P.4.b.007 Dopamine receptor D4 gene polymorphism and personality traits in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients and in healthy controls

BackgroundObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) patients typically overmonitor their own behavior, as shown by symptoms of excessive doubt and checking. Although this is well established for the patients’ relationship with external stimuli in the environment, no study has explored their monitoring of internal body signals, a process known to be affected in anxiety-related syndromes. Here, we explored this issue through a cardiac interoception task that measures sensing of heartbeats. Our aim was to explore key behavioral and electrophysiological aspects of internal-cue monitoring in OCD, while examining their potential distinctiveness in this condition.MethodWe administered a heartbeat detection (HBD) task (with related interoceptive confidence and awareness measures) to three matched groups (OCD patients, panic disorder patients, healthy controls) and recorded ongoing modulations of two task-relevant electrophysiological markers: the heart evoked potential (HEP) and the motor potential (MP).ResultsBehaviorally, OCD patients outperformed controls and panic patients in the HBD task. Moreover, they exhibited greater amplitude modulation of both the HEP and the MP during cardiac interoception. However, they evinced poorer confidence and awareness of their interoceptive skills.ConclusionsConvergent behavioral and electrophysiological data showed that overactive monitoring in OCD extends to the sensing of internal bodily signals. Moreover, this pattern discriminated OCD from panic patients, suggesting a condition-distinctive alteration. Our results highlight the potential of exploring interoceptive processes in the OCD spectrum to better characterize the population's cognitive profile. Finally, these findings may lay new bridges between somatic theories of emotion and cognitive models of OCD.

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EEG-source estimates and vigilance regulation in obsessive compulsive disorder in comparison to healthy controls

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72682-7 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 977-977 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Olbrich ◽

S. Olbrich ◽

I. Jahn ◽

U. Hegerl ◽

K. Stengler

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Biological Marker ◽

Multiple Comparison ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Eeg Power

Neurophysiological hyperactivation of cortical and subcortical brain areas has been reported in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) using functional imaging techniques and electroencephalography (EEG). Also sleep disturbances and delayed sleep phases have been associated with OCD symptomatology. However, vigilance regulation in OCD during the transition phase from wakefulness to sleep onset remains unclear. Therefore the aim of this study was to analyze EEG-source estimates and EEG vigilance regulation in OCD patients in comparison to healthy controls.A 15 minute resting EEG was recorded in 30 unmedicated OCD patients and 30 healthy, age and gender matched controls. EEG power source estimates of the whole time series were computed by exact Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (eLORETA). Each consecutive one second EEG-segment was classified into one out of seven EEG-vigilance stages (0, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2/3, C) using Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig (VIGALL). The eLORETA analysis (log of F-ratios, p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparison) revealed significantly increased delta power in the right superior frontal gyrus for OCD patients in comparison to healthy controls. Vigilance analysis yielded significantly increased amounts of high vigilance stage A2 (Mann-Whitney test, p < 0.001, corrected for multiple comparison) for OCD patients.This study repeated findings of altered EEG-power in frontal areas in OCD patients. Alterations of EEG-vigilance regulation were found with increased amounts of high vigilance stage A2. This is in line with a hypothesis of cortical hyperactivation in OCD. The value of EEG-vigilance as a possible biological marker for e.g. treatment response should be focus of further studies.

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Cerebrospinal Fluid Biogenic Amines in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Tourette's Syndrome, and Healthy Controls

Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1016/0893-133x(94)00070-g ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 73-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

J Leckman

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Biogenic Amines ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Tourette's Syndrome ◽

Tourette’S Syndrome ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder

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Effect of obsessive personality traits and impulsiveness on obsessive-compulsive disorder and eating disorders among hospital nurses

Promotion of Work Ability towards Productive Aging ◽

10.1201/9780203882511-58 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 325-328

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Hospital Nurses ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder

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Executive functioning in Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

10.1101/2021.04.29.21256321 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Long Long Chen ◽

