The role of perfectionism in perinatal depression (ICD-10, DSM-IV and BDI-II, PDSS)

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1679-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Maia ◽  
A.T. Pereira ◽  
M. Marques ◽  
M.J. Soares ◽  
S. Bos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Clinically Depressed ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
High Standards ◽  
In Pregnancy

AimsThe role of perfectionism as a correlate of perinatal depressive symptomatology, and as a predictor of postpartum depressive disorder was examined.Methods386 women in their third trimester of pregnancy (mean age = 30.08 years; SD = 4.205; range = 19–44) completed the Portuguese versions of Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II/BDI-II, Postpartum Depression Screening Scale/PDSS and three additional questions evaluating anxiety trait, life stress perception and social support. Diagnoses of depression (ICD-10/DSM-IV) were obtained using the Portuguese version of the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies/OPCRIT system. Women who were clinically depressed in pregnancy (ICD-10/DSM-IV) were excluded from the analysis.ResultsSelf-Oriented Perfectionism/SOP and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism/SPP subcomponents were significant correlates of depressive symptomatology (BDI-II/PDSS) in pregnancy. SPP-Others High Standards/OHS was a significant predictor of postpartum depressive symptomatology (BDI-II/PDSS), and SPP-Conditional Acceptance/CA was a predictor of postpartum depressive symptomatology (PDSS). None of the perfectionism subscales predicted postpartum depressive disorder (ICD-10/DSM-IV).ConclusionsSOP and SPP have shown to be relevant correlates of depressive symptomatology in pregnancy. In the present study, SPP-OHS and SPP-CA were also significant correlates of perinatal depressive symptomatology, as well as important risk factors for depressive symptomatology in postpartum. Perfectionism subscales were not significant predictors of postpartum depressive disorder (ICD-10/DSM-IV). While SPP maladaptive influence was supported, SOP was shown to be more heterogeneous in its consequences. These findings may have important implications both for clinical practice and for research.

scholarly journals Attentional biases in depression: Relation to disorder severity, rumination, and anhedonia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Krings ◽  
Alexandre Heeren ◽  
Philippe Fontaine ◽  
Sylvie Blairy
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Exogenous Cueing ◽  
Clinically Depressed ◽  
The One

Introduction: According to cognitive models of depression, selective attentional biases (ABs) for mood-congruent information are core vulnerability factors of depression maintenance. However, findings concerning the presence of these biases in depression are mixed. This study aims to clarify the presence of these ABs among individuals with clinical and subclinical depression. Method: We compared three groups based on a semi-structured diagnostic interview and a depressive symptoms scale (BDI-II): 34 individuals with major depressive disorder (clinically depressed); 35 with a dysphoric mood but without the criteria of major depressive disorder (i.e., subclinically depressed), and 26 never been depressed individuals. We examined AB for sad and happy materials in three modified versions of the exogenous cueing task using scenes, facial expressions, and words. Brooding, anhedonia, and anxiety were also evaluated. Results: In contrast to our hypotheses, there were no ABs for negative or positive information, regardless of the task and the groups. Neither the association between AB toward negative information and brooding nor the one between AB away from positive stimuli and anhedonia was significant. Bayes factors analyses revealed that the present pattern of findings does not result from a lack of statistical power.Discussion: Our results raise questions about how common AB is in depression. From a theoretical point of view, because individuals with depression did not exhibit AB, our results also seemingly challenge the claim that AB figures prominently in the maintenance of depression. We believe the present null results to be particularly useful for future meta-research in the field.

scholarly journals En innføring i depresjonsvurdering med PHQ-9

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Formo Langkaas ◽  
Even Rognan ◽  
Sverre Urnes Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Cutoff Scores

Assessment of depression is a routine task in clinical practice in Norway. National guidelines (Helsedirektoratet, 2009) recommend the use of measurement instruments in assessment of depression. PHQ-9 is widely used in research and practice. The official PHQ-9 manual provides practical guidance on interpreting test results with the use of clinical cutoff scores and a diagnostic algorithm for DSM-IV. With background from clinical practice and research, we summarize and provide guidance on the practical use of PHQ-9 beyond what the official PHQ-9 manual offers, applied to a Norwegian context. We provide a general introduction to diagnostic assessment of depression and the limited role of measurement instruments in such assessments. We describe how the original diagnostic algorithm can be adapted to ICD-10 criteria, we describe how to apply clinical significance to use PHQ-9 as a feedback instrument to monitor treatment progress, and we describe how to interpret results with missing answers. Finally, we discuss the shortcomings of relying on measurement instruments in assessment of depression and conclude that PHQ-9 is better suited in ordinary practice than other instruments recommended in the national guidelines.

