Effects of sowing date and nitrogen fertilization on growth, development and yield of a short day cultivar of millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) in Mali

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Bacci ◽  
C Cantini ◽  
F Pierini ◽  
G Maracchi ◽  
F.N Reyniers
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Growth Development

Germination, Growth, Development, and Control of Camphorweed(Heterotheca subaxillaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Awang ◽  
T. J. Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Heterotheca Subaxillaris ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
And Control

Germination studies on camphorweed [Heterotheca subaxillaris(Lam.) Britt. & Rusby] revealed that freshly harvested disk achenes germinated best at 17.5 C (88%) while ray achenes were dormant. Camphorweed seed from disk achenes also germinated at temperatures as low as 3 C. Seedlings grown under long-day conditions at 23 C day and 8 C night temperatures for 144 days elongated at the rate of 0.18 cm/day. Plants grown under short-day conditions at the same temperature regime elongated at the rate of 0.06 cm/day. Total leaf surface area, fresh weight, and dry weight of shoots of plants grown under long days were at least 1.5 times greater than plants grown under short day conditions. Camphorweed, regardless of size and age, survived a 2-h exposure at −5 C. All plants in the rosette stage survived at −15 C in the freezer and an overnight temperature of −11.7 C in the field, whereas larger plants were killed at these temperatures. Stage of growth was an important factor in the herbicidal control of camphorweed. Plants in the rosette stage were generally more susceptible to herbicides than older plants. Simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] at 3.4 kg/ha, paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bypyridinium ion) at 0.6 kg/ha, methazole [2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione] at 5.0 kg/ha, and a formulated mix of diuron [3–3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] and terbacil (3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) at 4.5 kg/ha provided adequate control of camphorweed in the rosette stage. Asulam (methyl sulfanilylcarbamate) at 2.2 or 4.5 kg/ha applied alone did not control camphorweed in the rosette form but was more effective on older plants. Various combinations of these herbicides were generally effective at both stages of growth.

scholarly journals Evaluating InfoCrop model for growth, development and yield of spring wheat at farmers' field in semi-arid environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAJKUMAR DHAKAR ◽  
VINAY KUMAR SEHGAL ◽  
DEBASISH CHAKRABORTY ◽  
JOYDEEP MUKHERJEE ◽  
S. NARESH KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Acceptable Error ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Growth Development

Evaluation of crop simulation model for growth and development of crops at farmers' eld is uncommon, as large variability exists in management practices at farmers' elds. Present study was attempted to evaluate the suitability of InfoCrop v2.1 model for prediction of growth, development and yield of wheat crop at farmers' elds using two years data i.e. 2015-16 & 2016-17. A total of 42 farmers'elds were selected in Pataudi block of Haryana state. The large variability in wheat sowing date (1-Nov to 25-Dec), seed rate (87 to 150 kgha-1), N application rate (70 to 195 kgha-1) and number of irrigations (5-8) were observed in farmers' eld. InfoCrop model could able to predict well days to anthesis and physiological maturity within an acceptable error of 5% (RMSE~3 days). Measured leaf area index (LAI) matched well with simulated LAI (RMSE ~ 0.5). The agreement between observed and model simulated wheat grain yield was found to be satisfactory (nRMSE ~ 6-8%). We conclude that InfoCrop-wheat model satisfactorily simulate the growth, development and yield of wheat crop under varied management practices at farmers' elds, and hence can be applied for agricultural applications for farmers 

PLANTAS DE COBERTURA E ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA NO MILHO EM PLANTIO DIRETO SOB INFLUÊNCIA DE DÉFICIT HÍDRICO EM SOLO DE CERRADO

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
GUILHERME FELISBERTO ◽  
PATRÍCIA APARECIDA DE CARVALHO FELISBERTO ◽  
LEANDRO FLÁVIO CARNEIRO ◽  
PAULO CÉSAR TIMOSSI ◽  
FLÁVIO HIROSHI KANEKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

