Technological advances and changing indications for lumbar puncture in neurological disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost M Costerus ◽  
Matthijs C Brouwer ◽  
Diederik van de Beek
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Technological Advances

scholarly journals Where there is no brain imaging: Safety and diagnostic value of lumbar puncture in patients with neurological disorders in a rural hospital of Central Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deby Mukendi ◽  
Jean-Roger Lilo Kalo ◽  
Tharcisse Kayembe ◽  
Pascal Lutumba ◽  
Barbara Barbé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Rural Hospital

scholarly journals Lumbar puncture in patients on anticoagulants

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Monika Białecka ◽  
◽  
Anna Machoy-Mokrzyńska ◽  
Anna Pierzchlińska ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Aggregation Effect ◽  
New Anticoagulants ◽  
Platelet Receptor

Lumbar puncture is an important invasive procedure often used in the diagnosis of neurological disorders. Generally, lumbar puncture is a safe procedure, with a very low incidence of serious complications, the risk of which, however, may increase in the group of patients on anticoagulant therapy (anticoagulants and platelet anti-aggregation agents). This applies to both the risk of haemorrhagic complications and the risk of thrombotic events during temporary discontinuation of anticoagulants. This paper presents the current knowledge on the management in patients receiving anticoagulants (vitamin K antagonists, new anticoagulants, heparins, fondaparinux) and platelet anti-aggregation agents (P2Y12 platelet receptor antagonists, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, acetylsalicylic acid) who require lumbar puncture. Furthermore, we present the issue of bridging therapy in patients at a high risk of thrombotic complications. In the case of neurological indications for a lumbar puncture in a patient on anticoagulants or anti-aggregation therapy, the urgency of the procedure and the risk of adverse effects should be assessed and other diagnostic methods should be considered in the first place. If there is a need for an urgent lumbar puncture, treatment modification or the use of drugs to reverse the anticoagulant or anti-aggregation effect may be necessary. Each case must be treated individually, considering medical and family history, comorbidities and other medications taken by the patient. Most of the available recommendations related to the presented problem have been developed by anaesthetic associations. There is a need to popularise the principles of management in patients on anticoagulants who require lumbar puncture due to neurological disorders.

Investigation in neurological disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kannan Nithi ◽  
Sarosh Irani
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Genetic Tests

This chapter provides a brief overview of the more commonly available neurophysiology and neuroradiology techniques, guidance on how to perform a lumbar puncture, and a summary of biochemical, immunological, and genetic tests relevant to neurological disorders.

Ultrastructural Effects of Acute Kepone Treatment in Rats

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
Richard L. Klein ◽  
Åsa K. Thureson-Klein ◽  
Harihara M. Mehendale
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

KeponeR (decachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta[cd]pentalen-2-one) is an insecticide effective against ants and roaches. It can cause severe toxicity in fishes, birds, rodents and man. Prominent effects include hepatic lipid deposition and hypertrophy, impairment of reproductive capacity and neurological disorders. Mitochondrial oligomycin-sensitive Mg2+-ATPase is also inhibited. The present study is a preliminary investigation of tissue ultrastructural changes accompanying physiological signs of acute toxicity, which after two days treatment include: pronounced hypersensitivity and tremor, various degrees of anorexia and adipsia, and decreased weight gain.Three different series of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles River or CD-I) were treated by intubation with Kepone in corn oil at a dose of 50 mg per kg for 3 successive days or at 200 ppm in food for 8 days. After ether anesthesia, rats were immediately perfused via a cannula in the left ventricle with 4% p-formaldehyde and 0.5% glutaraldehyde in Millonig's phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 for 20-30 min at 22°C.

High-resolution measurement of birefringent fine structure in living cells using a new polarized light microscope

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
Rudolf Oldenbourg
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscope ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Birefringent Crystal ◽  
Technological Advances

The recent renaissance of the light microsope is fueled in part by technological advances in components on the periphery of the microscope, such as the laser as illumination source, electronic image recording (video), computer assisted image analysis and the biochemistry of fluorescent dyes for labeling specimens. After great progress in these peripheral parts, it seems timely to examine the optics itself and ask how progress in the periphery facilitates the use of new optical components and of new optical designs inside the microscope. Some results of this fruitful reflection are presented in this symposium.We have considered the polarized light microscope, and developed a design that replaces the traditional compensator, typically a birefringent crystal plate, with a precision universal compensator made of two liquid crystal variable retarders. A video camera and digital image processing system provide fast measurements of specimen anisotropy (retardance magnitude and azimuth) at ALL POINTS of the image forming the field of view. The images document fine structural and molecular organization within a thin optical section of the specimen.