Relapsing versus non relapsing course of schizophrenia: a cohort study in a community based mental health service

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Di Michele ◽  
Francesca Bolino ◽  
Monica Mazza ◽  
Rita Roncone ◽  
Massimo Casacchia
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Power ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Clinical Phase ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Negative Syndrome

SUMMARYAim - We examined the effect of several clinical variables on the tendency to relapse and to require hospitalization in a cohort of patients, living in the community and followed up naturalistically for seven years. Method - Forty-six patients affected by schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, according to both DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria, were assessed by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Life Skills Profile (LSP). All patients consecutively enrolled, were assessed in a stable clinical phase of illness and treated as usual by their reference psychiatrist. Social and clinical outcome was assessed yearly for seven years after the study entry and analyzed with survival analysis. Results - Patients who did not relapse, were characterized by higher functioning, lower positive symptoms, higher ability in self-care and non-turbulence and higher IQ at their baseline clinical evaluation. These variables were entered in a Cox regression model to corroborate the predictive power on the relapsing course of illness. Only IQ and non-turbulence scores of LSP were entered in the equation (Wald method: p=0.007 and p=0.002 respectively). Conclusions - Several factors interact with the course of illness and influence the tendency to require hospitalization. In the present study we report that non-turbulence is a significant predictor of a non-relapsing course of illness. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of other mediating variables.Declaration of Interest: none.

Non-disabled cases in a national survey

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. HENDERSON ◽  
A. KORTEN ◽  
J. MEDWAY
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Reported Data

Background. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates of mental disorders consistently reported in large-scale community surveys have met with deserved scepticism. A crucial variable is the extent to which people who are considered cases are also disabled by their symptoms. In a national population survey, we hypothesized that an administratively significant proportion of persons with anxiety or depressive disorders according to ICD-10 and DSM-IV would report no disability.Methods. Interviews were sought on a nationally representative sample of people aged 18 and over across Australia. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview on laptop (CIDI-A) was used by professional survey interviewers to identify persons meeting ICD-10 or DSM-IV criteria for anxiety or depressive disorders in the previous 4 weeks, together with self-reported data on associated disability and medical consultations for the same period.Results. In an achieved sample of 10641 persons (response rate = 78%), no disability in daily life was reported by 28% of persons with an anxiety disorder and 15% with a depressive disorder by ICD-10 criteria; and by 20·4% and 13·9% respectively by DSM-IV. Non-disabled respondents had lower scores on two measures of psychological distress and markedly lower rates for having consulted a doctor for their symptoms.Conclusion. The ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria for anxiety and depressive disorders, when applied to the information on symptoms elicited by the CIDI-A, inadequately discriminate between people who are and are not disabled by their symptoms. There may be a group of highly symptomatic people in the general population who tolerate their symptoms and are not disabled by them.

scholarly journals Delirium: the role of psychiatry

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Meagher
Keyword(s):  
Medical Literature ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Mental Disturbance ◽  
Psychotropic Agents ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Health Organization

Acute mental disturbance associated with physical illness is well described in early medical literature, but it was not until 1 AD that Celsus coined the term ‘delirium’ (Lindesay, 1999). Although delirium has many synonyms that are applied in particular clinical settings (Box 1), all acute disturbances of global cognitive functioning are now recognised as ‘delirium’, a consensus supported by both ICD–10 (World Health Organization, 1992) and DSM–IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) classification systems. Delirium is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome that typically involves a plethora of cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms, resulting in a broad differential diagnosis dominated by mental disorders. Psychiatrists' skills in assessing cognitive function and psychopathology, coupled with their knowledge of psychotropic agents, make them well suited to improving detection, coordinating management and facilitating research into this understudied disorder.

scholarly journals Psychiatric history and subthreshold symptoms as predictors of the occurrence of depressive or anxiety disorder within 2 years

2011 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Karsten ◽  
Catharina A. Hartman ◽  
Johannes H. Smit ◽  
Frans G. Zitman ◽  
Aartjan T. F. Beekman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

BackgroundPast episodes of depressive or anxiety disorders and subthreshold symptoms have both been reported to predict the occurrence of depressive or anxiety disorders. It is unclear to what extent the two factors interact or predict these disorders independently.AimsTo examine the extent to which history, subthreshold symptoms and their combination predict the occurrence of depressive (major depressive disorder, dysthymia) or anxiety disorders (social phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalised anxiety disorder) over a 2-year period.MethodThis was a prospective cohort study with 1167 participants: the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Anxiety and depressive disorders were determined with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, subthreshold symptoms were determined with the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology–Self Report and the Beck Anxiety Inventory.ResultsOccurrence of depressive disorder was best predicted by a combination of a history of depression and subthreshold symptoms, followed by either one alone. Occurrence of anxiety disorder was best predicted by both a combination of a history of anxiety disorder and subthreshold symptoms and a combination of a history of depression and subthreshold symptoms, followed by any subthreshold symptoms or a history of any disorder alone.ConclusionsA history and subthreshold symptoms independently predicted the subsequent occurrence of depressive or anxiety disorder. Together these two characteristics provide reasonable discriminative value. Whereas anxiety predicted the occurrence of an anxiety disorder only, depression predicted the occurrence of both depressive and anxiety disorders.