RESUMO – A resposta à adubação nitrogenada da cultura do milho é dependente do tipo de solo, sistema de cultivo, dose empregada e cultura antecessora. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar os efeitos dos resíduos vegetais de plantas de cobertura e da adubação nitrogenada no milho cultivado em sequência, sob sistema de plantio direto em consolidação no Cerrado. O experimento foi constituído de um fatorial 10 x 4, em delineamento de blocos casualizados e esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos das parcelas foram os resíduos do cultivo de dez plantas de cobertura (Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crambe abyssinica, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria spectabilis, Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetum glaucum, Raphanus sativus e Urochloa ruziziensis) e, nas subparcelas, foram testadas quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100 e 150 kg ha-1 de N) em cobertura no estádio V5 da cultura do milho. Observou-se baixa resposta à adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, o que foi atribuído principalmente à ocorrência de déficit hídrico nas fases de florescimento e enchimento de grãos. De modo geral, as características agronômicas do milho foram mais influenciadas pela adubação nitrogenada do que pelas plantas de cobertura cultivadas anteriormente. O ganho médio de produtividade de grãos foi da ordem de 3,7 kg para cada 1 kg de N aplicado. O milho após Urochloa ruziziensis e Crambe abyssinica apresenta menor produtividade em relação ao uso das outras espécies de plantas de cobertura, independentemente da adubação nitrogenada.Palavras-chave: adubação verde, sistema conservacionista, veranico, Zea mays.COVER CROPS AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON MAIZE GROWN IN NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM UNDER WATER DEFICIT ON CERRADO SOILABSTRACT - The response to nitrogen fertilization of the corn is dependent on the type of soil, cropping system, dose used and preceding crop. In this context, the goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cover crops residues and nitrogen fertilization on corn grown in succession, under no-tillage system in the Cerrado region. The experiment was arranged in a factorial 10 x 4, in a randomized complete block design and subdivided plot scheme, with four replications. The treatments of the plots were the residues of ten cover crops (Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crambe abyssinica, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria spectabilis, Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetum glaucum, Raphanus sativus and Urochloa ruziziensis) and in the subplots four nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 of N) were tested in the V5 stage of the corn. A low response to nitrogen fertilization was observed, which was mainly attributed to the occurrence of water deficit at the flowering and grain filling stages. In general, the agronomic characteristics of corn were more influenced by nitrogen fertilization than by the cover crops previously cultivated. The average gain of grain yield was of the order of 3.7 kg for each 1 kg ha-1 of N applied. Corn after Urochloa ruziziensis and Crambe abyssinica presented lower productivity compared to the use of other cover crop species, regardless nitrogen fertilization.Keywords: green manure, conservation tillage system, summer water deficit, Zea mays.

scholarly journals (49) Effects of Sowing Time and Tray Size for Production of Onion

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1055C-1055
Author(s):  
Young-Seok Kwon ◽  
Kwang-Soo Cho ◽  
Ju-Seong Im ◽  
Eung-Ho Lee ◽  
Won-Bae Kim
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
High Income ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Set Size ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Southern Area ◽  
Stable Production ◽  
Marketable Size

Onions are a major vegetables in Korea. Short-day onions are grown in more than 95% in southern area of South Korea, and long-day onions are grown above 600-m altitude in the highlands. Onion cultivation in the highland areas has become difficult for farmers to obtain high income but stable production because of higher cost of seed and the intensive labor involved in production. Consequently, onion set culture by inexpensive onion seeds compared with expensive F1 seed has an advantage due to the higher proportion of marketable size bulbs. This study was conducted to find out the suitable sowing time and tray size for onion set culture in the highlands—the earlier the sowing time, the higher the number of onions set. The most appropriate sowing date and 1.6–3.5 g of onion set size was early to middle May, also with the highest distribution percentage. The highest set number (780.8 set/m2) of suitable onion set size (1.6–3.5 g) were harvested from the 288 trays, followed by 770 set from the bed (9 g/m2 of seed sowed), and (7/m2 of seed sowed) in the 406 tray.

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