Viral load and non lactoferrin concentrations in breast milk is predictive for the transmission of human cytomegalovirus to preterm neonates

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Barry Van Der Strate
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Preterm Neonates

scholarly journals Viral Load in Breast Milk Correlates with Transmission of Human Cytomegalovirus to Preterm Neonates, but Lactoferrin Concentrations Do Not

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. A. van der Strate ◽  
M. C. Harmsen ◽  
P. Schäfer ◽  
P. J. Swart ◽  
T. H. The ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Viral Loads

ABSTRACT In vitro, lactoferrin (LF) strongly inhibits human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), which led us to hypothesize that in vivo HCMV might also be inhibited in secretions with high LF concentrations. In breast milk, high viral loads observed as high viral DNA titers tended to coincide with higher LF levels. However, the LF levels did not correlate to virus transmission to preterm infants. The viral load in the transmitting group was highest compared to the nontransmitting group. We conclude that viral load in breast milk is an important factor for transmission of the virus.

scholarly journals Human Cytomegalovirus Genome Diversity in Longitudinally Collected Breast Milk Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper Götting ◽  
Katrin Lazar ◽  
Nicolás M. Suárez ◽  
Lars Steinbrück ◽  
Tabea Rabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Viral Population ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Wide Range

Reactivation and shedding of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in breast milk during lactation is highly frequent in HCMV-seropositive mothers. This represents a key transmission route for postnatal HCMV infection and can lead to severe disease in preterm neonates. Little is known about HCMV strain composition or longitudinal intrahost viral population dynamics in breast milk from immunocompetent women. We performed HCMV-specific target enrichment and high-throughput sequencing of 38 breast milk samples obtained in Germany between days 10 and 60 postpartum from 15 mothers with HCMV DNA lactia, and assembled HCMV consensus sequences de novo. The genotype distribution and number of HCMV strains present in each sample were determined by quantifying genotype-specific sequence motifs in 12 hypervariable viral genes, revealing a wide range of genotypes (82/109) for these genes in the cohort and a unique, longitudinally stable strain composition in each mother. Reactivation of up to three distinct HCMV strains was detected in 8/15 of mothers, indicating that a representative subset of the woman’s HCMV reservoir might be locally reactivated early during lactation. As described previously, nucleotide diversity of samples with multiple strains was much higher than that of samples with single strains. Breast milk as a main source of postnatal mother-to-infant transmission may serve as a repository for viral diversity and thus play an essential role in the natural epidemiology of HCMV.

scholarly journals Breast Milk Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Viral Load and the Establishment of Breast Milk CMV-pp65-Specific CD8 T Cells in Human CMV Infected Mothers

2017 ◽  
Vol 216 (9) ◽  
pp. 1176-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C Moylan ◽  
Sunil K Pati ◽  
Shannon A Ross ◽  
Karen B Fowler ◽  
Suresh B Boppana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Human Cmv

Distribution of Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein H Genotypes in Different Samples from Chinese Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Lu-Yan Chen ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Shi-Qiang Shang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Predominant Genotype ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Glycoprotein H

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate characteristics of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein H (gH) genotypes in urine, throat swab, and serum from children and breast milk from children's mothers. Methods Fresh urine samples, throat swabs, or serum samples from children and breast milk samples from children's mothers were collected for HCMV DNA detection. The positive samples of HCMV DNA were further detected by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with gH typing. Results Of 1,703 HCMV DNA-positive samples, the highest proportion (83.3%, 85/102) of children aged between 21 days and 3 months was detected positive in breast milk samples (p = 0.002), and the highest proportion (70.5%, 110/156) of children aged above 3 months was detected positive in throat swab samples (p = 0.002). HCMV in throat swab specimens is mainly high copy (p < 0.0001), and low-copy HCMV is prevalent in breast specimens (p < 0.0001). Among them, 1,059 samples were identified as gH1 genotype, 530 samples were gH2, and 114 samples were coinfection (gH1/2). There had the highest gH2 rates (32.3%) and lowest gH1 (61.0%) rates in urine samples (p = 0.041), whereas the highest gH1 rates (71.6%) and lowest gH2 rates (19.6%) were found in breast milk samples (p = 0.032). Concerning age groups, patients aged between 21 days and 3 months had the highest gH1 proportion (p = 0.017), while patients aged above 3 months had the highest gH1 and gH2 HCMV coinfection proportion (p = 0.002). Among 43 pairs of maternal and child samples corresponding to positive samples, gH genotype of 35 pairs of samples was consistent with a rate of 81.4%. Conclusion gH1 is the predominant genotype of HCMV in each kind of sample in China. However, the distribution of the HCMV gH genotype is different among different samples.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles in Human Preterm Colostrum Inhibit Infection by Human Cytomegalovirus In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1087
Author(s):  
Manuela Donalisio ◽  
Simona Cirrincione ◽  
Massimo Rittà ◽  
Cristina Lamberti ◽  
Andrea Civra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Hcmv Infection ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Human Colostrum ◽  
Clinical Illness