Socially Prescribed and Self-Oriented Perfectionism as Predictors of Depressive Diagnosis in Preadolescents

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Huggins ◽  
Melissa C. Davis ◽  
Rosanna Rooney ◽  
Robert Kane
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Diagnostic Status

AbstractPerfectionism has been shown to be related to depressive symptomatology in both adult and child populations. However, there are no known studies of levels of socially prescribed (SPP) and self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) in nonclinical children versus those with a clinically diagnosed depressive disorder. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine SPP and SOP as predictors of depressive diagnoses in a sample of 10- to 11-year-old children. Seven hundred and eighty-six children (390 boys, 396 girls) from primary schools in low socio-economic metropolitan areas completed the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) as part of a larger study. Children who scored above the clinical cut-off for the CDI also completed part of the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents–IV. Fifty children met criteria for a diagnosis of a depressive disorder. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to predict diagnostic status from SPP, SOP, gender, and intervention group. SPP was the only significant predictor of diagnostic status. Implications for the treatment and prevention of childhood depression are discussed.

scholarly journals Clarifying the role of neuroticism in suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among women with major depressive disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (13) ◽  
pp. 2334-2344 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Rappaport ◽  
J. Flint ◽  
K. S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Major Depressive

BackgroundPrior research consistently demonstrates that neuroticism increases risk for suicidal ideation, but the association between neuroticism and suicidal behavior has been inconsistent. Whereas neuroticism is recommended as an endophenotype for suicidality, the association of neuroticism with attempted suicide warrants clarification. In particular, prior research has not distinguished between correlates of attempted suicide, correlates of suicidal ideation, and correlates of comorbid psychopathology.MethodsThe present study used the CONVERGE study, a sample of 5864 women with major depressive disorder (MD) and 5783 women without MD throughout China. Diagnoses, suicidal ideation, and attempted suicide were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Neuroticism was assessed with the neuroticism portion of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire.ResultsResults replicate prior findings on the correlates of suicidal ideation, particularly elevated neuroticism among individuals who report prior suicidal ideation. Moreover, as compared with individuals who reported having experienced only suicidal ideation, neuroticism was associated with decreased likelihood of having attempted suicide.ConclusionsThe association of neuroticism with suicidality is more complicated than has been previously described. Whereas neuroticism increases risk for suicidal ideation, neuroticism may decrease risk for a suicide attempt among individuals with suicidal ideation. These results have implications for the assessment of risk for a suicide attempt among individuals who report suicidal ideation and addresses prior discordant findings by clarifying the association between neuroticism and attempted suicide.

scholarly journals Sexual dysfunction: classification and assessment

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Bhugra ◽  
Gabriele Colombini
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Sexual Dysfunctions ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Dsm Iv

SummarySexual dysfunction is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, but it is often ignored in assessment. It can be primary or secondary (a result of psychiatric disorder or medication). Success rates in managing sexual dysfunction are relatively high, with good response to psychological and medical interventions. In ICD-10 and DSM-IV-TR, sexual dysfunctions are broadly classified on the basis of the stages of sexual activity, from arousal to orgasm. There are major similarities between ICD and DSM in diagnosis and classification of sexual dysfunction, but both systems raise challenges. These include definitions of what is ‘normal’ and how abnormality is defined. In this article, we describe the role of the two systems and possible amendments that might help researchers and clinicians. We also present key principles for the assessment and treatment of people who experience sexual dysfunction. We consider problems that need to be managed in engaging and in the therapeutic alliance.

scholarly journals Accuracy of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 2.1) for diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder according to DSM-IV criteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1312-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Inês Quintana ◽  
Jair de Jesus Mari ◽  
Wagner Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Miguel Roberto Jorge ◽  
Sergio Baxter Andreoli
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Dsm Iv

The objective was to study the accuracy of the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) section of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 2.1) DSM-IV diagnosis, using the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) as gold standard, and compare the ICD-10 and DSM IV classifications for PTSD. The CIDI was applied by trained lay interviewers and the SCID by a psychologist. The subjects were selected from a community and an outpatient program. A total of 67 subjects completed both assessments. Kappa coefficients for the ICD-10 and the DSM IV compared to the SCID diagnosis were 0.67 and 0.46 respectively. Validity for the DSM IV diagnosis was: sensitivity (51.5%), specificity (94.1%), positive predictive value (9.5%), negative predictive value (66.7%), misclassification rate (26.9%). The CIDI 2.1 demonstrated low validity coefficients for the diagnosis of PTSD using DSM IV criteria when compared to the SCID. The main source of discordance in this study was found to be the high probability of false-negative cases with regards to distress and impairment as well as to avoidance symptoms.

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