“Getting High Resolution Out of A High Voltage Microscope”

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 822-825
Author(s):  
David J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Theoretical Limit ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Potential Improvement ◽  
Lower Voltage

The initial attractions of the high voltage electron microscope (HVEM) stemmed mainly from the possibility of considerable increases in electron penetration through thick specimens compared with conventional 100KV microscopes, although the potential improvement in resolution associated with the decrease in election wavelength had been fully appreciated for many years (eg. Cosslett, 1946)1, even if not realizable in practice. Subsequent technological advances enabled the performance of lower voltage machines to be brought closer to the theoretical limit, to be followed in turn by more recent projects which have been successful, eventually, in achieving even higher resolution with dedicated higher voltage instruments such as those at Kyoto (500KV)2, Munich (400KV)3, Ibaraki (1250KV)4 and Cambridge (600KV)5. It does not necessarily follow however that the performance of journal high voltage microscopes can be easily upgraded, retrospectively, to the same level, as will be discussed in detail below.

Family Support in Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Patti Martin ◽  
Nannette Nicholson ◽  
Charia Hall
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Learning Collaborative ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Program Components

Family support has evolved from a buzzword of the 1990s to a concept founded in theory, mandated by federal law, valued across disciplines, and espoused by both parents and professionals. This emphasis on family-centered practices for families of young children with disabilities, coupled with federal policy initiatives and technological advances, served as the impetus for the development of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) programs (Nicholson & Martin, in press). White, Forsman, Eichwald, and Muñoz (2010) provide an excellent review of the evolution of EHDI systems, which include family support as one of their 9 components. The National Center for Hearing Assessment and Management (NCHAM), the Maternal and Child Health Bureau, and the Center for Disease Control Centers cosponsored the first National EHDI Conference. This conference brought stakeholders including parents, practitioners, and researchers from diverse backgrounds together to form a learning collaborative (Forsman, 2002). Attendees represented a variety of state, national, and/or federal agencies and organizations. This forum focused effort on the development of EHDI programs infused with translating research into practices and policy. When NCHAM, recognizing the critical role of family support in the improvement of outcomes for both children and families, created a think tank to investigate the concept of a conference centered on support for families of children who are deaf or hard of hearing in 2005, the “Investing in Family Support” (IFSC) conference was born. This conference was specifically designed to facilitate and enhance EHDI efforts within the family support arena. From this venue, a model of family support was conceptualized and has served as the cornerstone of the IFSC annual conference since 2006. Designed to be a functional framework, the IFSC model delineates where and how families find support. In this article, we will promote and encourage continued efforts towards defining operational measures and program components to ultimately quantify success as it relates to improved outcomes for these children and their families. The authors view this opportunity to revisit the theoretical underpinnings of family support, the emerging research in this area, and the basics of the IFSC Model of Family Support as a call to action. We challenge professionals who work with children identified as deaf or hard of hearing to move family support from conceptualization to practices that are grounded in evidence and ever mindful of the unique and dynamic nature of individual families.

FM Verification for the 21 st Century

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leisha Eiten ◽  
Dawna Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Current Technology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Children With Hearing Loss

Background: For children with hearing loss, the benefits of FM systems in overcoming deleterious effects of noise, distance, and reverberation have led to recommendations for use beyond classroom settings. It is important that audiologists who recommend and fit these devices understand the rationale and procedures underlying fitting and verification. Objectives: This article reviews previousguidelines for FM verification, addresses technological advances, and introduces verification procedures appropriate for current FM and hearing-aid technology. Methods: Previous guidelines for verification of FM systems are reviewed. Those recommendations that are appropriate for current technology are addressed, as are procedures that are no longer adequate for hearing aids and FM systems utilizing more complex processing than in the past. Technological advances are discussed, and an updated approach to FM verification is proposed. Conclusions: Approaches to verification andfitting of FM systems must keep pace with advances in hearing-aid and FM technology. The transparency approach addressed in this paper is recommended for verification of FM systems coupled to hearing aids.

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