P.2.e.008 Implicit and explicit verbal memory performances of patients with bipolar disorder, their unaffected relatives and healthy controls

Cognitive deficits in various domains have been shown in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The purpose of the present study was to examine if residual psychopathology explained the difference in cognitive function between clinically stable patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We compared the performance on tests of attention, visual and verbal memory, and executive function of 25 patients with schizophrenia in remission and 25 euthymic bipolar disorder patients with that of 25 healthy controls. Mediation analysis was used to see if residual psychopathology could explain the difference in cognitive function between the patient groups. Both patient groups performed significantly worse than healthy controls on most cognitive tests. Patients with bipolar disorder displayed cognitive deficits that were milder but qualitatively similar to those of patients with schizophrenia. Residual negative symptoms mediated the difference in performance on cognitive tests between the two groups. Neither residual general psychotic symptoms nor greater antipsychotic doses explained this relationship. The shared variance explained by the residual negative and cognitive deficits that the difference between patient groups may be explained by greater frontal cortical neurophysiological deficits in patients with schizophrenia, compared to bipolar disorder. Further longitudinal work may provide insight into pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie these deficits.

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The Effect of Gender on Neurocognitive Functioning in Bipolar Disorder

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2184 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S213-S213 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Tournikioti ◽

P. Ferentinos ◽

I. Michopoulos ◽

D. Dikeos ◽

C. Soldatos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Executive Functions ◽

Associative Learning ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Gender Effects ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Bipolar Patients

IntroductionBipolar disorder (BD) is frequently associated with cognitive deficits in attention, verbal memory and executive functions that have been related to various clinical characteristics of the disorder.ObjectivesHowever, few studies have examined the effect of gender on cognition despite its clinical relevance.AimsThe aim of our study was to investigate potential diagnosis-specific gender effects on visual memory/learning and executive functions in BD.MethodsCognitive performance of 60 bipolar-I patients and 30 healthy controls was evaluated by using CANTAB battery tasks targeting spatial memory (SRM), paired associative learning (PAL), executive functions (ID/ED, SOC). A multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) of neuropsychological parameters was performed with gender and diagnosis as fixed effects and age and education as covariates. Following univariate analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were undertaken to examine the effect of gender on each neuropsychological task.ResultsBipolar patients showed significantly poorer performance in paired associative learning (PAL), set shifting (ID/ED) and planning (SOC). Moreover, a diagnosis specific gender effect was observed for cognitive functioning in BD (gender × diagnosis interaction P = 0.029). Specifically, male healthy controls outperformed healthy females in tasks of visual memory/learning but this pattern was not sustained (SRM) or was even reversed (PAL) in BD patients.ConclusionsThe present study is one of the few studies that have examined the effect of gender on neurocognitive function in BD. Our findings indicate that the gender-related variation observed in healthy subjects is disrupted in BD. Moreover, they suggest that gender may modulate the degree of frontotemporal dysregulation observed in BD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Implicit and explicit self-associations in bipolar disorder: A comparison with healthy controls and unipolar depressive disorder

Psychiatry Research ◽

10.1016/j.psychres.2013.11.030 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 215 (2) ◽

pp. 329-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nienke Jabben ◽

Peter J. de Jong ◽

Ralph W. Kupka ◽

Klaske A. Glashouwer ◽

Willem A. Nolen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Unipolar Depressive Disorder ◽

Implicit And Explicit

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Evaluation of Cognitive Dysfunction in a Sample of Patients Affected by Bipolar Disorder

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2181 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S212-S212

Author(s):

E. Stella ◽

M. La Montagna ◽

L. Borraccino ◽

F. Ricci ◽

A.I. Triggiani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Working Memory ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Visual Learning ◽

Verbal Learning ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Speed Of Processing ◽

