43 Soluble CD40L and cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic low-grade carotid stenosis

AbstractVisceral obesity is characterized by a low-grade inflammatory systemic state that contributes to the genesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), frequently associated with liver fibrosis. Non-invasive serum markers have recently emerged as reliable, easy-to-use scores to predict liver fibrosis. NAFLD is often linked to metabolic and cardiovascular risk. Thus, in this cross-sectional study, we investigated in a population of 1225 subjects if AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), one of the non-invasive liver fibrosis serum markers, can predict cardiovascular risk (CVR). APRI has been previously validated as an efficient score to predict liver fibrosis in viral hepatitis patients with a cut-off of 0.5 for fibrosis and 1.5 for cirrhosis. Our study showed that APRI significantly correlates with CVR and determines, when elevated, a significant increase in CVR for both genders, especially females. This spike in CVR, observed when APRI is elevated, is relatively high in patients in the age of 51–65 years, but it is significantly higher in younger and premenopausal women, approaching risk values usually typical of men at the same age. Taken together, our data highlighted the role of APRI as a reliable predictor easy-to-use score for CVR in metabolic patients.

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Obesity in Humans Is Characterized by Gut Inflammation as Shown by Pro-Inflammatory Intestinal Macrophage Accumulation

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.668654 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Theresa V. Rohm ◽

Regula Fuchs ◽

Rahel L. Müller ◽

Lena Keller ◽

Zora Baumann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Processed Meat ◽

Low Grade ◽

Blood Monocytes ◽

Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽

Gut Inflammation

Chronic low-grade inflammation is a hallmark of obesity and associated with cardiovascular complications. However, it remains unclear where this inflammation starts. As the gut is constantly exposed to food, gut microbiota, and metabolites, we hypothesized that mucosal immunity triggers an innate inflammatory response in obesity. We characterized five distinct macrophage subpopulations (P1-P5) along the gastrointestinal tract and blood monocyte subpopulations (classical, non-classical, intermediate), which replenish intestinal macrophages, in non-obese (BMI<27kg/m2) and obese individuals (BMI>32kg/m2). To elucidate factors that potentially trigger gut inflammation, we correlated these subpopulations with cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviors. In obese individuals, we found higher pro-inflammatory macrophages in the stomach, duodenum, and colon. Intermediate blood monocytes were also increased in obesity, suggesting enhanced recruitment to the gut. We identified unhealthy lifestyle habits as potential triggers of gut and systemic inflammation (i.e., low vegetable intake, high processed meat consumption, sedentary lifestyle). Cardiovascular risk factors other than body weight did not affect the innate immune response. Thus, obesity in humans is characterized by gut inflammation as shown by accumulation of pro-inflammatory intestinal macrophages, potentially via recruited blood monocytes. Understanding gut innate immunity in human obesity might open up new targets for immune-modulatory treatments in metabolic disease.

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“A STUDY OF MICROALBUMINURIA IN NON DIABETIC HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS”

10.36106/ijar/6200318 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Anup Latne ◽

Prabhakar Jirvankar

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Low Grade ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertensive Patients

Hypertension is a major public health problem all over the world. The incidence of hypertension is increasing year after year and the prevalence of hypertension is increasing day by day due to increased life expectancy and aging population and their sedentary lifestyle. Hypertension is known to cause microvascular changes and increased cardiovascular risk from it. Microalbuminuria possibly reflects a state of increased renal endothelial permeability and is an easily measured marker of rather diffuse endothelial dysfunction, low grade inflammation and vascular disease burden2. Microalbuminuria has been determined as an important prognostic indicator and has been reported to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk and progressive renal damage. Reliable data on the prevalence of microalbuminuria in the general population and its association with cardiovascular risk factors is limited. Till now, there is little data available regarding screening and early treatment of hypertensive patients with microalbuminuria, as in the case of microalbuminuric non diabetic subjects. With these perspective this cross sectional study of microalbuminuria in non-diabetic hypertensive patients was undertaken to study prevalence of microalbuminuria in Non Diabetic hypertensive patients. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in non-diabetic hypertensive patients and to correlate the presence of microalbuminuria with the patients of different clinical profiles. Materials and Methods: This was observational, cross sectional study of Patients diagnosed with hypertension either admitted in ward or attending OPD of Medical College and Tertiary Care Centre. Urine microalbumin creatinine ratio was used for estimation of microalbuminuria. Conclusion: It was proved that microalbuminuria prevalence was directly proportional to the duration of hypertension, the stage of hypertension. Prevalence of microalbuminria was low in ACE inhibitor and ARB treated hypertensive patients.

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Hyperintense Carotid Plaque on T1-Weighted Turbo-Field Echo MRI in Symptomatic Patients with Low-Grade Carotid Stenosis and Carotid Occlusion

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

10.1159/000317182 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 221-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anja G. van der Kolk ◽

Gert J. de Borst ◽

Anne G. den Hartog ◽

M. Eline Kooi ◽

Willem P.T.M. Mali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carotid Stenosis ◽

Carotid Plaque ◽

Carotid Occlusion ◽

Low Grade ◽

Turbo Field Echo

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An association of a variety of cardiovascular risk factors with low grade albuminuria in Korean men

Atherosclerosis ◽

10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.11.004 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 196 (1) ◽

pp. 320-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ki Chul Sung ◽

Byung Jin Kim ◽

Seungho Ryu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Low Grade

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Cutaneous lupus erythematosus and systemic lupus erythematosus are associated with clinically significant cardiovascular risk: a Danish nationwide cohort study

Lupus ◽

10.1177/0961203316651739 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 48-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J Halskou Hesselvig ◽

O Ahlehoff ◽

L Dreyer ◽

G Gislason ◽

K Kofoed

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Low Grade ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Cutaneous Lupus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a well-known cardiovascular risk factor. Less is known about cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, we investigated the risk of mortality and adverse cardiovascular events in patients diagnosed with SLE and CLE. We conducted a cohort study of the entire Danish population aged ≥ 18 and ≤ 100 years, followed from 1997 to 2011 by individual-level linkage of nationwide registries. Multivariable adjusted Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for a composite cardiovascular endpoint and all-cause mortality, for patients with SLE and CLE. A total of 3282 patients with CLE and 3747 patients with SLE were identified and compared with 5,513,739 controls. The overall HR for the composite CVD endpoint was 1.31 (95% CI 1.16–1.49) for CLE and 2.05 (95% CI 1.15–3.44) for SLE. The corresponding HRs for all-cause mortality were 1.32 (95% CI 1.20–1.45) for CLE and 2.21 (95% CI 2.03–2.41) for SLE. CLE and SLE were associated with a significantly increased risk of CVD and all-cause mortality. Local and chronic inflammation may be the driver of low-grade systemic inflammation.

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