Effect of chlorine atmospheres on sprouting and development of dry rot, soft rot and silver scurf on potato tubers

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Tweddell ◽  
R. Boulanger ◽  
J. Arul
Keyword(s):  
Soft Rot ◽  
Silver Scurf ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Effect Of Chlorine

scholarly journals Pathogens of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber (Phytophtora infestans) occurring in treatments with foliar fertilization

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Bożena Cwalina-Ambroziak ◽  
Bożena Bogucka
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Ne Poland ◽  
Tuber Diseases

The paper presents the results of a three-year exact plot experiment (2008-2010) established in Bałcyny (NE Poland). Three potato cultivars were grown: medium-early &lsquo;Adam&rsquo;, medium-late &lsquo;Pasja Pomorska&rsquo;, and late &lsquo;Ślęza&rsquo;. The experimental factors were foliar fertilizers applied alone or in combination (Basfoliar 12-4-6, ADOB Mn, Solubor DF) and two levels of soil mineral fertilization (N<sub>1</sub>P<sub>1</sub>K<sub>1</sub>-80 kg N × ha<sup>-1</sup>, 80 kg P × ha<sup>-1</sup>, 120 K × ha<sup>-1</sup>; N<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>K<sub>2</sub>-120 kg N × ha<sup>-1</sup>, 144 kg P × ha<sup>-1</sup>, 156 K × ha<sup>-1</sup>). The experimental materials comprised potato tubers. The symptoms of soft rot (<em>Pectobacterium carotovorum </em>subsp. <em>carotovorum</em>), late blight (<em>Phytophthora infestans</em>) and dry rot (<em>Fusarium </em>spp.) were evaluated in 5 kg potato samples, and were expressed as the percentage mass of infected tubers. The rates of common scab (<em>Streptomyces scabies</em>) and black scurf (<em>Rhizoctonia solani</em>) infection were estimated on 100 tubers collected randomly after harvest, according to a nine-point scale, and were presented as a percentage infection index. In the laboratory, fungi were isolated on PDA medium from potato tubers immediately after harvest and after five-month storage. The incidence of tuber diseases depended on potato cultivars affected. The severity of tuber diseases varied between treatments with two levels of NPK fertilization and foliar fertilization. The lowest number of <em>Fusarium-</em>infected tubers was obtained from treatments where three foliar fertilizers were applied in combination, which was confirmed by the lowest abundance of fungal isolates. More fungi were isolated from potato tubers after harvest than after storage, but pathogens were more frequently isolated from stored tubers. After harvest, the lowest number of pathogenic fungi was isolated from the tubers of cv. &lsquo;Adam&rsquo; in the non-fertilized treatment, and after storage – from the tubers of the late cultivars in the treatment with three foliar fertilizers applied in combination.

scholarly journals Occurrence and epidemiological aspects of potato silver scurf in California

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 690-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos G. Cunha ◽  
David M. Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Storage Period ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Silver Scurf ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Helminthosporium Solani ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Tuber Disease ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Over Time

A new potato tuber disease has been observed in the Tulelake region, California, USA, since 1995, with tuber symptoms suggestive of silver scurf disease (Helminthosporium solani). In this work we isolated, identified and demonstrated the nature of the causal agent of this potato disease in California. In addition, the distribution of H. solani in potato fields and the inoculum potential at harvest time were investigated. Disease progress and H. solani spore populations were also characterised under commercial storage conditions. The main fungal genera associated with potato tubers in storage were Helminthosporium solani, Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium sp., and Rhizoctonia sp. The results of Koch's postulates indicated that H. solani is responsible for the outbreak of silver scurf in the Tulelake region. In a disease survey in three commercial potato fields naturally infested, H. solani infections occurred in all fields. However, the extension of the infections differed significantly between the fields. During potato storage, silver scurf usually increased over time. The percentage of the tuber surface covered by silver scurf varied from 3.5% up to 35.5% during the storage period. The number of H. solani lesions per tuber also progressively increased from 6% up to 35%, six months after storage. H. solani spore populations also increased over time in all studied potato stores; nevertheless, they followed no consistent pattern, exhibiting multiple and variable peaks of increase and reduction during the period of storage.

scholarly journals Compatible Mixture of Bacterial Antagonists Developed to Protect Potato Tubers from Soft Rot Caused by Pectobacterium spp. and Dickeya spp.