Cognitive Disturbances ◽

Competing Interest

IntroductionCognitive dysfunctions concerning working memory, attention, psychomotor speed, and verbal memory are a disabling feature of the bipolar disorder (BD). According to scientific literature, cognitive disturbances are present not only in depressive and manic phases of BD, but also during the euthymic period, without regard to whether or not drugs are assumed.ObjectiveTo determine the presence of one or more dysfunctions in cognitive domains in a sample of subjects suffering from BD, in euthymic phase, compared with healthy controls.AimsEvaluation of the following cognitive performances in subjects affected by BD: speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition.MethodsForty-six patients affected by BD in the euthymic phase (mean age: 43.17 years old; 39.13% male), and 58 healthy controls (mean age: 39.21 years old; 51.72% male) were enrolled in the psychiatric unit of Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Foggia. The neuropsychological battery MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was administered by trained psychiatrists.ResultsWe found the presence of cognitive impairment, affecting six out of seven of cognitive functions assessed (P < 0.001): speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving.ConclusionsThese preliminary results from our case-control study show that cognitive deficits are clearly present also during the euthymic phases of subjects with bipolar disorder (mainly pertaining attention/vigilance domain). These cognitive abnormalities may represent a biomarker of bipolar disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Neurocognition in Unaffected First-Degree Relatives of Patients With Bipolar Disorder Type I From India

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/2158244011436351 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 215824401143635 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Raman Deep Pattanayak ◽

Rajesh Sagar ◽

Manju Mehta

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Formal Education ◽

Type I ◽

Trail Making Test ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

First Degree Relatives ◽

Trail Making ◽

Disorder Type

The study aims to evaluate the neuropsychological functions of unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder Type I (BD-I) in comparison with healthy controls. The method was a cross-sectional assessment of 20 first-degree relatives of patients with BD-I and 20 healthy controls. Inclusion criteria for all participants included age between 18 and 55 years, ≥5 years of formal education, right-handedness as per Edinburgh handedness inventory, absence of color blindness as per Ishihara’s isochromatic charts, and a score of >24 on Hindi mental state examination. None of the participants had a current or lifetime diagnosis of a mental disorder on Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Clinician Version. Neuropsychological assessment was conducted with Trail Making Test A and B, Stroop color and word test, N-Back Verbal Memory Test, and Post Graduate Institute (PGI) Memory Scale. Both the groups were comparable in age, gender distribution, and education. The unaffected first-degree relatives performed poorly on Trail Making Test B and (B-A), indicating a poor cognitive flexibility and set-shifting. The relative group also performed poorly on Mental Balance subtest of PGI Memory Scale. The unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with BD display certain impairments in dorsal prefrontal executive functions which can serve as vulnerability markers for BD.

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Decision making in euthymic bipolar I and bipolar II disorders

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291710001832 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 1319-1327 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

D. J. Martino ◽

S. A. Strejilevich ◽

T. Torralva ◽

F. Manes

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Iowa Gambling Task ◽

Large Population ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Gambling Task ◽

Bipolar Ii ◽

History Of

BackgroundThe main aim of this study was to compare a large population of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) types I and II strictly defined as euthymic with healthy controls on measures of decision making. An additional aim was to compare performance on a decision-making task between patients with and without a history of suicide attempt.MethodEighty-five euthymic patients with BD-I or BD-II and 34 healthy controls were included. All subjects completed tests to assess verbal memory, attention and executive functions, and a decision-making paradigm (the Iowa Gambling Task, IGT).ResultsBoth groups of patients had worse performance than healthy controls on measures of verbal memory, attention and executive function. No significant differences were found between BD-I, BD-II and healthy controls on measures of decision making. By contrast, patients with a history of suicide attempt had lower performance in the IGT than patients without a history of suicide attempt.ConclusionsPatients with euthymic BD-I and BD-II had intact decision-making abilities, suggesting that this does not represent a reliable trait marker of the disorder. In addition, our results provide further evidence of an association between impairments in decision making and vulnerability to suicidal behavior.

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Neurocognitive predictors of functional outcome in patients with bipolar disorder

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72633-5 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 928-928

Author(s):

S. Hauska ◽

A. Erfurth ◽

G. Lenz ◽

G. Sachs

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Functional Outcome ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Early Recurrence ◽

Clinical Impression ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Neurocognitive Deficits ◽

