our study, we aimed to examine to what extend arousing emotional picture stimuli may account for differential effects in performance quality in subjects with and without ADHD. Thirty-nine males and females with ADHD aged 18 to 40 years and 40 matched healthy controls performed a working memory n-back task (1-back, 2-back). The task was performed with and without neutral and negative background pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) which varied in arousal (low, medium, high). Irrespective of ADHD diagnosis, all subjects were slower and demonstrated lower performance accuracy in the 2-back condition compared with the 1-back condition, and all subjects deteriorated with increasing picture arousal. In comparison to healthy controls, subjects with ADHD displayed a deficit in working memory performance in terms of prolonged reaction times and decreased performance accuracy. Beyond this, we found that whereas healthy controls did not display performance deficits until they were presented with high-arousal background pictures, subjects with ADHD were already impaired when presented with medium-arousal background pictures. The implications of these and further findings will be discussed.

Testing whether implicit emotion regulation mediates the association between discrimination and symptoms of psychopathology in late childhood: An RDoC perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
T.G. Vargas ◽  
V.A. Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Neurocognitive Functions ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Implicit Emotion Regulation ◽  
Multiple Units

Abstract Discrimination has been associated with adverse mental health outcomes, though it is unclear how early in life this association becomes apparent. Implicit emotion regulation, developing during childhood, is a foundational skill tied to a range of outcomes. Implicit emotion regulation has yet to be tested as an associated process for mental illness symptoms that can often emerge during this sensitive developmental period. Youth aged 9–11 were recruited for the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Associations between psychotic-like experiences, depressive symptoms, and total discrimination (due to race, ethnicity, nationality, weight, or sexual minority status) were tested, as well as associations with implicit emotion regulation measures (emotional updating working memory and inhibitory control). Analyses examined whether associations with symptoms were mediated by implicit emotion regulation. Discrimination related to decreased implicit emotion regulation performance, and increased endorsement of depressive symptoms and psychotic-like experiences. Emotional updating working memory performance partially mediated the association between discrimination and psychotic-like experiences, while emotional inhibitory control did not. Discrimination and implicit emotion regulation could serve as putative transdiagnostic markers of vulnerability. Results support the utility of using multiple units of analysis to improve understanding of complex emerging neurocognitive functions and developmentally sensitive periods.

The Effects of Guanfacine on Working Memory Performance in Patients With Localization-Related Epilepsy and Healthy Controls

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara E. Swartz ◽  
Carrie R. McDonald ◽  
Ashok Patel ◽  
Denise Torgersen
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Healthy Controls

scholarly journals Working Memory Depletion Affects Intertemporal Choice Among Internet Addicts and Healthy Controls

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxia Li
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls

Addiction to the Internet has emerged as a new kind of addictive behavior. Although previous studies have revealed that impairments in working memory led to suboptimal decision making (e.g., a greater willingness to choose smaller, more immediate rewards), little is known about how working memory affects intertemporal choice in Internet addicts and normal users. Thus, this study’s aim was to investigate the effect of working memory task on intertemporal choice in 33 participants addicted to internet and 25 healthy controls. Participants were administered (a) a test for Internet Addiction, (b) a single delay discounting self-report questionnaire (c) a working memory task. Differences between the Internet addicts and the control group were observed in terms of delay discounting rates, reaction times, and in memory accuracy rates. We observed significantly higher delay discounting rates among individuals addicted to the Internet. Moreover, it was documented that reaction times follow the 4-level working memory condition were significantly longer than follow the 2-level condition, in both the Internet addicts and the control group. The current findings suggest that Internet addicts are more likely to make short-sighted decisions than normal Internet users. The higher the level of working memory, the more likely an individual is to choose the present smaller reward, thus making short-sighted decisions, and have longer response times.

scholarly journals The contribution of interference control for young children`s working memory performance: Insights from eye-tracking

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia M. Roebers ◽  
Corinne Schmid ◽  
Thomas Roderer
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
The Individual

In the present study, the role of visual attentional processes for working memory performance in a sample of 6-year-olds was investigated. This was done by combining an individual differences approach with an experimental manipulation: For the individual differences approach, participants were grouped based on their performance in a classical interference control task, and their working memory skills were systematically compared. For the experimental manipulation, the need to control interference while performing a working memory task was increased in one condition through presentation of distracting stimuli. In a between-subject design performance in this condition was contrasted with a control condition without distractors. Additionally, fixation time during stimuli presentation were quantified by tracking participants` gazes. Results revealed that children with higher interference control skills showed superior working memory performance. Increasing the need to inhibit attention towards task-irrelevant information through presentation of distractors decreased working memory performance. The present study offers supporting evidence for a close relationship between young children`s working memory and attention.

scholarly journals Glioma of The Temporal Lobe That Impair Working Memory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengyuan Ni ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Dejun Bao ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Span Tasks ◽  
Memory Network ◽  
Back Task

Abstract Background: Working memory refers to the temporary storage and manipulation of information. Although working memory is generally considered to rely primarily on a fronto-parietal network, there is recent evidence that the temporal lobe has an important role in specific aspects of working memory. Methods: In this study, we assessed 30 patients with temporal tumor and 30 healthy controls using a method that combined memory tests with working memory tasks ( Digital span task, Spatial capacity N-back task and Emotional N-back task ). Results: The results revealed that there are no significant difference between the groups with regard to the neuropsychological functionings. For working memory tasks, statistically significant differences were not found on the 1-back tasks and forward versions of simple span tasks between the temporal patients group (TP) and the healthy controls group (HC). Analysis of correct responses of the experimental tasks suggested that the TP group was significantly different from the HC group in the 2-back tasks and backward versions of simple span tasks. For reaction times, spatial capacity 2-back task and emotional 2-back task showed the TP group were significantly different from the HC group. Conclusion: These findings revealed that working memory capacity was impaired in patients with a temporal tumour and that the temporal lobe may be a certain neuroanatomical structure in the working memory network.

scholarly journals Positivity Effect and Working Memory Performance Remains Intact in Older Adults After Sleep Deprivation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Gerhardsson ◽  
Håkan Fischer ◽  
Mats Lekander ◽  
Göran Kecklund ◽  
John Axelsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Positivity Effect ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Positive Stimuli

Background: Older adults perform better in tasks which include positive stimuli, referred to as the positivity effect. However, recent research suggests that the positivity effect could be attenuated when additional challenges such as stress or cognitive demands are introduced. Moreover, it is well established that older adults are relatively resilient to many of the adverse effects of sleep deprivation. Our aim was to investigate if the positivity effect in older adults is affected by one night of total sleep deprivation using an emotional working memory task. Methods: A healthy sample of 48 older adults (60-72 years) was either sleep deprived for one night (n = 24) or had a normal night’s sleep (n = 24). They performed an emotional working memory n-back (n = 1 & 3) task containing positive, negative and neutral pictures. Results: Performance in terms of accuracy and reaction times was best for positive stimuli and worst for negative stimuli. This positivity effect was not altered by sleep deprivation. Results also showed that, despite significantly increased sleepiness, there was no effect of sleep deprivation on working memory performance. A working memory load × valence interaction on the reaction times revealed that the beneficial effect of positive stimuli was only present in the 1-back condition. Conclusion: While the positivity effect and general working memory abilities in older adults are intact after one night of sleep deprivation, increased cognitive demand attenuates the positivity effect on working memory speed.

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