scholarly journals PHP60 RATIONAL USE EFFECTS OF IMPLEMENTING AN ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. A92
Author(s):  
MZ Younis ◽  
S Hamidi ◽  
D Forgione ◽  
M Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Essential Medicines List

scholarly journals PHP16 ESTIMATING THE COST SAVINGS AND RATIONAL USE EFFECTS OF IMPLEMENTING AN ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. A185-A186
Author(s):  
S Hamidi ◽  
M Khan ◽  
D Babo ◽  
R Culbertson ◽  
J Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Essential Medicines List ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical procurement among public sector procurers in CARICOM

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Charles Preston ◽  
Claire King ◽  
Maryam Hinds ◽  
Francis Burnett ◽  
Rian Marie Extavour
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
North America ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Rational Use Of Medicines ◽  
Essential Medicines List ◽  
Pharmaceutical Procurement ◽  
Health Organization

Objective. To examine multiple aspects of the medicines in CARICOM procurement markets, including manufacturer headquarters location, regulatory history, and type (innovator versus generic); the proportion of World Health Organization (WHO) essential medicines; and the most expensive medicines procured. Method. An analysis of procurement information from selected CARICOM procurers. Four public sector procurement lists were obtained based on public availability or sharing of data from public sector procurers. Analyses were based on parameters available or deduced from these data. Results. The majority of products come from manufacturers headquartered in North America and Europe (63%–67%). The percentage of medicines procured from generic companies is 60%–87%; and 25%–50% of medicines procured are on the WHO Essential Medicines List. Wide price variations exist in the most expensive medicines purchased. Conclusions. The analysis identifies vulnerabilities and opportunities in the procurement situation of CARICOM states, particularly related to quality and rational use of medicines. This analysis represents a baseline that governments and other stakeholders can use in the future.

scholarly journals Insufficient Stability of Clavulanic Acid in Widely Used Child-Appropriate Formulations

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Ines Mack ◽  
Mike Sharland ◽  
Janneke M. Brussee ◽  
Sophia Rehm ◽  
Katharina Rentsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Essential Medicines List ◽  
Dispersible Tablets ◽  
The Stability

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC) belongs to the WHO Essential Medicines List for children, but for optimal antimicrobial effectiveness, reconstituted dry powder suspensions need to be stored in a refrigerated environment. Many patients in low- and middle-income countries who are sold AMC suspensions would be expected not to keep to the specified storage conditions. We aimed to assess the stability of both ingredients in liquid formulations and dispersible tablets, combined with nationally representative data on access to appropriate storage. Degradation of amoxicillin (AMX) and clavulanic-acid (CLA) was measured in suspensions and dispersible tablets commercially available in Switzerland at different ambient temperatures (8 °C vs. 28 °C over 7 days, and 23 °C vs. 28 °C over 24 h, respectively). Data on access to refrigeration and electricity were assessed from the USAID-funded Demographic and Health Survey program. In suspensions, CLA degraded to a maximum of 12.9% (95% CI −55.7%, +29.9%) at 8°C and 72.3% (95% CI −82.8%, −61.8%) at a 28 °C ambient temperature during an observation period of 7 days. Dispersible tablets were observed during 24 h and CLA degraded to 15.4% (95% CI −51.9%, +21.2%) at 23 °C and 21.7% (−28.2%, −15.1%) at a 28 °C ambient temperature. There is relevant degradation of CLA in suspensions during a 7-day course. To overcome the stability challenges for all active components, durable child-appropriate formulations are needed. Until then, prescribers of AMC suspensions or pharmacists who sell the drug need to create awareness for the importance of proper storage conditions regarding effectiveness of both antibiotics and this recommendation should be reflected in the WHO Essential Medicines List for children.

Reproductive Risk Information Missing from Assessment of Drugs in the WHO's Essential Medicines List

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Janine Polifka ◽  
Hamid Ferdosi ◽  
Isabella Boroje ◽  
Steven H. Lamm
Keyword(s):  
Risk Information ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Reproductive Risk ◽  
Essential Medicines List

scholarly journals Concept of essential medicines and rational use in public health

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
SitanshuSekhar Kar ◽  
HimanshuSekhar Pradhan ◽  
GuruPrasad Mohanta
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Rational Use

scholarly journals Examination of WHO/INRUD Core Drug Use Indicators at Public Primary Healthcare Centers in Kisii County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faith A. Okalebo ◽  
Eric M. Guantai ◽  
Aggrey O. Nyabuti
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Consultation Time ◽  
Primary Healthcare Centers

ABSTRACTBackgroundIrrational drug use is a global problem. However, the extent of the problem is higher in low-income countries. This study set out to assess and characterize drug use at the public primary healthcare centers (PPHCCs) in a rural county in Kenya, using the World Health Organization/ International Network for the Rational Use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD) core drug use indicators methodology.MethodsTen PPHCCs were randomly selected. From each PPHCC, ninety prescriptions from October to December 2018 were sampled and data extracted. Three-hundred (30 per PPHCC) patients and ten (1 per PPHCC) dispensers were also observed and interviewed. The WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators were used to assess the patterns of drug use.ResultsThe average number of drugs per prescription was 2.9 (SD 0.5) (recommended: 1.6– 1.8), percentage of drugs prescribed by generic names was 27.7% (recommended: 100%); the percentage of prescriptions with an antibiotic was 84.8% (recommended: 20.0–26.8%), and with an injection prescribed was 24.9% (recommended: 13.4–24.1%). The percentage of prescribed drugs from the Kenya Essential Medicines List was 96.7% (recommended: 100%). The average consultation time was 4.1 min (SD 1.7) (recommended: ≥10 min), the average dispensing time was 131.5 sec (SD 41.5) (recommended: ≥90 sec), the percentage of drugs actually dispensed was 76.3% (recommended: 100%), the percentage of drugs adequately labeled was 22.6% (recommended: 100%) and percentage of patients with correct knowledge of dispensed drugs was 54.7% (recommended: 100%). Only 20% of the PPHCCs had a copy of KEML available, and 80% of the selected essential drugs assessed were available.ConclusionThe survey shows irrational drug use practices, particularly polypharmacy, non-generic prescribing, overuse of antibiotics, short consultation time and inadequacy of drug labeling. Effective programs and activities promoting the rational use of drugs are the key interventions suggested at all the health facilities.

scholarly journals Combining retrosynthesis and mixed-integer optimization for minimizing the chemical inventory needed to realize a WHO essential medicines list

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-376
Author(s):  
Hanyu Gao ◽  
Connor W. Coley ◽  
Thomas J. Struble ◽  
Linyan Li ◽  
Yujie Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Integer Optimization ◽  
Mixed Integer Optimization ◽  
Essential Medicines List ◽  
Multiple Products ◽  
On Demand

Retrosynthetic pathways suggestions are optimized to minimize the number of unique chemicals required to synthesize multiple products as would be useful for on-demand manufacturing.

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