Breast milk is a complex biofluid that nourishes infants, supports their growth and protects them from diseases. However, at the same time, breastfeeding is a transmission route for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), with preterm infants being at a great risk of congenital disease. The discrepancy between high HCMV transmission rates and the few reported cases of infants with severe clinical illness is likely due to the protective effect of breast milk. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-HCMV activity of human preterm colostrum and clarify the role of colostrum-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Preterm colostrum samples were collected and the EVs were purified and characterized. The in vitro anti-HCMV activity of both colostrum and EVs was tested against HCMV, and the viral replication step inhibited by colostrum-purified EVs was examined. We investigated the putative role EV surface proteins play in impairing HCMV infection using shaving experiments and proteomic analysis. The obtained results confirmed the antiviral action of colostrum against HCMV and demonstrated a remarkable antiviral activity of colostrum-derived EVs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that EVs impair the attachment of HCMV to cells, with EV surface proteins playing a role in mediating this action. These findings contribute to clarifying the mechanisms that underlie the protective role of human colostrum against HCMV infection.

scholarly journals A quality initiative to improve exclusive breast milk feeding in preterm neonates

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitasha Bagga ◽  
Ramya Nadipineni ◽  
Ashik Mohamed ◽  
Preetham Poddutoor ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Chirla
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Milk Feeding

scholarly journals Growth Pattern of Early and Late Breast Fed Preterm (30-35 Weeks' Gestation) Neonates: A Hospital Based Study

1970 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Tahsinul Amin ◽  
MAK Azad Chowdhury ◽  
M Monir Hossain ◽  
M Mahbubul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Enteral Feeding ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Early Feeding ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Better Than

Background: There is still controversy among the pediatricians regarding when and how to start enteral feeding in preterm neonates. However, early feeding with breast milk was presumed to be well-tolerated, cost-effective and promote growth better than late feeding. Objectives: To compare growth pattern, benefits and risks between early and late breast feeding in preterm (30-35 weeks' gestation) neonates. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial. Total 100 preterm neonates were stratified into early feeding (n=50) and late feeding (n=50) groups. Early feeding was started on day 3 and late feeding on day 5 of life with expressed breast milk as 20 ml/ kg/day by gavage feeding with daily increment 20 ml/kg till full enteral feeding. Growth was recorded by anthropometric measurements with accuracy and precision for first 3 months of life. Results: Early breast feeding was found to be significantly better than late breast feeding in duration to reach full feeding (13.08 days vs. 16.70 days), time to regain enrolment weight (10.87 days vs. 13.70 days), feed tolerance (78% vs. 58%), hospital stay (13.58 days vs. 16.82 days), mean weight (3773.62 ±310.49 gm vs. 3636.91 ±340.20 gm), linear growth (53.64 ±2.26 cm vs. 52.62 ±2.04 cm) and OFC growth (35.85 ±1.50 cm vs. 35.35 ±1.40 cm) at 3 months of age. Conclusion: Early feeding with breast milk is well tolerated with less morbidity and promotes growth better than late feeding in preterm neonates. Key words: Growth pattern; preterm; breast fed DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v31i1.6071 Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2007; Vol.31(1-3): 26-31

Proportionate Postnatal Growth in Preterm Neonates on Expressed Breast Milk Feeding With Selected Fortification

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-723
Author(s):  
Vishal Vishnu Tewari ◽  
Ashutosh Kumar ◽  
Amit Singhal ◽  
Arya Prakash ◽  
Nayana Pillai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Expressed Breast Milk ◽  
Milk Feeding

scholarly journals Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Reactivation in the Mammary Gland Induces a Proinflammatory Cytokine Shift in Breast Milk

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabea Rabe ◽  
Katrin Lazar ◽  
Christoffer Cambronero ◽  
Rangmar Goelz ◽  
Klaus Hamprecht
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Dna Dynamics ◽  
Cytokine Network ◽  
Milk Whey ◽  
Mothers Of Preterm Infants ◽  
The Impact

A locally restricted human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) reactivation in the mammary gland commonly occurs in nearly every IgG-seropositive breastfeeding mother. This unique phenomenon can therefore be used to study the reactivation process in an immunocompetent healthy host. Breast milk contains a variety of immunoactive compounds, including immune cells, antibodies, growth factors, and cytokines supporting the newborn’s immature immune system. To characterize the impact of HCMV reactivation on breast milk cytokines, we analyzed longitudinal breast milk samples of four IgG-seropositive and three IgG-seronegative mothers of preterm infants using Proximity Extension Assay (PEA) technology (Olink Proteomics, Uppsala, Sweden). Cytokine profiling revealed elevated cytokine levels in IgG-seropositive mothers’ milk whey. Reactivating mothers showed higher levels of CC-chemokines (MCP-2, CCL19, and CCL20) and CXC-chemokines (IL-8, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11), such as the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17C, glycoprotein CD5, and TNFSF14. HCMV reactivation seems to influence the cytokine profile in human breast milk. This work could open the door for further studies analyzing distinct relations of the cytokine network as well as phenotypical and functional T cell properties in background of HCMV DNA dynamics in early lactation.

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