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1374-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota M. Krzyzanowska ◽  
Tomasz Maciag ◽  
Joanna Siwinska ◽  
Marta Krychowiak ◽  
Sylwia Jafra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Rot ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Bacterial Antagonists ◽  
Screening Protocol ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Tissue Maceration ◽  
Disease Pressure

Possibilities to protect potato tubers from rotting caused by Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP) under disease favoring conditions were investigated using compatible mixtures of bacterial antagonists and tested with a newly developed stepwise efficacy-based screening protocol. Twenty-two bacterial antagonists were evaluated against a combination of five Pectobacterium and Dickeya strains representing species and subspecies most often associated with potato soft rot in Europe. To enable potential synergistic activity, the antagonists were initially tested against the combination of pathogens in 15 random mixtures containing up to 5 antagonists each. Three mixtures (M2, M4, and M14) out of 15 tested reduced tuber tissue maceration due to soft rot. The individual antagonists derived from M2, M4, and M14 mixtures were tested on potato slices and whole tuber injection assays. These five strains (S. plymuthica strain A294, E. amnigenus strain A167, R. aquatilis strain H145, S. rubidaea strain H440, and S. rubidaea strain H469) were combined to develop a tailored biological control mixture against potato soft rot. The new mixture, designated the Great Five (GF), was tested on seed potato tubers vacuum infiltrated with antagonists and subsequently with the combination of five SRP pathogens. In these experiments, the GF mixture provided stable protection of inoculated potato tubers, reducing soft rot by 46% (P = 0.0016) under high disease pressure conditions. The A294, A167, H145, H440, and H469 antagonists were characterized for features important for viable commercial applications including growth at different temperatures, resistance to antibiotics, and potential toxicity toward Caenorhabditis elegans. The implications for control of soft rot caused by SRP with the use of the GF mixture of antagonists are discussed.

The mechanism of induced resistance against Fusarium dry rot in potato tubers by the T-2 toxin

2019 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huali Xue ◽  
Yang Bi ◽  
Dov Prusky ◽  
Hussain Raza ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Fusarium Dry Rot

scholarly journals Evaluation of Fungicides Applied Via Drip Irrigation for Control of Silver Scurf on Potato in Western Washington

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
McMoran D. W. ◽  
Buller S. J.
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Silver Scurf ◽  
State University ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Washington State University ◽  
Mount Vernon ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
Important Disease

Silver scurf is an economically important disease on potato tubers caused by Helminthosporium solani. Two studies were established near Mount Vernon, WA at Washington State University NWREC on 20 May 2011 and 21 May 2012 in Skagit silt loam soil.  Five treatments included: penthiopyrad applied at 45 days after planting (dap), penthiopyrad applied at 60 dap, azoxystrobin (Quadris; 9 oz/acre) applied at 45 dap, and azoxystrobin applied at 60 dap, and a non-treated non-irrigated control.  This study did not control for the effect of irrigation, as azoxystrobin- and penthiopyrad-treated plots were drip-irrigated while non-treated plots were not irrigated. The results of this study are therefore limited but do suggest a reduction in silver scurf incidence and severity with no significant impact on yield of potatoes when treated fungicide applied through drip irrigation systems.

scholarly journals Autophagy Related Gene (ATG3) is a Key Regulator for Cell Growth, Development, and Virulence of Fusarium oxysporum

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid ◽  
Lv ◽  
Naeem ◽  
Mehmood ◽  
Shaheen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Growth Development

Fusarium oxysporum is the most important pathogen of potatoes which causes post-harvest destructive losses and deteriorates the market value of potato tubers worldwide. Here, F. oxysporum was used as a host pathogen model system and it was revealed that autophagy plays a vital role as a regulator in the morphology, cellular growth, development, as well as the pathogenicity of F. oxysporum. Previous studies based upon identification of the gene responsible for encoding the autophagy pathway components from F. oxysporum have shown putative orthologs of 16 core autophagy related-ATG genes of yeast in the genome database which were autophagy-related and comprised of ubiquitin-like protein atg3. This study elucidates the molecular mechanism of the autophagy-related gene Foatg3 in F. oxysporum. A deletion (∆) mutants of F. oxysporum (Foatg3∆) was generated to evaluate nuclear dynamics. As compared to wild type and Foatg3 overexpression (OE) strains, Foatg3∆ strains failed to show positive MDC (monodansylcadaverine) staining which revealed that Foatg3 is compulsory for autophagy in F. oxysporum. A significant reduction in conidiation and hyphal growth was shown by the Foatg3∆ strains resulting in loss of virulence on potato tubers. The hyphae of Foatg3∆ mutants contained two or more nuclei within one hyphal compartment while wild type hyphae were composed of uninucleate hyphal compartments. Our findings reveal that the vital significance of Foatg3 as a key target in controlling the dry rot disease in root crops and potato tubers at the postharvest stage has immense potential of disease control and yield enhancement.

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