Cell-wall hardness and Young's modulus of melamine-modified spruce wood by nano-indentation

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1141-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Gindl ◽  
H.S Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Nano Indentation ◽  
Spruce Wood

Measurement of Young's Modulus and Poisson's Ratio of Thin Film by Combination of Bulge Test and Nano-Indentation

2008 ◽  
Vol 33-37 ◽  
pp. 969-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bong Bu Jung ◽  
Seong Hyun Ko ◽  
Hun Kee Lee ◽  
Hyun Chul Park
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Indentation Test ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Bulge Test ◽  
Nano Indentation

This paper will discuss two different techniques to measure mechanical properties of thin film, bulge test and nano-indentation test. In the bulge test, uniform pressure applies to one side of thin film. Measurement of the membrane deflection as a function of the applied pressure allows one to determine the mechanical properties such as the elastic modulus and the residual stress. Nano-indentation measurements are accomplished by pushing the indenter tip into a sample and then withdrawing it, recording the force required as a function of position. . In this study, modified King’s model can be used to estimate the mechanical properties of the thin film in order to avoid the effect of substrates. Both techniques can be used to determine Young’s modulus or Poisson’s ratio, but in both cases knowledge of the other variables is needed. However, the mathematical relationship between the modulus and Poisson's ratio is different for the two experimental techniques. Hence, achieving agreement between the techniques means that the modulus and Poisson’s ratio and Young’s modulus of thin films can be determined with no a priori knowledge of either.

Indentation Tests for Sintered Silver in Die-Attach Interconnection After Thermal Cycling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Qin ◽  
Shuai Zhao ◽  
Yanwei Dai ◽  
Lingyun Liu ◽  
Tong An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Silver Layer ◽  
Thermal Cycles ◽  
Nano Indentation ◽  
Die Attach ◽  
Indentation Tests ◽  
Sintered Silver

Abstract Thermo-mechanical reliability assessment for sintered silver is a crucial issue as sintered silver is a promising candidate of die-attachment materials for power devices. In this paper, the nano-indentation tests are performed for sintered silver in typical die-attach interconnection under different thermal cycles. Based on thermal cycling test, the Young's modulus and hardness of sintered silver layer have been presented. It is found that the Young's modulus and hardness of sintered silver layer changes slightly although the microstructure of sintered silver also presents some variations. The stress and strain curves for different thermal cycling tests for sintered silver based on reverse analysis of nano-indentation are also given. The results show that the elastoplastic constitutive equations change significantly after thermal cycling tests, and the yielding stress decreases remarkably after 70 thermal cycles. The experimental investigation also show that the cracking behaviors of sintered silver depends on its geometry characteristics, which implies that the possible optimization of sintered silver layer could enhance its thermo-mechanical performance.

Evaluation of WB Coatings by Scanned Imaging Microscopy

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jikai Du ◽  
Bernhard R. Tittmann
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
High Attenuation ◽  
Nano Indentation ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Acoustic Evaluation ◽  
Acoustic Velocities ◽  
Thick Coatings ◽  
Scanning Acoustic Microscope

Organic thick coatings (epoxy, polyurethane, and acrylic-urethane) have been widely applied to high modulus substrates (e.g., steel) for anticorrosion protection. To improve performance, reinforced components (clay, bochmite, nanopaticles, etc.) are usually added to these coatings. However, the acoustic evaluation of these coatings is difficult due to their low acoustic velocities and high attenuation coefficients. In this paper, first, the scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) is used to image sub-surfaces, coating/substrate interfaces, and to measure acoustic velocities. Different phases can be observed on some coatings and defects can be found at some interfaces. Secondly, the atomic force microscope (AFM) is applied to image surfaces at high resolution (compared to SAM). These results agree with SAM images. Thirdly, a nano-indentation technique is utilized to measure the reduced Young’s modulus and absolute hardness of the coatings. The results show that epoxy has the highest Young’s modulus and acrylic-urethane has the lowest. Reinforced components can either increase or decrease Young’s modulus, and hardness depending on the coating material. Finally, results from the SAM, AFM and nano-indentation are compared and analyzed to optimize the evaluation.

