Evidence for liquid phase reactions during single bubble acoustic cavitation

Applications of acoustic cavitation [ frequently suffer from certain random aspects (e.g., stochastic bubble nucleation events) as well as from its sensitivity to external parameters (like gas content in the liquid). This renders for example a prediction of bubble distributions in size and space still a difficult task. To improve this situation by a better understanding of the fundamentals, a "bottom-up" approach has recently been followed which tried to model collective bubble phenomena and bubble structures on the basis of single bubbles and their interaction [. If the behavior of individual bubbles can be well captured by the models, it is hoped to gain significant insight into a larger system of acoustically driven bubbles. Indeed, several aspects of multi-bubble systems and structures could be explained by single bubble dynamics, for instance by the inversion of the primary Bjerknes force in strong ultrasonic fields. Nevertheless, many details of bubble dynamics stay partly unclear, and considerable efforts are undertaken to improve our understanding and to optimize applications of acoustic bubbles.

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Motion of a Single Bubble and the Surrounding Liquid in a Rest Water Column : Motion of Liquid Phase Measured by LDA and PIV

The Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference ◽

10.1299/jsmeted.2003.67 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 2003 (0) ◽

pp. 67-68

Author(s):

Hiroaki KUSANO ◽

Akinori KUMAGAI ◽

Takayuki SAITO

Keyword(s):

Liquid Phase ◽

Water Column ◽

Single Bubble ◽

Surrounding Liquid

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Elucidation of block boundaries as the dissolution channels in hydrated cement

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100109562 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 484-485

Author(s):

N.V. Belov ◽

U.I. Papiashwili ◽

B.E. Yudovich

Keyword(s):

Liquid Phase ◽

Grain Boundaries ◽

Benzoyl Peroxide ◽

Phase Contrast ◽

Active Role ◽

Point Of View ◽

Hardened Cement ◽

Hydrated Cement ◽

Hardened Cement Paste

It has been almost universally adopted that dissolution of solids proceeds with development of uniform, continuous frontiers of reaction.However this point of view is doubtful / 1 /. E.g. we have proved the active role of the block (grain) boundaries in the main phases of cement, these boundaries being the areas of hydrate phases' nucleation / 2 /. It has brought to the supposition that the dissolution frontier of cement particles in water is discrete. It seems also probable that the dissolution proceeds through the channels, which serve both for the liquid phase movement and for the drainage of the incongruant solution products. These channels can be appeared along the block boundaries.In order to demonsrate it, we have offered the method of phase-contrast impregnation of the hardened cement paste with the solution of methyl metacrylahe and benzoyl peroxide. The viscosity of this solution is equal to that of water.

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Identification of hepatitis a virus in cell cultures by solid phase immune electron microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100142815 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 238-239

Author(s):

C.D. Humphrey ◽

T.L. Cromeans ◽

E.H. Cook ◽

D.W. Bradley

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Cell Cultures ◽

Rapid Detection ◽

Hepatitis A ◽

Hepatitis A Virus ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Immune Electron Microscopy ◽

Detection And Identification

There is a variety of methods available for the rapid detection and identification of viruses by electron microscopy as described in several reviews. The predominant techniques are classified as direct electron microscopy (DEM), immune electron microscopy (IEM), liquid phase immune electron microscopy (LPIEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopy (SPIEM). Each technique has inherent strengths and weaknesses. However, in recent years, the most progress for identifying viruses has been realized by the utilization of SPIEM.

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Microanalysis of silicate glass films grown on α-Al2O3 by pulsed-laser deposition

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100148022 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 438-439

Author(s):

Michael P. Mallamaci ◽

James Bentley ◽

C. Barry Carter

Keyword(s):

Liquid Phase ◽

Single Crystal ◽

Pulsed Laser Deposition ◽

Pulsed Laser ◽

Ceramic Materials ◽

Laser Deposition ◽

Triple Junctions ◽

Ion Milling ◽

Multicomponent Oxides ◽

Glass Films

Glass-oxide interfaces play important roles in developing the properties of liquid-phase sintered ceramics and glass-ceramic materials. Deposition of glasses in thin-film form on oxide substrates is a potential way to determine the properties of such interfaces directly. Pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) has been successful in growing stoichiometric thin films of multicomponent oxides. Since traditional glasses are multicomponent oxides, there is the potential for PLD to provide a unique method for growing amorphous coatings on ceramics with precise control of the glass composition. Deposition of an anorthite-based (CaAl2Si2O8) glass on single-crystal α-Al2O3 was chosen as a model system to explore the feasibility of PLD for growing glass layers, since anorthite-based glass films are commonly found in the grain boundaries and triple junctions of liquid-phase sintered α-Al2O3 ceramics.Single-crystal (0001) α-Al2O3 substrates in pre-thinned form were used for film depositions. Prethinned substrates were prepared by polishing the side intended for deposition, then dimpling and polishing the opposite side, and finally ion-milling to perforation.

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Effect of furnace atmosphere and silica content on the consolidation behaviour of magnesia partially stabilised zirconia

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100178410 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 1056-1057

Author(s):

J. Drennan ◽

R.H.J. Hannink ◽

D.R. Clarke ◽

T.M. Shaw

Keyword(s):

Liquid Phase ◽

Silica Content ◽

Liquid Phase Sintering ◽

Furnace Atmosphere ◽

Boundary Phase ◽

Analytical Electron ◽

Analytical Electron Microscope ◽

Series Of Experiments ◽

Compositional Gradients ◽

Mobile Liquid

Magnesia partially stabilised zirconia (Mg-PSZ) ceramics are renowned for their excellent nechanical properties. These are effected by processing conditions and purity of starting materials. It has been previously shown that small additions of strontia (SrO) have the effect of removing the major contaminant, silica (SiO2).The mechanism by which this occurs is not fully understood but the strontia appears to form a very mobile liquid phase at the grain boundaries. As the sintering reaches the final stages the liquid phase is expelled to the surface of the ceramic. A series of experiments, to examine the behaviour of the liquid grain boundary phase, were designed to produce compositional gradients across the ceramic bodies. To achieve this, changes in both silica content and furnace atmosphere were implemented. Analytical electron microscope techniques were used to monitor the form and composition of the phases developed. This paper describes the results of our investigation and the presentation will discuss the work with reference to liquid phase sintering of ceramics in general.

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