Treatment Conditions ◽

Global Clinical Impression

IntroductionNeurocognitive deficits are known as a core feature in bipolar disorder (BPD). Persisting neurocognitive impairment is associated with low self-reported quality of life and low psychosocial functioning. Current findings indicate the importance of adjunctive psychosocial interventions in the treatment of BPD patients to enhance symptomatic and functional outcome.ObjectivesTo assess whether functional outcome in patients with BPD is affected by cognitive psychoeducational therapy, clinical parameters and cognitive impairment.AimsTo identify potential predictors of functional outcome, global clinical impression and early recurrence in patients with BPD.MethodsUsing a neurocognitive test battery 43 patients with BPD in euthymic state were compared to 40 healthy controls. Patients were assigned to two treatment Conditions cognitive psychoeducational therapy over 14 weeks (n = 19, 12 female, age) and treatment-as-usual (n = 24, 14 female). Predictors for functional disability, global clinical impression and early recurrence including clinical and cognitive variables as well as treatment conditions were examined using logistic regression.ResultsCompared to healthy controls patients with BPD showed lower performance in executive function (p < 0.01) and sustained attention (p < 0.001). Cognitive psychoeducation (p < 0.05) and subthreshold depressive symptoms (p < 0.05) were predictors for occupational functioning. Age (p < 0.05), delayed verbal memory (p < 0.05) and word fluency (p < 0.05) predicted global clinical impression. Recurrence in the follow-up period of 12 months was predicted by delayed verbal memory (p < 0.05).ConclusionsPatients with BPD seem to benefit from cognitive psychoeducational training mainly in areas of working life. The extent of cognitive impairment appears to impact clinical outcome and recurrence rate.

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Neuroserpin in Bipolar Disorder

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026620666200131125526 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 518-523

Author(s):

Rugül Köse Çinar

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction Method ◽

Type I ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Disease States ◽

Cord Injury ◽

System Functioning

Objective: Neuroserpin is a serine protease inhibitor predominantly expressed in the nervous system functioning mainly in neuronal migration and axonal growth. Neuroprotective effects of neuroserpin were shown in animal models of stroke, brain, and spinal cord injury. Postmortem studies confirmed the involvement of neuroserpin in Alzheimer’s disease. Since altered adult neurogenesis was postulated as an aetiological mechanism for bipolar disorder, the possible effect of neuroserpin gene expression in the disorder was evaluated. Methods: Neuroserpin mRNA expression levels were examined in the peripheral blood of bipolar disorder type I manic and euthymic patients and healthy controls using the polymerase chain reaction method. The sample comprised of 60 physically healthy, middle-aged men as participants who had no substance use disorder. Results: The gene expression levels of neuroserpin were found lower in the bipolar disorder patients than the healthy controls (p=0.000). The neuroserpin levels did not differ between mania and euthymia (both 96% down-regulated compared to the controls). Conclusion: Since we detected differences between the patients and the controls, not the disease states, the dysregulation in the neuroserpin gene could be interpreted as a result of the disease itself.

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Response Processes to Looming Appetitive and Aversive Cues in Euthymic Bipolar Patients and Their First-Degree Relatives: An Exploratory Study

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1177/0253717620975285 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 025371762097528

Author(s):

Velprashanth Venkatesan ◽

Christoday R J Khess ◽

Umesh Shreekantiah ◽

Nishant Goyal ◽

K. K. Kshitiz

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Sensitivity To Reward ◽

Bipolar Group ◽

First Degree Relatives ◽

Vulnerability Model ◽

Increased Sensitivity ◽

Appetitive Cues ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Bipolar Patients

Background: Patients with bipolar disorder demonstrate increased sensitivity to appetitive/rewarding stimuli even during euthymia. On presentation of arousing pictures, they show a peculiar response, suggesting heightened vigilance. While responding to looming arousing cues, studies show subjects with anxiety spectrum disorders exhibit increased reaction time (RT), explained by the “looming-vulnerability model.” This study aimed to investigate the responses to looming arousing cues in euthymic bipolar patients and their first-degree relatives, as compared to healthy controls. Method: A looming appetitive and aversive cue paradigm was designed for assessing the RT of patients to process appetitive and aversive cues. The behavioral inhibition/activation and sensitivity to reward/punishment amongst the groups were also assessed. Results: The bipolar group showed significantly longer RT to process appetitive cues irrespective of the looming condition. Aversive cues elicited significantly longer RT in both the bipolar group and in first-degree relatives, but only when presented with the looming condition. Significant looming bias was elicited in the bipolar group which suggested a particular cognitive style to looming cues. A composite measure of RT along with sensitivity to reward/punishment distinguishes the bipolar group and their first-degree relatives from the healthy controls. Conclusion: The looming vulnerability model may provide important insights for future exploration of cognitive endophenotypes in bipolar disorder.

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