Comparing Mechanical Properties of Secondary Wall and Cell Corner Middle Lamella in Spruce Wood

IAWA Journal ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert Wimmer ◽  
Barry N. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Cell Corner

Mechanical characterizations of the S2 layers and the cell corner middle lamella in the axial direction were investigated in spruce wood, A mechanical properties microprobe capable of measuring hardness and Young's modulus on a spatially resolved basis similar to that of an electron beam microprobe was used. Hardness of the cell comer middle lamella was found to be almost as high as that of the secondary wall, but the Young's modulus of the cell corner middle lamella was 50% less than that of the S2' The S2 showed constant hardness over its range of Young's modulus, but the cell corner middle lamella exhibited a strong correlation (R2 = 0.55) between hardness and the Young's modulus. Further investigations are needed to directly combine chemical and micromechanical properties and also to investigate the mechanical effects of the high variability of cell corner middle lamella chemistry.

Impact of Adhesive Application and Moisture on the Mechanical Properties of the Adhesive Interface Determined by the Nano-indentation Technique

10.2341/08-36 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Higashi ◽  
M. D. Michel ◽  
A. Reis ◽  
A. D. Loguercio ◽  
O. M. M. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
Single Bond ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Nano Indentation ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Adhesive Application ◽  
Demineralized Dentin

Clinical Relevance The vigorous rubbing action of acetone and ethanol/water-based adhesives into dry demineralized dentin resulted in high nanohardness and Young's modulus in the hybrid layer, and moisture increased the nanohardness and Young's modulus of Adper Single Bond Plus in the adhesive layer.

Elasticity and microfibrillar angle in the wood of Sitka spruce

1966 ◽  
Vol 166 (1004) ◽  
pp. 245-272 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Helical Angle ◽  
Microfibrillar Angle ◽  
Experimental Findings

The initial value of Young’s modulus, E , has been measured for small specimens of Sitka spruce wood taken from the annual rings of two disks and has been found in both cases to increase from pith to bark. The decrease from pith to bark in the helical angle θ of the cellulose microfibrils in the walls of the tracheids averaged over an annual ring has been determined from matched specimens. E has been found to vary regularly with θ . Two mathematical models of the cell involved have been developed and the experimental findings applied to the relations derived between E and θ . The first model was that of a number of helical springs free to slip, twist and bend and gave a relationship between the helical angle and the reciprocal of Young’s modulus as proportional to tan 2 θ . The second model, that of an anisotropic homogeneous cell wall, gave 1/ E as being proportional to a quadratic function in sin 2 θ . Relative shear in the cell wall has been predicted from this latter model. The tan 2 θ relation is found to hold provided θ is less than about 40°. The sin 2 θ relation holds, on the other hand, over the full range of θ observed. Some implications of these relations are discussed.

Cell wall thickness and tangential Young's modulus in coniferous early wood

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugai Watanabe ◽  
Misato Norimoto ◽  
Toshiro Morooka
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness

Mechanical Properties of Poly 3C-SiC Thin Films According to Carrier Gas (H2) Concentration

2008 ◽  
Vol 600-603 ◽  
pp. 867-870
Author(s):  
Gwiy Sang Chung ◽  
Ki Bong Han
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Carrier Gas ◽  
Nano Indentation ◽  
Atomic Force

This paper presents the mechanical properties of 3C-SiC thin film according to 0, 7, and 10 % carrier gas (H2) concentrations using Nano-Indentation. When carrier gas (H2) concentration was 10 %, it has been proved that the mechanical properties, Young’s Modulus and Hardness, of 3C-SiC are the best of them. In the case of 10 % carrier gas (H2) concentration, Young’s Modulus and Hardness were obtained as 367 GPa and 36 GPa, respectively. When the surface roughness according to carrier gas (H2) concentrations was investigated by AFM (atomic force microscope), when carrier gas (H2) concentration was 10 %, the roughness of 3C-SiC thin was 9.92 nm, which is also the best of them. Therefore, in order to apply poly 3C-SiC thin films to MEMS applications, carrier gas (H2) concentration’s rate should increase to obtain better mechanical properties and surface roughness.

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