Oskar Flygare ◽

John Wallert ◽

Jesper Enander ◽

Volen Ivanov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Test Performance ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽

Spatial Working Memory ◽

Clinical Severity ◽

Stop Signal Task ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder

Objective: To assess executive functions in patients with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) compared with healthy controls. Methods: Adults diagnosed with BDD (n=26) or OCD (n=29) according to DSM-5, and healthy controls (n=28) underwent validated and computerized neuropsychological tests; spatial working memory (SWM), Intra- extra dimensional set shifting (IED) and Stop signal task (SST), from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Test performance was compared between groups, and correlated to standardized symptom severity of BDD and OCD. Significance level was set to p<0.05. Results: There were no statistically significant between-group differences on key outcome measures in SWM, IED, or SST. There was a weak positive correlation between symptom severity and test errors on SWM and IED in both OCD and BDD groups; increased clinical severity were associated with more errors in these tests. Further, there was a negative correlation between symptom severity and SST in the BDD group. Conclusions: Patients with BDD or OCD did not differ from healthy control subjects in terms of test performance, however there were several statistically significant correlations between symptom severity and performance in those with BDD or OCD. More studies on EF in BDD and OCD are required to elucidate if there are differences in EF between these two disorders.

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The Mediating Role of Alexithymia in the Relationship of Coping Strategies and Personality Traits With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Quarterly of Horizon of Medical Sciences ◽

10.32598/hms.27.1.3355.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 62-81

Author(s):

Masoud Bagheri ◽

◽

Kazem Nematollah Zadeh Mahani ◽

Maryam Pour Amrollahi ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Mediating Role ◽

The Relationship

Aims: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is one of the severe psychological health problems imposing considerable social and economic costs on society. OCD debilitating symptoms can disrupt interpersonal relations, job performance, and life quality. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of alexithymia in the relationship between coping strategies and personality traits with OCD. Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive correlational study. The study population consists of all people with OCD referred to psychiatric clinics in Kerman City, Iran, during 2018-2019. Of this population, 200 patients were selected using a convenience sampling method. Research instruments included the ways of coping questionnaire, NEO five-factor personality inventory, Toronto alexithymia scale, and Maudsley obsessive-compulsive test. The obtained data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test and simultaneous and hierarchical regression in SPSS v. 23. Findings: Personality traits had a negative significant correlation with alexithymia (r=0.523, P<0.000) and OCD (r=0.253, P<0.000). Alexithymia had a significant positive correlation with OCD (r=0.272, P<0.000). There was no correlation between problem-focused coping and alexithymia (r=-0.045, P<0.531). There was a positive correlation between emotion-focused coping and OCD (r=0.198, P<0.000). The fit indices indicated a good fit of the proposed model (P<0.005). Conclusion: Alexithymia, as a mediator of the relationship between coping styles and personality traits with OCD, plays an essential role in improving the psychological health of people with OCD.

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Correlational research on facial and clinical characteristics of adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder

10.21203/rs.3.rs-362348/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yanrong Wang ◽

Shaohua Chang ◽

Xiaomin Ma ◽

Jiying Li ◽

Ruixia Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Lower Lip ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Correlational Research ◽

Nasolabial Angle ◽

The Difference ◽

The Relationship

Abstract We examined the relationship between facial morphological features and clinical characteristics of adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The enrolled study sample comprised 40 adolescents diagnosed with OCD using the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory Child Version (OCI-CV) and 38 healthy controls (HCs). Facial photos, 21 facial diameters, and nine facial angles were collected using image software. In males, lower lip red height was significantly lower in OCD patients than in HCs (P < 0.05); no significant differences were observed in other facial indicators (all P > 0.05). In females, the nasolabial angle was smaller in OCD patients than in HCs (P < 0.05); no significant differences were observed in other facial indicators (all P > 0.05). The difference in lower lip red height between the OCD group and HC group was positively correlated with mental neutralization symptoms (r = 0.401, P < 0.05). Our findings highlight the relationship between facial and clinical characteristics in OCD patients.

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