Environmental risk mapping approach: risk minimization tool for development of industrial growth centres in developing countries

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil K Gupta ◽  
Inakollu V Suresh ◽  
Jyoti Misra ◽  
Mohammad Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Risk Mapping ◽  
Risk Minimization ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Mapping Approach ◽  
Growth Centres

scholarly journals Electrification, Power Outages and Employment

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Josephine Ofori Adofo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Power Outages ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Industrial Composition ◽  
Negative Implication ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Although electrification rates have increased in developing countries, the poor quality of electricity still remains a challenge. This paper studies the effects of electrification at the intensive margin, using a fixed effects approach. I find that power outages significantly reduce employment, earnings, and hours of work. A key channel through which outages affect employment is decreased prevalence of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) among households. Evidence indicates that severe outages reduce opportunities for households to indulge in income generating activities. The decrease in employment opportunities is further exacerbated by reduced industrial growth and changes in the industrial composition. The results suggest that unreliable electricity may have a negative implication for job creation in developing countries.

scholarly journals Gerry Rogers (ed) Urban Poverty and the Labour Market: Access to lobs and Incomes in Asian and Latin American aties. Geneva: International labour Office. 1989. Price: 35 Swiss Francs (Softbound Edition).

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-189
Author(s):  
Sohail J. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Development Models ◽  
The People ◽  
Growth Centres ◽  
World Development ◽  
Effective Contribution

In the period 1965 to 1985, the per capita consumption in the developing world went up by almost 70 percent. Yet one billion of the people in the developing countries today are living in poverty [World Development Report (1990)]. Despite the growth in incomes and consumption, the problem of poverty is enormous. In most development models a large reserve of low-paid workers (often rural based) is seen as a precondition for industrialization (often urban based), which in turn is seen as synonymous with development. It is the exploitation of these workers to generate the surpluses necessary for growth in the urban growth centres that forms the basis of policy in most developing countries. The very processes that generate this growth also make these workers the most vulnerable to poverty. And if stagnation or recession sets in, the results are disasterous. The book under review makes an effective contribution to focusing attention on the issues of urban poverty and the labour market.

scholarly journals Spatial scale in environmental risk mapping: A Valley fever case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi E. Brown ◽  
Wangshu Mu ◽  
Mohammed Khan ◽  
Clarisse Tsang ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Risk Mapping ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Income Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Design And Methods

<em>Background</em>. Valley fever is a fungal infection occurring in desert regions of the U.S. and Central and South America. Environmental risk mapping for this disease is hampered by challenges with detection, case reporting, and diagnostics as well as challenges common to spatial data handling. <br /><em>Design and Methods.</em> Using 12,349 individual cases in Arizona from 2006 to 2009, we analyzed risk factors at both the individual and area levels. <br /><em>Results</em>. Risk factors including elderly population, income status, soil organic carbon, and density of residential area were found to be positively associated with residence of Valley fever cases. A negative association was observed for distance to desert and pasture/ hay land cover. The association between incidence and two land cover variables (shrub and cultivated crop lands) varied depending on the spatial scale of the analysis. <br /><em>Conclusions</em>. The consistence of age, income, population density, and proximity to natural areas supports that these are important predictors of Valley fever risk. However, the inconsistency of the land cover variables across scales highlights the importance of how scale is treated in risk mapping.

Land Reform: A Foundation for Industrial Growth in Developing Countries?

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Anne Margrethe Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Short Summary ◽  
Agricultural Surplus ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

In this paper I examine whether or not land reform can contribute to growth in the agricultural surplus of developing countries. There are two possible channels where we might expect an effect: the first is agricultural productivity and the second is “on farm consumption”. I start with an introduction to the theories on the relationship between agrarian structure and farm productivity. The theoretical literature on the effects of land reform on productivity is inconclusive. Therefore, I perform an empirical test on the relationship. I find that land reform is at least not detrimental to productivity. Next I provide a short summary of the literature on the relationship between land reform and “on farm consumption”. This literature is more conclusive. My conclusion suggests that land reform can have a positive effect on agricultural surplus (and thereby on industrialization) through both growth and redistribution.

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